Fundamentals of Patient Assessment for Paramedics [Pehme köide]

List of Contributors xiii

Preface xv

Acknowledgments xvii

Contributors xix

Chapter 1 The principles of paramedic patient assessment 1

Justin Honey-Jones, Jonathan Todd, and Sharmila Francis

Introduction 1

Consent 2

Primary survey 4

Red flags 27

Conclusion 28

Glossary 28

References 29

Further reading 30

Chapter 2 Critical thinking and clinical decision-making 33

Dawn Ball and James Wilkinson

Introduction 34

Application of critical thinking to patient assessment 34

Theoretical models of critical thinking 34

Using evidence-based practice to enhance critical thinking 35

Evaluating and improving critical thinking and decision-making skills 37

Human factors and barriers to clinical decision-making 38

Conclusion 40

Multiple choice questions 41

References 42

Further reading 42

Chapter 3 Respiratory assessment 43

Christine Findlay and Kylie Kendrick

Introduction 43

Anatomy and physiology 44

Patient assessment 50

Respiratory assessment 50

Family/social history 54

Medications 54

Palpation 55

Percussion 55

Auscultation 56

Clinical decision-making tools 57

Conclusion 63

Multiple choice questions 63

Glossary 64

References 64

Further reading 65

Chapter 4 Respiratory conditions 67

Kylie Kendrick and Christine Findlay

Introduction 67

Common respiratory conditions 68

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 70

Acute pulmonary oedema 73

Pulmonary embolism 75

Foreign body airway obstruction 78

Spontaneous Pneumothorax 79

Conclusion 81

Multiple choice questions 81

Glossary 82

References 83

Further reading 84

Chapter 5 Cardiovascular assessment 85

Samantha Sweet

Introduction 85

Conclusion 96

Multiple choice questions 96

Glossary 97

References 97

Further reading 98

Chapter 6 Cardiovascular conditions 99

Samantha Sweet

Introduction 99

Specific conditions 100

Conclusion 107

Multiple choice questions 107

Glossary 108

References 108

Further reading 109

Chapter 7 Gastrointestinal/genitourinary conditions 111

Anthony Kitchener

Introduction 111

Acute cholecystitis 113

Acute pancreatitis 114

Appendicitis 115

Constipation 116

Diverticular disease 117

Gastritis 117

Hepatitis 118

Inflammatory bowel disease 119

Ischaemic bowel and intestinal obstruction 120

Torsion (Testes or ovaries) 121

Renal or ureteric colic 122

Multiple choice questions 123

Glossary 124

References 124

Further reading 125

Chapter 8 The gastrointestinal assessment 127

Andrew Preece

Introduction 127

Patient assessment 128

Case studies 139

Conclusion 140

Multiple choice questions 140

Glossary 141

References 141

Further reading 142

Chapter 9 The neurological assessment 143

James Wilkinson and Samantha Dalton

Introduction 143

Patient assessment 146

History taking for the neurological system 150

Discharge on scene advice 156

Conclusion 157

Multiple choice questions 158

Glossary 158

References 159

Further reading 159

Chapter 10 Neurological conditions 161

Barry Murphy -Jones

Introduction 161

Stroke 162

Epidemiology 162

Pathophysiology 163

Epidemiology 166

Pathophysiology 166

Pathophysiology 167

Treatment 168

Headaches 168

Epidemiology 168

Pathophysiology 168

Pathophysiology 169

Acute Behavioural Disturbances 170

Pathophysiology 170

Learning events 171

Conclusion 172

Multiple choice questions 172

Glossary 173

References 173

Further reading 174

Chapter 11 Musculoskeletal assessment 175

Patrick Moloney

Introduction 175

Patient assessment 176

History 178

Conclusion 186

Multiple choice questions 186

Glossary 187

References 187

Further reading 188

Chapter 12 Musculoskeletal conditions 189

Patrick Moloney

Introduction 189

Specific conditions 192

Management 195

Colles fracture 195

Septic arthritis 196

Lumbar radiculopathy (lower back nerve pain) 199

Conclusion 201

Multiple choice questions 202

Glossary 203

References 203

Further reading 204

Chapter 13 Trauma assessment 205

Joseph Steer

Introduction 205

Patient assessment 207

Primary survey 210

Catastrophic haemorrhage 212

Conclusion 223

Multiple choice questions 223

Glossary 224

References 224

Further reading 225

Chapter 14 Traumatic injuries and conditions 227

Thomas Strudwick

Introduction 227

Head trauma 228

Spinal injury 230

Thoracic trauma 234

Abdominal trauma 237

Pelvic trauma 240

Limb trauma 241

Traumatic cardiac arrest 246

Conclusion 249

Multiple choice questions 249

Glossary 250

References 250

Further reading 253

Chapter 15 The paediatric assessment 255

Will Broughton

Introduction 255

Paediatric specific primary survey (DRCABCDE) 256

Summary 257

Summary 260

Summary and plan 264

Conclusion 268

Multiple choice questions 268

Glossary 269

References 269

Further reading 269

Multiple choice questions 268

Glossary 269

References 269

Further reading 269

Chapter 16 Paediatric conditions 271

Keith Bromwich

Introduction 271

Ears and throat 272

Sore throat 273

Cough (General) 277

Management additional specific 283

Conclusion 285

Multiple choice questions 285

Glossary 286

References 286

Chapter 17 Obstetric assessment 289

Fiona Scarlett

Introduction 289

Physiological changes in pregnancy 290

The structured approach to patient assessment 291

Position 292

Fundus 295

Clinical decision-making tools 298

Case studies 301

Conclusion 304

Multiple choice questions 305

Glossary 305

References 306

Further reading 307

Chapter 18 Maternal conditions 309

Helen McAdam

Introduction 309

Maternal conditions (including obstetric emergencies) 310

Placental abruption 315

Placental praevia 317

General management of pregnancy loss 321

Conclusion 324

Multiple choice questions 324

Glossary 325

References 326

Further reading 326

Chapter 19 Newborn assessment 327

Helen McAdam

Introduction 327

Neonatal assessment 328

Pre-hospital

newborn assessment 330

Newborn pathophysiology 331

Clinical decision-making

tools 337

Conclusion 340

Multiple choice questions 340

Glossary 341

References 341

Further reading 342

Chapter 20 The older person assessment 343

Kieran Robinson

Introduction 343

Primary survey 343

History taking 345

Advanced care planning 347

Conclusion 352

Multiple choice questions 353

Glossary 354

References 355

Further reading 356

Chapter 21 Older Person Conditions 357

Cole Tideswell

Introduction 357

Multiple choice questions 374

References 375

Chapter 22 End of Life Care and Palliative Assessment 377

Graham Turner and Caroline Phillips

Introduction 378

The pill box 382

Clinical decision-making tools 383

The Sepsis Screening Tool 383

Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT) 383

Conclusion 384

Multiple choice questions 384

Glossary 385

References 386

Further reading 386

Chapter 23 Palliative Emergencies and Conditions 387

Andrew Hichisson and James Roberts

Introduction 387

Specific conditions 388

Spinal cord compression 389

Gastrointestinal complaints 392

Pain 393

Agitation 396

Haemorrhage 397

End of life 398

Family/Carer distress 399

Conclusion 399

Multiple choice questions 399

Glossary 400

References 401

Further reading 402

Chapter 24 Assessment of mental health in paramedic practice 403

Katie Pavoni

Introduction 404

Take note 415

Conclusion 415

Glossary 417

Multiple choice questions 417

References 418

Further reading 419

Chapter 25 Mental health and neurodivergent conditions 421

Justin Honey-Jones

Introduction 422

Neurodivergent conditions 423

Mental health conditions 424

Anxiety disorders 424

Depression 427

Bipolar disorder 428

Post-traumatic

stress disorder (PTSD) 429

Schizophrenia 430

Eating disorders 430

Binge eating disorder 431

Reasonable adjustments 433

Conclusion 434

Glossary 435

References 436

Further reading 437

Index 000

Justin Honey-Jones is a Specialist Lecturer Practitioner (Paramedic) at East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, a Forensic Paramedic with Essex Police, and an Associate Lecturer in Paramedic Science at Anglia Ruskin University. His clinical career begun as a combat medical technician with the British Army Reserves, and he qualified as a paramedic in 2014 with the London Ambulance Service NHS.