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Fundamentals of Nuclear Science and Engineering 3rd edition [Kõva köide]

4.00/5 (9 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)

J. Kenneth Shultis (Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA), Richard E. Faw (Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA)

Formaat: Hardback, 660 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 1440 g
Ilmumisaeg: 29-Sep-2016
Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
ISBN-10: 1498769292
ISBN-13: 9781498769297

Teised raamatud teemal:

Nuclear power & engineering
Mechanical engineering - (Hetkel poes: 3 nimetust)
Atomic & molecular physics

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Formaat: Hardback, 660 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 1440 g
Ilmumisaeg: 29-Sep-2016
Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
ISBN-10: 1498769292
ISBN-13: 9781498769297

Teised raamatud teemal:

Nuclear power & engineering
Mechanical engineering - (Hetkel poes: 3 nimetust)
Atomic & molecular physics

Teised raamatud sellest sooduspakkumisest: Taylor & Francis teadusraamatud International Student Editions hindadega

Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781498769297.html

Märksõnad:

Nuclear engineering

Fundamentals of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Third Edition, presents the nuclear science concepts needed to understand and quantify the whole range of nuclear phenomena. Noted for its accessible level and approach, the Third Edition of this long-time bestselling textbook provides overviews of nuclear physics, nuclear power, medicine, propulsion, and radiation detection. Its flexible organization allows for use with Nuclear Engineering majors and those in other disciplines. The Third Edition features updated coverage of the newest nuclear reactor designs, fusion reactors, radiation health risks, and expanded discussion of basic reactor physics with added examples. A complete Solutions Manual and figure slides for classroom projection are available for instructors adopting the text.

Arvustused

"This is a comprehensive introduction to nuclear science and engineering. Its an ideal book for undergraduate students as a first course in nuclear engineering. The book is well written and the basics are well described for the students. The chapter problems are appropriate to the subject matter and give students good practice examples. This is a really good book for an introductory course on Nuclear Science and Engineering." Chaitanya Deo, Georgia Institute of Technology

"The biggest application of nuclear technology is the production of electricity with fission process, one commonly referred as nuclear engineering, which has become a cross-cutting disciplinary by itself. However, nuclear science covers a much boarder areas and applications that is beyond the convention domain of nuclear engineering. There are very few books could cover all these topics so well such as this book that starts with fundamental atomic introduction and extends to almost all aspect of nuclear science and engineering topics. Highly recommended as introductory level book to college students and professionals." L. Raymond Cao, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA

"I have used the earlier editions of this book for a number of years and I plan to continue to use it, in the newer edition, this year and beyond.

I have found this text to be the best for a solid sophomore/junior level nuclear engineering introductory course. In fact, there is much more content than can be covered in a semester, so I find it to be a good text to have on the shelf as a general reference." Mary Lou Dunzik-Gougar, Idaho State University, USA "This is a comprehensive introduction to nuclear science and engineering. Its an ideal book for undergraduate students as a first course in nuclear engineering. The book is well written and the basics are well described for the students. The chapter problems are appropriate to the subject matter and give students good practice examples. This is a really good book for an introductory course on Nuclear Science and Engineering." Chaitanya Deo, Georgia Institute of Technology

"The biggest application of nuclear technology is the production of electricity with fission process, one commonly referred as nuclear engineering, which has become a cross-cutting disciplinary by itself. However, nuclear science covers a much broader areas and applications that is beyond the convention domain of nuclear engineering. There are very few books could cover all these topics so well such as this book that starts with fundamental atomic introduction and extends to almost all aspect of nuclear science and engineering topics. Highly recommended as introductory level book to college students and professionals." L. Raymond Cao, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA

"I have used the earlier editions of this book for a number of years and I plan to continue to use it, in the newer edition, this year and beyond.

I have found this text to be the best for a solid sophomore/junior level nuclear engineering introductory course. In fact, there is much more content than can be covered in a semester, so I find it to be a good text to have on the shelf as a general reference." Mary Lou Dunzik-Gougar, Idaho State University, USA

1 Fundamental Concepts

(18)

1.1 Modern Units

(4)

1.1.1 Special Nuclear Units

(1)

1.1.2 Physical Constants

(1)

1.2 The Atom

(10)

1.2.1 The Fundamental Constituents of Ordinary Matter

(2)

1.2.2 Dark Matter and Energy

(1)

1.2.3 Atomic and Nuclear Nomenclature

(1)

1.2.4 Relative Atomic Masses

(1)

1.2.5 Avogadro's Number

(1)

1.2.6 Mass of an Atom

(1)

1.2.7 Atom and Isotope Number Density

(2)

1.2.8 Size of an Atom

(1)

1.2.9 Atomic and Isotopic Abundances

(1)

1.2.10 Nuclear Dimensions

(1)

1.3 Chart of the Nuclides

(4)

1.3.1 Other Sources of Atomic/Nuclear Information

(4)

2 Modern Physics Concepts

(35)

2.1 The Special Theory of Relativity

(7)

2.1.1 Principle of Relativity

(1)

2.1.2 Results of the Special Theory of Relativity

(4)

2.2 Radiation as Waves and Particles

(7)

2.2.1 The Photoelectric Effect

(2)

2.2.2 Compton Scattering

(2)

2.2.3 Electromagnetic Radiation: Wave-Particle Duality

(1)

2.2.4 Electron Scattering

(1)

2.2.5 Wave-Particle Duality

(1)

2.3 Quantum Mechanics

(5)

2.3.1 Schrodinger's Wave Equation

(2)

2.3.2 The Wave Function

(1)

2.3.3 The Uncertainty Principle

(1)

2.3.4 Success of Quantum Mechanics

(1)

2.4 Addendum 1: Derivation of Some Special Relativity Results

(2)

2.4.1 Time Dilation

(1)

2.4.2 Length Contraction

(1)

2.4.3 Mass Increase

(1)

2.5 Addendum 2: Solutions to Schrodinger's Wave Equation

(14)

2.5.1 The Particle in a Box

(3)

2.5.2 The Hydrogen Atom

(2)

2.5.3 Energy Levels for Multielectron Atoms

(9)

3 Atomic/Nuclear Models

(25)

3.1 Development of the Modern Atom Model

(9)

3.1.1 Discovery of Radioactivity

(3)

3.1.2 Thomson's Atomic Model: The Plum Pudding Model

(1)

3.1.3 The Rutherford Atomic Model

(1)

3.1.4 The Bohr Atomic Model

(3)

3.1.5 Extension of the Bohr Theory: Elliptic Orbits

(1)

3.1.6 The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom

(1)

3.2 Models of the Nucleus

(16)

3.2.1 Fundamental Properties of the Nucleus

(2)

3.2.2 The Proton-Electron Model

(1)

3.2.3 The Proton-Neutron Model

(2)

3.2.4 Stability of Nuclei

(2)

3.2.5 The Liquid Drop Model of the Nucleus

(4)

3.2.6 Mass Parabolas

(1)

3.2.7 The Nuclear Shell Model

(1)

3.2.8 Other Nuclear Models

(3)

4 Nuclear Energetics

(18)

4.1 Binding Energy

(5)

4.1.1 Nuclear and Atomic Masses

(1)

4.1.2 Binding Energy of the Nucleus

(1)

4.1.3 Average Nuclear Binding Energies

(3)

4.2 Binding Energies of Isotopes

(2)

4.3 Nucleon Separation Energy

(1)

4.4 Nuclear Reactions

(1)

4.5 Examples of Binary Nuclear Reactions

(2)

4.5.1 Multiple Reaction Outcomes

(1)

4.6 Q-Value for a Reaction

(1)

4.6.1 Binary Reactions

(1)

4.6.2 Radioactive Decay Reactions

(1)

4.7 Conservation of Charge and the Calculation of Q-Values

(2)

4.7.1 Special Case for Changes in the Proton Number

(1)

4.8 Q-Value for Reactions Producing Excited Nuclei

(4)

5 Radioactivity

(39)

5.1 Overview

(1)

5.2 Types of Radioactive Decay

(1)

5.3 Radioactive Decay Diagrams

(4)

5.4 Energetics of Radioactive Decay

102

(9)

5.4.1 Gamma Decay

102

(1)

5.4.2 Alpha-Particle Decay

103

(2)

5.4.3 Beta-Particle Decay

105

(2)

5.4.4 Positron Decay

107

(1)

5.4.5 Electron Capture

108

(2)

5.4.6 Neutron Decay

110

(1)

5.4.7 Proton Decay

110

(1)

5.4.8 Internal Conversion

111

(1)

5.5 Characteristics of Radioactive Decay

111

(6)

5.5.1 The Decay Constant

112

(1)

5.5.2 Exponential Decay

113

(1)

5.5.3 The Half-Life

113

(1)

5.5.4 Decay Probability for a Finite Time Interval

114

(1)

5.5.5 Mean Lifetime

114

(1)

5.5.6 Activity

115

(1)

5.5.7 Half-Life Measurement

115

(1)

5.5.8 Decay by Competing Processes

116

(1)

5.6 Decay Dynamics

117

(6)

5.6.1 Decay with Production

117

(1)

5.6.2 Three Component Decay Chains

118

(4)

5.6.3 General Decay Chain

122

(1)

5.7 Naturally Occurring Radionuclides

123

(5)

5.7.1 Cosmogenic Radionuclides

123

(1)

5.7.2 Singly Occurring Primordial Radionuclides

124

(1)

5.7.3 Decay Series of Primordial Origin

124

(1)

5.7.4 Secular Equilibrium

125

(3)

5.8 Radiodating

128

(3)

5.8.1 Measuring the Decay of a Parent

128

(1)

5.8.2 Measuring the Buildup of a Stable Daughter

129

(2)

5.9 Radioactive Decay Data

131

(5)

6 Binary Nuclear Reactions

136

(42)

6.1 Types of Binary Reactions

137

(1)

6.1.1 The Compound Nucleus

137

(1)

6.2 Kinematics of Binary Two-Product Nuclear Reactions

138

(4)

6.2.1 Energy/Mass Conservation

139

(1)

6.2.2 Conservation of Energy and Linear Momentum

139

(3)

6.3 Reaction Threshold Energy

142

(3)

6.3.1 Kinematic Threshold

142

(1)

6.3.2 Coulomb Barrier Threshold

143

(1)

6.3.3 Overall Threshold Energy

144

(1)

6.4 Applications of Binary Kinematics

145

(2)

6.4.1 A Neutron Detection Reaction

145

(1)

6.4.2 A Neutron Production Reaction

146

(1)

6.4.3 Heavy Particle Scattering from an Electron

146

(1)

6.5 Reactions Involving Neutrons

147

(6)

6.5.1 Neutron Scattering

147

(3)

6.5.2 Neutron Capture Reactions

150

(1)

6.5.3 Fission Reactions

150

(3)

6.6 Characteristics of the Fission Reaction

153

(10)

6.6.1 Fission Products

154

(3)

6.6.2 Neutron Emission in Fission

157

(3)

6.6.3 Energy Released in Fission

160

(3)

6.7 Fusion Reactions

163

(15)

6.7.1 Thermonuclear Fusion

163

(3)

6.7.2 Energy Production in Stars

166

(5)

6.7.3 Nucleogenesis

171

(7)

7 Radiation Interactions with Matter

178

(43)

7.1 Attenuation of Neutral Particle Beams

179

(6)

7.1.1 The Linear Interaction Coefficient

180

(1)

7.1.2 Attenuation of Uncollided Radiation

181

(1)

7.1.3 Average Travel Distance Before an Interaction

181

(1)

7.1.4 Half-Thickness

182

(1)

7.1.5 Scattered Radiation

183

(1)

7.1.6 Microscopic Cross Sections

183

(2)

7.2 Calculation of Radiation Interaction Rates

185

(6)

7.2.1 Flux Density

185

(1)

7.2.2 Reaction-Rate Density

186

(1)

7.2.3 Generalization to Energy- and Time-Dependent Situations

186

(1)

7.2.4 Radiation Fluence

187

(1)

7.2.5 Uncollided Flux Density from an Isotropic Point Source

188

(3)

7.3 Photon Interactions

191

(5)

7.3.1 Photoelectric Effect

192

(1)

7.3.2 Compton Scattering

192

(2)

7.3.3 Pair Production

194

(1)

7.3.4 Photon Attenuation Coefficients

195

(1)

7.4 Neutron Interactions

196

(9)

7.4.1 Classification of Types of Interactions

198

(7)

7.4.2 Fission Cross Sections

205

(1)

7.5 Attenuation of Charged Particles

205

(16)

7.5.1 Interaction Mechanisms

205

(2)

7.5.2 Particle Range

207

(2)

7.5.3 Stopping Power

209

(3)

7.5.4 Estimating Charged-Particle Ranges

212

(9)

8 Detection and Measurement of Radiation

221

(49)

8.1 Gas-Filled Detectors

222

(14)

8.1.1 General Operation

222

(3)

8.1.2 Ion Chambers

225

(3)

8.1.3 Proportional Counters

228

(6)

8.1.4 Geiger-Muller Counters

234

(2)

8.2 Scintillation Detectors

236

(11)

8.2.1 Inorganic Scintillators

237

(4)

8.2.2 Organic Scintillators

241

(3)

8.2.3 Light Collection

244

(3)

8.3 Semiconductor Detectors

247

(7)

8.3.1 Ge Detectors

249

(2)

8.3.2 Si Detectors

251

(2)

8.3.3 Compound Semiconductor Detectors

253

(1)

8.4 Personal Dosimeters

254

(2)

8.4.1 Photographic Film

254

(1)

8.4.2 Pocket Ion Chambers

254

(1)

8.4.3 TLDs and OSLs

255

(1)

8.5 Other Interesting Detectors

256

(3)

8.5.1 Cloud Chambers, Bubble Chambers, and Superheated Drop Detectors

256

(1)

8.5.2 Cryogenic Detectors

257

(1)

8.5.3 AMANDA and IceCube

258

(1)

8.6 Measurement Theory

259

(3)

8.6.1 Types of Measurement Uncertainties

259

(1)

8.6.2 Uncertainty Assignment Based Upon Counting Statistics

259

(3)

8.6.3 Dead Time

262

(1)

8.7 Detection Equipment

262

(8)

8.7.1 Power Supply

264

(1)

8.7.2 Preamplifier

265

(1)

8.7.3 Amplifier

265

(1)

8.7.4 Oscilloscope

265

(1)

8.7.5 Discriminator/Single Channel Analyzer

266

(1)

8.7.6 Counter/Timer

266

(1)

8.7.7 Multichannel Analyzer

266

(1)

8.7.8 Pulser

267

(1)

8.7.9 Other NIM Components

267

(3)

9 Radiation Doses and Hazard Assessment

270

(51)

9.1 Historical Roots

270

(2)

9.2 Dosimetric Quantities

272

(10)

9.2.1 Energy Imparted to the Medium

273

(1)

9.2.2 Absorbed Dose

274

(1)

9.2.3 Kerma

274

(1)

9.2.4 Calculating Kerma and Absorbed Doses

274

(3)

9.2.5 Exposure

277

(1)

9.2.6 Relative Biological Effectiveness

278

(1)

9.2.7 Dose Equivalent

279

(1)

9.2.8 Quality Factor

279

(1)

9.2.9 Effective Dose Equivalent

280

(1)

9.2.10 Effective Dose

281

(1)

9.3 Doses from Ingested Radionuclides

282

(3)

9.3.1 Committed Dose Equivalent

283

(1)

9.3.2 The General Method for Internal Dose Evaluation

283

(1)

9.3.3 The ICRP Model

284

(1)

9.4 Natural Exposures for Humans

285

(3)

9.5 Health Effects from Large Acute Doses

288

(6)

9.5.1 Effects on Individual Cells

289

(1)

9.5.2 Deterministic Effects in Organs and Tissues

289

(3)

9.5.3 Potentially Lethal Exposure to Low-LET Radiation

292

(2)

9.6 Hereditary Effects

294

(3)

9.6.1 Classification of Genetic Effects

294

(1)

9.6.2 Summary of Risk Estimates

295

(2)

9.7 Cancer Risks from Radiation Exposures

297

(6)

9.7.1 Estimating Radiogenic Cancer Risks

299

(1)

9.7.2 Dose-Response Models for Cancer

300

(1)

9.7.3 Average Cancer Risks for Exposed Populations

301

(1)

9.7.4 Probability of Causation Calculations

301

(2)

9.8 Radon and Lung Cancer Risks

303

(4)

9.8.1 Radon Activity Concentrations

305

(1)

9.8.2 Lung Cancer Risks

306

(1)

9.9 Radiation Protection Standards

307

(4)

9.9.1 Risk-Related Dose Limits

308

(1)

9.9.2 The 1987 NCRP Exposure Limits

309

(2)

9.10 Radiation Hormesis

311

(10)

9.10.1 A Hormetic Dose-Effect Model

312

(1)

9.10.2 Evidence for Hormesis

313

(2)

9.10.3 Is the LNT Model Doomed?

315

(6)

10 Principles of Nuclear Reactors

321

(49)

10.1 Neutron Moderation

322

(1)

10.2 Thermal Neutrons

322

(1)

10.3 Thermal-Neutron Properties of Fuels

323

(1)

10.4 The Neutron Life Cycle in a Thermal Reactor

324

(10)

10.4.1 Quantification of the Neutron Cycle

325

(6)

10.4.2 Effective Multiplication Factor

331

(3)

10.5 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Cores

334

(3)

10.6 Reflectors

337

(2)

10.7 Reactor Kinetics

339

(9)

10.7.1 A Simple Reactor Kinetics Model

339

(1)

10.7.2 Delayed Neutrons

340

(1)

10.7.3 Reactivity and Delta-k

341

(1)

10.7.4 Revised Simplified Reactor Kinetics Models

342

(2)

10.7.5 Power Transients Following a Reactivity Insertion

344

(4)

10.8 Reactivity Feedback

348

(3)

10.8.1 Feedback Caused by Isotopic Changes

348

(1)

10.8.2 Feedback Caused by Temperature Changes

349

(2)

10.9 Fission Product Poisons

351

(5)

10.9.1 Xenon Poisoning

351

(4)

10.9.2 Samarium Poisoning

355

(1)

10.10 Addendum 1: The Diffusion Equation

356

(6)

10.10.1 An Example Fixed-Source Problem

359

(1)

10.10.2 An Example Criticality Problem

360

(1)

10.10.3 More Detailed Neutron-Field Descriptions

361

(1)

10.11 Addendum 2: Kinetic Model with Delayed Neutrons

362

(2)

10.12 Addendum 3: Solution for a Step Reactivity Insertion

364

(6)

11 Nuclear Power

370

(59)

11.1 Nuclear Electric Power

370

(8)

11.1.1 Electricity from Thermal Energy

371

(1)

11.1.2 Conversion Efficiency

371

(2)

11.1.3 Some Typical Power Reactors

373

(3)

11.1.4 Coolant Limitations

376

(1)

11.1.5 Industrial Infrastructure

376

(1)

11.1.6 Evolution of Nuclear Power Reactors

377

(1)

11.2 Generation II Pressurized Water Reactors

378

(7)

11.2.1 The Steam Cycle of a PWR

378

(1)

11.2.2 Major Components of a PWR

378

(7)

11.3 Generation II Boiling Water Reactors

385

(5)

11.3.1 The Steam Cycle of a BWR

385

(1)

11.3.2 Major Components of a BWR

385

(5)

11.4 Generation III Nuclear Reactor Designs

390

(5)

11.4.1 The ABWR and ESBWR Designs

390

(2)

11.4.2 The System 80+ Design

392

(1)

11.4.3 AP600 and AP1000 Designs

392

(1)

11.4.4 Other Evolutionary LWR Designs

393

(1)

11.4.5 Heavy Water Reactors

394

(1)

11.4.6 Gas-Cooled Reactors

394

(1)

11.4.7 Liquid-Metal Fast-Breeder Reactors

395

(1)

11.5 Generation IV Nuclear Reactor Designs

395

(6)

11.5.1 Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactors

397

(1)

11.5.2 Lead-Cooled Fast Reactors

398

(1)

11.5.3 Molten-Salt Reactors

399

(1)

11.5.4 Gas-Cooled Fast Reactors

399

(1)

11.5.5 Very High-Temperature Fast Reactors

399

(1)

11.5.6 Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors

400

(1)

11.5.7 The GEN IV International Forum

400

(1)

11.6 Other Advanced Reactor Concepts

401

(9)

11.7 The Nuclear Fuel Cycle

410

(10)

11.7.1 Uranium Requirements and Availability

412

(1)

11.7.2 Enrichment Techniques

413

(2)

11.7.3 Radioactive Waste

415

(1)

11.7.4 Spent Fuel

416

(4)

11.8 Nuclear Propulsion

420

(9)

11.8.1 Naval Applications

420

(1)

11.8.2 Other Marine Applications

421

(1)

11.8.3 Nuclear Propulsion in Space

422

(7)

12 Fusion Reactors and Other Conversion Devices

429

(47)

12.1 Fusion Reactors

429

(3)

12.1.1 Energy Production in Plasmas

430

(2)

12.2 Magnetically Confined Fusion (MCF)

432

(8)

12.2.1 Fusion Energy Gain Factor

432

(1)

12.2.2 Confinement Times

433

(1)

12.2.3 Triple Product Figure-of-Merit

434

(1)

12.2.4 Plasma Heating

435

(1)

12.2.5 History of Magnetically Confined Fusion Reactors

436

(1)

12.2.6 The ITER Fusion Reactor

437

(3)

12.3 Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)

440

(4)

12.3.1 History of ICF

441

(2)

12.3.2 ICF Technical Problems

443

(1)

12.4 Other Fusion Machines

444

(5)

12.4.1 The Z Machine

444

(1)

12.4.2 The Spherical Tokamak

445

(1)

12.4.3 Revival of the Stellarator

446

(1)

12.4.4 Prospects for Commercial Fusion Power

447

(2)

12.5 Thermoelectric Generators

449

(3)

12.5.1 Radionuclide Thermoelectric Generators

450

(2)

12.6 Thermionic Electrical Generators

452

(7)

12.6.1 Conversion Efficiency

456

(2)

12.6.2 In-Pile Thermionic Generator

458

(1)

12.7 AMTEC Conversion

459

(2)

12.8 Stirling Converters

461

(2)

12.9 Direct Conversion of Nuclear Radiation

463

(2)

12.9.1 Types of Nuclear Radiation Conversion Devices

463

(1)

12.9.2 Betavoltaic Batteries

464

(1)

12.10 Radioisotopes for Thermal Power Sources

465

(2)

12.11 Space Reactors

467

(9)

12.11.1 The U.S. Space Reactor Program

467

(1)

12.11.2 The Russian Space Reactor Program

468

(8)

13 Nuclear Technology in Industry and Research

476

(35)

13.1 Production of Radioisotopes

476

(1)

13.2 Industrial and Research Uses of Radioisotopes and Radiation

477

(2)

13.3 Tracer Applications

479

(3)

13.3.1 Leak Detection

479

(1)

13.3.2 Pipeline Interfaces

480

(1)

13.3.3 Flow Patterns

480

(1)

13.3.4 Flow Rate Measurements

480

(1)

13.3.5 Labeled Reagents

481

(1)

13.3.6 Tracer Dilution

481

(1)

13.3.7 Wear Analyses

481

(1)

13.3.8 Mixing Times

481

(1)

13.3.9 Residence Times

482

(1)

13.3.10 Frequency Response

482

(1)

13.3.11 Surface Temperature Measurements

482

(1)

13.3.12 Radiodating

482

(1)

13.4 Materials Affect Radiation

482

(10)

13.4.1 Radiography

482

(3)

13.4.2 Thickness Gauging

485

(1)

13.4.3 Density Gauges

486

(1)

13.4.4 Level Gauges

487

(1)

13.4.5 Radiation Absorptiometry

487

(1)

13.4.6 Oil-Well Logging

488

(1)

13.4.7 Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA)

488

(1)

13.4.8 Neutron Capture-Gamma Ray Analysis

489

(1)

13.4.9 X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

489

(2)

13.4.10 Proton Induced Gamma-Ray Emission (PIGE)

491

(1)

13.4.11 Molecular Structure Determination

491

(1)

13.4.12 Smoke Detectors

491

(1)

13.5 Radiation Affects Materials

492

(2)

13.5.1 Food Preservation

492

(1)

13.5.2 Sterilization

492

(1)

13.5.3 Insect Control

493

(1)

13.5.4 Polymer Modification

493

(1)

13.5.5 Biological Mutation Studies

493

(1)

13.5.6 Chemonuclear Processing

493

(1)

13.6 Particle Accelerators

494

(17)

13.6.1 Cockcroft-Walton Accelerator

494

(1)

13.6.2 Van de Graaff Accelerator

495

(2)

13.6.3 Linear Accelerators

497

(2)

13.6.4 The Cyclotron

499

(2)

13.6.5 The Synchrocyclotron and the Isochronous Cyclotron

501

(1)

13.6.6 Proton Synchrotrons

502

(2)

13.6.7 Betatron

504

(7)

14 Medical Applications of Nuclear Technology

511

(44)

14.1 Diagnostic Imaging

513

(23)

14.1.1 X-Ray Projection Imaging

513

(5)

14.1.2 Fluoroscopy

518

(1)

14.1.3 Mammography

519

(1)

14.1.4 Bone Densitometry

519

(1)

14.1.5 X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT)

520

(6)

14.1.6 CT Detector Technology

526

(1)

14.1.7 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

526

(3)

14.1.8 Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

529

(5)

14.1.9 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

534

(2)

14.2 Radioimmunoassay

536

(2)

14.3 Diagnostic Radiotracers

538

(1)

14.4 Radioimmunoscintigraphy

539

(1)

14.5 Radiation Therapy

540

(15)

14.5.1 Early Applications

540

(2)

14.5.2 Early Teletherapy

542

(1)

14.5.3 Accelerator Based Teletherapy

542

(1)

14.5.4 Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (CRT)

542

(2)

14.5.5 Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy

544

(1)

14.5.6 Electron Beam Therapy

544

(1)

14.5.7 Proton Beam Therapy

545

(2)

14.5.8 Stereotactic Radiation Therapy

547

(1)

14.5.9 Clinical Brachytherapy

547

(2)

14.5.10 Radionuclide Therapy

549

(1)

14.5.11 Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

549

(6)

A Fundamental Atomic Data

555

(15)

B Atomic Mass Table

570

(18)

C Cross Sections and Related Data

588

(8)

D Decay Characteristics of Selected Radionuclides

596

J. Kenneth Shultis is a professor of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering at Kansas State University in Manhattan, Kansas, where he holds the Black and Veatch Distinguished Professorship. Dr. Shultis received his BASC degree from the University of Toronto, and his MS and PhD degrees in Nuclear Science and Engineering from the University of Michigan. Prior to joining the faculty at Kansas State University he spent a year at the Mathematics Institute of the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. He is the author of five books in the areas of radiation protection and nuclear science and engineering, a Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, and recipient of the ASCs Rockwell Lifetime Achievement Award.

Richard E. Faw is an Emeritus Professor in the Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering department, Kansas State University, where he taught from 1962 to 2000. He received his PhD, in Chemical Engineering, from the University of Minnesota. Dr. Faw currently resides in North Carolina. He is also a Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, and recipient of their Rockwell Lifetime Achievement Award for the work he and Dr. Shultis have done in the field of radiation shielding.

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