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Fundamentals of Thermodynamics [Kõva köide]

(IIT Madras, India), (McGill University, Montreal, Canada)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 148 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 371 g, 3 Tables, black and white; 36 Line drawings, black and white; 36 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Jan-2022
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1032123125
  • ISBN-13: 9781032123127
Teised raamatud teemal:
Fundamentals of ThermodynamicsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 148 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 371 g, 3 Tables, black and white; 36 Line drawings, black and white; 36 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Jan-2022
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1032123125
  • ISBN-13: 9781032123127
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781032123127.html
Märksõnad:
A concise treatment of the fundamentals of thermodynamics is presented in this book. In particular, emphasis is placed on discussions of the second law, a unique feature of thermodynamics, which states the limitations of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy. The entropy function that permits the loss in the potential of a real thermodynamic process to be assessed, the maximum possible work in a process, and irreversibility and equilibrium are deduced from the law through physical and intuitive considerations. They are applicable in mitigating waste heat and are useful for solving energy, power, propulsion and climate-related issues.

The treatment is not restricted to properties and functions of ideal gases. The ideal gas assumption is invoked as a limiting case. Reversible paths between equilibrium states are obtained using reversible heat engines and reversible heat pumps between environment and systems to determine the entropy changes and the maximum work. The conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium comprising mechanical, thermal, chemical and phase equilibrium are addressed and the species formed at equilibrium in a chemical reaction at a given temperature and pressure are obtained. The molecular basis for the laws of thermodynamics, temperature, internal energy changes, entropy, reversibility and equilibrium are briefly discussed.

The book serves as a reference for undergraduate and graduate students alongside thermodynamics textbooks.
Symbols ix
Preface xiii
Authors xv
Chapter 1 Fundamental Concepts
1(8)
1.1 System and Environment
1(1)
1.2 State of a System
1(1)
1.3 Simple Systems
1(1)
1.4 Mass, Molecular Mass and Moles in a System
2(1)
1.5 Intensive Variables Defining a System
3(3)
1.5.1 Pressure
3(1)
1.5.2 Temperature
3(1)
1.5.2.1 Empirical Temperature θ
4(1)
1.5.2.2 Absolute Temperature T
5(1)
1.5.2.3 Temperature in K and °C
5(1)
1.6 State of a System: State Variables/Thermodynamic Properties
6(1)
1.7 Change of State of a System: Quasi-Static, Reversible and Cyclic Processes
6(3)
1.7.1 Quasi-Static Process
6(1)
1.7.2 Reversible Process
7(1)
1.7.3 Cyclic Process: Efficiency and Coefficient of Performance
7(2)
Chapter 2 Equation of State
9(10)
2.1 Introduction
9(1)
2.2 Equation of State for an Ideal Gas
9(2)
2.3 Equations of State for Real Gases
11(5)
2.3.1 Virial Equation of State
11(2)
2.3.2 Van der Waal's Equation of State
13(1)
2.3.3 Berthelot and Dieterici Equations of State
14(1)
2.3.4 Redlich--Kwong Equation of State
15(1)
2.4 Compressibility Factor and Generalized Compressibility Chart
16(1)
2.5 Mixture of Ideal Gases
17(2)
Chapter 3 First Law of Thermodynamics
19(12)
3.1 Statement of the First Law
19(1)
3.2 Internal Energy and Adiabatic Work
19(1)
3.3 Heat
20(1)
3.4 Heat Capacity of a System
21(3)
3.4.1 Heat Capacity at Constant Volume
21(1)
3.4.2 Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure
22(1)
3.4.3 Relation between Heat Capacities
23(1)
3.4.4 Specific Heats
23(1)
3.5 Internal Energy and Enthalpy for an Ideal Gas
24(1)
3.6 Experimental Verification of Dependence of Internal Energy on Temperature, Specific Volume and Pressure
24(2)
3.7 Experimental Verification of Enthalpy to Be Independent of Pressure for an Ideal Gas
26(1)
3.8 First Law Applied to Open Systems
26(5)
Chapter 4 Second Law of Thermodynamics
31(14)
4.1 Statements of the Second Law
31(1)
4.2 Equivalence of Kelvin-Plank and Clausius Statements
31(1)
4.3 Carnot's Principle
32(2)
4.3.1 Efficiencies of Reversible Engines
33(1)
4.4 Heat Transfer and Temperature
34(2)
4.5 Thermodynamic Temperature
36(3)
4.5.1 Efficiency of Reversible Engine Depends on Temperature of Both Reservoirs
37(1)
4.5.2 Thermodynamic Temperature Ratios
37(1)
4.5.3 Thermodynamic or Absolute Temperature Scale
38(1)
4.6 Clausius Inequality
39(2)
4.7 Entropy
41(4)
4.7.1 Entropy Statement of the Second Law
41(1)
4.7.2 Equivalence of Entropy Statement of Second Law and Clausius and Kelvin-Plank Statements
42(3)
Chapter 5 Entropy
45(10)
5.1 Entropy between Two States
45(1)
5.2 Path Independence
45(3)
5.3 Generalized Expression for Entropy Change
48(6)
5.3.1 Entropy from Internal Energy Changes: (Variables T and V)
49(1)
5.3.2 Entropy from Enthalpy Changes: (Variables p and f)
50(2)
5.3.3 Entropy Changes as a Function of Heat Capacities: (Variables p and V)
52(2)
5.4 Entropy Changes for an Ideal Gas
54(1)
Chapter 6 Reversible Work, Availability and Irreversibility
55(16)
6.1 Reversible Work
55(1)
6.2 Work from Different Reversible Paths between Two States
56(3)
6.3 Reversible Work of a System Interacting with Environment: Availability Φ
59(2)
6.4 Reversible Work of a System Interacting with Reservoir and Environment
61(1)
6.5 Reversible Work When System Changes Its Volume
62(1)
6.6 Irreversibility of a System Undergoing a Process
63(1)
6.7 Two Examples Illustrating Irreversibility
64(4)
6.7.1 Expansion of an Ideal Gas into Vacuum
64(2)
6.7.2 Cooling of a Cup of Hot Coffee
66(2)
6.8 Irreversibility in Open Systems
68(3)
Chapter 7 Thermodynamic State Functions
71(24)
7.1 Introduction
71(1)
7.2 State Functions
71(4)
7.2.1 Internal Energy
71(1)
7.2.2 Entropy
71(1)
7.2.3 Enthalpy
72(1)
7.2.4 Helmholtz- and Gibbs-Free Energies
73(1)
7.2.5 Summary of Relationships between State Properties
74(1)
7.3 Derivation of State Functions using the Legendre Transform
75(1)
7.4 Maxwell's Relationships for State Variables
76(1)
7.5 Thermodynamic Potentials and Forces
77(1)
7.6 Determination of State Functions
78(8)
7.6.1 Internal Energy
78(4)
7.6.2 Enthalpy
82(2)
7.6.3 Entropy
84(2)
7.7 Thermodynamic Functions for Dense Gases
86(4)
7.8 Generalized Enthalpy and Entropy Charts
90(5)
Chapter 8 Thermodynamic Coefficients and Specific Heats
95(10)
8.1 Thermodynamic Coefficients
95(2)
8.1.1 Coefficient of Volume Expansion
95(1)
8.1.2 Isothermal and Isentropic Compressibility
95(1)
8.1.3 Pressure Coefficient
96(1)
8.1.4 Relationships among the Coefficients
96(1)
8.2 Specific Heats
97(4)
8.2.1 Specific Heats at Constant Pressure cp and Constant Volume cv
97(2)
8.2.2 Ratio of Specific Heats
99(1)
8.2.3 Variation of Specific Heats cv and cp with Specific Volume v and Pressure p
100(1)
8.3 Joule Thomson Coefficient
101(2)
8.4 Thermodynamic Coefficients for Dense Gases
103(2)
Chapter 9 Thermodynamic Equilibrium
105(12)
9.1 Introduction
105(1)
9.2 Equilibrium Criterion
105(3)
9.3 Thermal Equilibrium
108(2)
9.4 Mechanical Equilibrium
110(1)
9.5 Equilibrium with Mass Exchange
111(1)
9.6 Chemical Potential
112(5)
Chapter 10 Equilibrium of Species in a Chemically Reacting System
117(14)
10.1 Introduction
117(1)
10.2 Choice of Basic Datum for the State Functions and Heat of Formation
117(2)
10.3 Entropy of the Species in a Chemical Reaction: Third Law of Thermodynamics
119(1)
10.4 Enthalpy Changes
119(1)
10.5 Product Species in a Chemical Reaction at a Given Temperature and Pressure
119(4)
10.6 Example of Determining Equilibrium Composition
123(2)
10.7 Chemical Equilibrium of Species at Given Temperature and Volume
125(1)
10.8 Corrections for Real Gas: Fugacity
125(6)
Chapter 11 Statistical Thermodynamics
131(14)
11.1 Introduction
131(1)
11.2 Distribution of Particles and Their Energy Levels: Bose-Einstein, Fermi-Dirac and Boltzmann Statistics
131(3)
11.3 Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Partition Function
134(4)
11.4 Boltzmann's Formula
138(2)
11.5 Partition Function for a Monoatomic Gas: Internal Energy, Pressure, Equation of State and Entropy of an Ideal Gas
140(1)
11.6 Reversible Heat Transfer, Work and The First Law
141(1)
11.7 Entropy and the Second Law
142(3)
Index 145
Professor John Lee is Emeritus Professor of Mechanical Engineering at McGill University, Montreal. He has been carrying out fundamental and applied research in combustion, detonation, shock-wave physics, and high pressure and temperature phenomenon for the past sixty years. As a consultant, Lee has served on a large number of government and industrial committees not only in Canada but in US and other parts of the world. Among the prizes that he has received are the silver medal from the Combustion Institute (1980), the Dionizy Smolensnki Medal from Polish Academy of Sciences (1988), and the Numa Manson gold medal (1991) for his outstanding contributions to the fundamentals and applied aspects of explosion and detonation phenomenon. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.

Professor K. Ramamurthi completed his Ph. D with Professor John Lee at McGill as a Commonwealth Scholar in 1976. He worked as deputy director in the Indian Space Research Organization and as a professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. His notable contributions to research have been in instability phenomenon, rocket propulsion, and explosion safety. He has been on several national and international committees and panels on propulsion, combustion and shock waves and is chairman of the Combustion, Detonics and Shock Wave (CDSW) Panel of the Defense Research and Development Organization in India. He continues to teach thermodynamics and is an honorary fellow of the High Energy Material Society.