Contributors |
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xix | |
Editor biographies |
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xxiii | |
Preface |
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xxv | |
Acknowledgements |
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xxvii | |
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PART 1 The evolution of Cybercartography |
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Chapter 1 Cybercartography revisited |
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3 | (22) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Part One: The evolution of Cybercartography |
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4 | (2) |
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1.3 The development of the concept of Cybercartography 2002-2014 |
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6 | (10) |
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1.4 Part Two: New applications and international dimensions |
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16 | (3) |
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1.5 Part Three: New approaches to language mapping |
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19 | (1) |
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1.6 Cybercartography redefined |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (4) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (4) |
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Chapter 2 The theory and practice of Cybercartography: An introduction |
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25 | (10) |
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25 | (1) |
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2.2 Why Cybercartography? |
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26 | (1) |
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2.3 Cybercartography and geographic information systems |
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27 | (2) |
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2.4 The Cybercartography and the new economy project |
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29 | (2) |
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2.5 The structure of the book |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (3) |
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33 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Cybercartography: A multimodal approach |
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35 | (20) |
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36 | (1) |
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3.2 Speech and cartographic visualization |
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37 | (3) |
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3.2.1 Advantages and limitations |
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37 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Unimodal applications |
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38 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Multimodal applications |
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38 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Cognitive workload implications |
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39 | (1) |
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3.3 Gesture and cartographic visualization |
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40 | (2) |
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3.3.1 Advantages and limitations |
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40 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Unimodal applications |
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41 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Multimodal applications |
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41 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Cognitive workload implications |
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42 | (1) |
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3.4 Sound and cartographic visualization |
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42 | (4) |
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3.4.1 Advantages and limitations |
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43 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Unimodal applications |
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44 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Multimodal applications |
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45 | (1) |
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3.4.4 Cognitive workload implications |
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45 | (1) |
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3.5 Haptic and cartographic visualization |
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46 | (3) |
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3.5.1 Advantages and limitations |
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47 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Unimodal applications |
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47 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Multimodal applications |
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48 | (1) |
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3.5.4 Cognitive workload implications |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (6) |
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49 | (6) |
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Chapter 4 Some recent developments in the theory and practice of Cybercartography |
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55 | (14) |
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55 | (1) |
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4.2 The elements of Cybercartography |
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56 | (1) |
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4.3 Definition of Cybercartography |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (3) |
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58 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Cybercartography and TK |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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4.5.1 Cybercartography and critical cartography |
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62 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Cybercartography and volunteered geographic information |
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62 | (1) |
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4.5.3 Cybercartography and the individual |
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63 | (1) |
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4.5.4 The holistic nature of cybercartographic theory |
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63 | (1) |
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4.6 New design challenges |
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63 | (1) |
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4.7 Relationships with art and the humanities |
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64 | (1) |
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4.8 Multisensory research |
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64 | (1) |
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4.9 Preservation and archiving |
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65 | (1) |
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4.10 Legal and ethical issues |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (3) |
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67 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Cybercartography and volunteered geographic information |
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69 | (16) |
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69 | (2) |
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5.2 Volunteered geographic information |
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71 | (3) |
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74 | (2) |
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5.4 Synthesis of VGI and Cybercartography |
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76 | (1) |
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5.5 Legal issues with VGI |
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77 | (1) |
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5.6 Intellectual property |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (5) |
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81 | (4) |
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Chapter 6 Exploring Web 2.0 and participatory software for building geolocated narratives |
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85 | (18) |
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85 | (4) |
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6.2 Narratives of `personal geographies' |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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6.4 Building a geolocated narrative |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (4) |
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6.6 Web 2.0 geolocated narrative pilot project |
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95 | (5) |
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100 | (1) |
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6.8 Potential for building geolocated narratives using Web 2.0 and participatory software |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 A spatial typology of cinematographic narratives |
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103 | (14) |
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103 | (1) |
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7.2 The Cybercartographic Atlas of Canadian Cinema: Introduction |
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104 | (1) |
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7.3 The Cybercartographic application to map cinematographic narratives |
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105 | (1) |
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7.4 Towards a spatial typology of cinematographic narratives |
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106 | (7) |
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113 | (4) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Considerations for informed consent in the context of online, interactive, atlas creation |
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117 | (16) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (2) |
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8.3 Consent/ethics history |
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120 | (2) |
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8.4 Research ethics challenges and feedback |
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122 | (8) |
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8.4.1 Research licencing and ethics |
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123 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Research duplication |
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123 | (1) |
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8.4.3 Benefit to community |
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124 | (1) |
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8.4.4 Varying levels of consent |
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125 | (1) |
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8.4.5 Individual vs. collective consent |
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125 | (1) |
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8.4.6 Authorization to provide consent |
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126 | (1) |
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8.4.7 Withdrawal of consent |
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127 | (1) |
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8.4.8 Importance of research relationships in consent |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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8.4.10 Levels of data access, control, and storage |
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128 | (1) |
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8.4.11 Secondary use of data |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (3) |
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130 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Cybercartography and traditional knowledge: Responding to legal and ethical challenges |
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133 | (18) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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9.4 How can TK be represented in Cybercartography? |
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136 | (2) |
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9.5 TK in International law |
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138 | (1) |
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9.6 The legal/normative framework |
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139 | (5) |
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9.6.1 Intellectual property |
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140 | (2) |
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9.6.2 Laws around the sharing of information |
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142 | (1) |
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9.6.3 `Soft' law around TK |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (7) |
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145 | (1) |
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9.7.2 The software platform |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Cybercartography for education |
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151 | (28) |
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10.1 Cybercartography and education: Some theoretical considerations |
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152 | (1) |
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10.2 Cybercartography and education |
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152 | (3) |
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10.2.1 Cybercartography and Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory |
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153 | (1) |
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10.2.2 The importance of content and process |
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154 | (1) |
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10.3 The educational context in Nunavut |
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155 | (4) |
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10.3.1 Evolution of Inuit education |
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155 | (2) |
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10.3.2 Current challenges |
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157 | (1) |
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10.3.3 Integrating cultural and academic learning |
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158 | (1) |
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10.4 The Inuit siku (sea ice) Atlas and high school education in Nunavut |
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159 | (6) |
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10.4.1 Community consultations |
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160 | (1) |
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10.4.2 Elder/youth workshops |
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161 | (2) |
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10.4.3 Integration into Tariuq (oceans) curriculum in Nunavut |
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163 | (1) |
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10.4.4 GN curriculum development |
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163 | (1) |
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10.4.5 Contributions to Tariuq |
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164 | (1) |
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10.5 The Arctic Bay Atlas and community college education in Nunavut |
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165 | (9) |
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10.5.1 Early visions for the Arctic Bay atlas: Documenting traditional Inuit place names |
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166 | (2) |
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10.5.2 Integration of atlas development into Arctic Bay college learning and research activities |
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168 | (1) |
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10.5.3 Conceptualizing and creating the Arctic Bay Atlas |
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169 | (1) |
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10.5.4 Summary of challenges faced |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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10.5.6 Integrating research into the educational programming of NAC |
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171 | (2) |
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10.5.7 Some additional observations |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (5) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (3) |
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Chapter 11 The preservation and archiving of geospatial data and Cybercartography as a proactive preservation process |
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179 | (18) |
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180 | (1) |
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11.2 The rescue and salvage of the CLI |
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180 | (1) |
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11.3 Canadian digital data consultations and studies |
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181 | (5) |
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11.3.1 Legislation, directives, and policies |
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184 | (2) |
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11.4 Canadian geospatial data preservation examples |
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186 | (3) |
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11.4.1 Ontario geographic information archive ministry of natural resources |
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187 | (1) |
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11.4.2 Earth observation data management system, CCRS |
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187 | (1) |
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11.4.3 Integrated science data management, department of fisheries and oceans |
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187 | (1) |
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11.4.4 International polar year data preservation |
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188 | (1) |
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11.5 Establishing a geospatial data preservation system |
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189 | (1) |
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11.5.1 Reference model for an OAIS |
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189 | (1) |
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11.5.2 European LTDP common guidelines |
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189 | (1) |
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11.5.3 TRAC: Criteria and checklist |
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189 | (1) |
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11.6 Cybercartographic atlases as `archives' |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (6) |
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193 | (3) |
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196 | (1) |
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Chapter 12 Conclusion and the future of Cybercartography |
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197 | (8) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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12.3 Cybercartography and spatial data infrastructures |
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199 | (2) |
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12.4 Utilizing geographic information management |
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201 | (1) |
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12.5 Responding to the growing individualization of mapping technologies |
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202 | (1) |
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12.6 Preserving cultural heritage |
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203 | (1) |
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12.7 Scaling up of Cybercartography |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (2) |
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204 | (1) |
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Chapter 13 Developments in the Nunaliit Cybercartographic Atlas Framework |
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205 | (14) |
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205 | (2) |
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13.2 The evolution of Nunaliit |
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207 | (2) |
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13.2.1 Different projects have different data needs |
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207 | (1) |
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13.2.2 Simultaneous local connectivity, Internet availability, and data preservation |
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208 | (1) |
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13.2.3 Contributing content |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (8) |
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13.3.1 Model-driven maps and styling |
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210 | (1) |
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13.3.2 Integration supporting the Garmin InReach communication device for near real-time field data collection |
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211 | (1) |
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13.3.3 New semantic relations |
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212 | (1) |
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13.3.4 Data-driven documents integration |
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213 | (1) |
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13.3.5 Vector feature simplification |
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214 | (1) |
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13.3.6 In-browser multi-media recording |
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215 | (2) |
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13.4 Future development of Nunaliit |
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217 | (2) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (2) |
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Chapter 14 Cybercartography and the critical cartography clan |
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219 | (28) |
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219 | (5) |
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14.1.1 Characterizing the critical cartography clan |
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219 | (2) |
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14.1.2 Expanding the one-two punch repertoire |
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221 | (1) |
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14.1.3 A reflexive family resemblance taxonomic approach |
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222 | (2) |
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14.2 Critical cartography clan traits/characteristics |
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224 | (6) |
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14.2.1 Cartography and geography |
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224 | (1) |
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14.2.2 Cartography and community |
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225 | (1) |
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14.2.3 Cartography and indigenous issues |
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226 | (2) |
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14.2.4 Cartography and concepts |
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228 | (2) |
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14.3 The cybercartographic atlas family |
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230 | (2) |
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14.4 Iterative evolution of the cybercartographic Lake Huron treaty atlas and its progeny, the residential schools land memory atlas |
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232 | (5) |
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14.5 Discussion and conclusion |
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237 | (10) |
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240 | (4) |
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244 | (3) |
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PART 2 International dimensions and new appiications |
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Chapter 15 Storytelling and Cybercartography: The William Commanda story |
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247 | (32) |
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Romola Vasantha Thumbadoo |
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248 | (7) |
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248 | (3) |
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15.1.2 The Circle of All Nations, Ginawadaganuc and bridge building |
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251 | (1) |
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15.1.3 An indigenous discussion of storyteller |
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251 | (1) |
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15.1.4 Contextualizing the discussion of William Commanda's approach to storytelling through a poststructural lens of inquiry |
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252 | (3) |
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15.2 Some key components of the Commanda storytelling discourse |
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255 | (3) |
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255 | (1) |
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15.2.2 Language and semiotics |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (5) |
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15.3.1 Some contemporary storytelling research |
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259 | (4) |
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15.4 Critical cartography, a Mamiwinini mapping story in motion and Cybercartography |
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263 | (5) |
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15.4.1 A critical cartography lens |
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263 | (1) |
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15.4.2 A Mamiwinini mapping story in motion |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (3) |
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15.5 William Commanda in the zone of cybercartographic communication |
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268 | (4) |
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15.5.1 Cybercartography, social media and pedagogy |
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269 | (1) |
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15.5.2 Amalgamating Mamiwinini the nomad and cyber driving, steering and guiding, to animate syntropic wampum agency |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (7) |
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273 | (3) |
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276 | (3) |
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Chapter 16 Cybercartography and the historical geography of Roman Britain |
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279 | (18) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (5) |
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16.2.1 Roman fortification building practices |
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280 | (1) |
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16.2.2 Historical scholarship with spatial technology |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (1) |
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16.2.4 Archaeological applications of remote sensing |
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283 | (2) |
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16.3 Multi-method geomatics approach |
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285 | (5) |
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16.3.1 Cybercartographic atlas: Spatial analysis of Roman Britain |
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285 | (2) |
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16.3.2 GIS and fuzzy set theory site selection analysis |
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287 | (1) |
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16.3.3 Membership functions for Roman fort building factors |
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288 | (1) |
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16.3.4 Remote sensing imagery analysis |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (3) |
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290 | (1) |
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16.4.2 Site selection analysis |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (4) |
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294 | (3) |
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Chapter 17 Digital return of Inuit ethnographic collections using Nunaliit |
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297 | (20) |
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297 | (2) |
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299 | (2) |
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17.3 The expedition and Inuit knowledge |
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301 | (2) |
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17.4 Ethnographic observations as Inuit knowledge |
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303 | (1) |
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17.5 Ethnographic objects as Inuit knowledge |
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304 | (2) |
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17.6 The digital return of Inuit knowledge |
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306 | (2) |
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17.7 The Fifth Thule Expedition Atlas |
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308 | (4) |
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17.8 An ethnographic collections module |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (4) |
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313 | (3) |
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316 | (1) |
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Chapter 18 Cybercartography as a transdisciplinary approach to solve complex environmental problems: A case study of the Kumeyaay Peoples of Baja California and the conservation of oak trees |
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317 | (14) |
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Jorge Alberto Andrade-Sanchez |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (3) |
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18.2.1 Complexity and transdisciplinarity |
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319 | (1) |
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18.2.2 Historical development of the Kumeyaay Peoples and the loss of traditional knowledge |
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320 | (1) |
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18.2.3 Oak forests and their potential loss |
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321 | (1) |
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18.2.4 Participatory mapping, the multidimensionality of traditional knowledge, and the potential of Cybercartography |
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321 | (1) |
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18.3 The transdisciplinary process |
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322 | (2) |
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18.3.1 The artistic input of a photographer |
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322 | (1) |
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18.3.2 Participatory workshop development |
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322 | (1) |
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18.3.3 Participatory research |
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323 | (1) |
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18.3.4 Creation of the atlas |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (2) |
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324 | (1) |
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18.4.2 Cybercartographic atlas: Different perspectives and visions |
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325 | (1) |
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18.4.3 Module: Map of beetles |
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325 | (1) |
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18.4.4 Module: Participatory process |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (5) |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (2) |
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Chapter 19 The territories of indigenous people of Baja California, Mexico: Semiotic dimensions in the study of landscapes |
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331 | (18) |
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M. Margarita Paras Fernandez |
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Martin C. Dominguez Nunez |
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332 | (2) |
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19.1.1 Transdisciplinar and international collaboration in the study of indigenous landscapes of Baja California, Mexico |
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332 | (2) |
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19.2 The geographical and astronomical Pa Ipai Atlas: Fieldwork and research |
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334 | (4) |
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19.2.1 Situation and context of Pa Ipai people |
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334 | (1) |
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19.2.2 Language and oral tradition are fundamental in the transmission of songs and traditional knowledge (TK) |
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334 | (1) |
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19.2.3 Cybercartographic Atlas: First interpretation from a semiotics' point of view |
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335 | (1) |
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19.2.4 Cultural landscapes |
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335 | (2) |
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19.2.5 Fieldwork situation and transformations |
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337 | (1) |
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19.3 A semiotic perspective on Cybercartography for indigenous knowledge communication and mapping |
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338 | (6) |
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19.3.1 Nunaliit Cybercartography Atlas Framework workshops |
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338 | (1) |
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19.3.2 Pa Ipai Atlas and the elicitation of geographical and astronomical knowledge |
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339 | (1) |
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19.3.3 Semiotic reading of the Cybercartographic Atlas tool |
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340 | (4) |
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19.4 Research, community participation and technological tools in the practice of Cybercartography in Mexico |
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344 | (5) |
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19.4.1 The road ahead: Challenges and opportunities |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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Chapter 20 The potential of Cybercartography in Brazil: `A Cybercartographic Atlas for Lencois Maranhenses National Park, state of Maranhao, Brazil' |
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349 | (18) |
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Reinaldo Paul Perez Machado |
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Ulisses Denache Vieira Souza |
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349 | (1) |
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20.2 Special atlases: A short review |
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350 | (2) |
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20.2.1 Concepts and importance |
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351 | (1) |
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20.2.2 Special regional atlases |
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351 | (1) |
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20.3 Cybercartographic Atlas and geotechnologies |
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352 | (1) |
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20.3.1 Cybercartography: Theory and applications |
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352 | (1) |
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20.3.2 The use of geotechnologies |
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352 | (1) |
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20.4 A Cybercartographic Atlas for Lencois Maranhenses |
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353 | (10) |
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20.4.1 The Brazilian coastline: The region of Lencois Maranhenses |
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353 | (2) |
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20.4.2 The environment: Characteristics and access |
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355 | (1) |
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20.4.3 The occupation and diverse uses |
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355 | (2) |
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20.4.4 The socioenvironmental atlas of the region of Lencois Maranhenses |
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357 | (6) |
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20.5 Final remarks: Cybercartography and future applications in Brazil |
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363 | (4) |
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364 | (2) |
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366 | (1) |
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Chapter 21 Cybercartography in Kyrgyzstan: Reforming high mountain pasture governance policy in Naryn province |
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367 | (22) |
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368 | (2) |
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21.2 Learning landscapes in Naryn |
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370 | (1) |
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21.3 Creation of the atlas |
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370 | (5) |
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21.3.1 Adaptations for pasture groups |
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373 | (1) |
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21.3.2 Adaptations for school children |
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374 | (1) |
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21.3.3 Uploading submissions to the atlas |
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374 | (1) |
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21.4 Raising community voices: Finding different pasture uses |
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375 | (2) |
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21.5 Visualizing traditional knowledge |
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377 | (3) |
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21.6 Feedback and forging new connections |
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380 | (2) |
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21.7 Producing an online database |
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382 | (1) |
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21.8 Systemic change: Connecting the atlas to e-governance |
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383 | (6) |
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385 | (4) |
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PART 3 New approaches to language mapping |
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Chapter 22 Linguistic Cybercartography: Expanding the boundaries of language maps |
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389 | (24) |
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22.1 Language maps and atlases |
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389 | (4) |
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22.2 Cybercartography and language mapping |
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393 | (3) |
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22.2.1 Multiple perspectives |
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394 | (1) |
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22.2.2 User-centred approach |
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395 | (1) |
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22.3 Visualization and language mapping |
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396 | (2) |
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22.4 Defining `language map' in two cybercartographic atlases |
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398 | (3) |
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22.5 Language maps in the Atlas of the Inuit Language in Canada |
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401 | (8) |
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402 | (6) |
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408 | (1) |
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22.6 Future of cybercartographic language mapping |
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409 | (4) |
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409 | (1) |
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409 | (3) |
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412 | (1) |
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Chapter 23 Representing complementary user perspectives in a language atlas |
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413 | (28) |
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413 | (2) |
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23.1.1 Structure of this chapter |
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414 | (1) |
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23.2 Mapping language distribution |
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415 | (2) |
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23.2.1 Language maps: Main types and representational considerations |
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415 | (1) |
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23.2.2 Language identification and language classification |
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416 | (1) |
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23.3 Issues in mapping language distribution in Iran |
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417 | (2) |
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23.4 Cybercartography and representation of complementary user perspectives |
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419 | (2) |
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23.5 Complementary user perspectives in the Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI) |
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421 | (12) |
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23.5.1 Featuring of local place names |
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422 | (1) |
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23.5.2 Local perceptions of language distribution |
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423 | (2) |
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23.5.3 A customizable multi-dimensional model of language relationships |
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425 | (4) |
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23.5.4 Systematic application and comparison of perspectives in language distribution maps |
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429 | (2) |
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23.5.5 Comparison of language distribution and linguistic data |
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431 | (2) |
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23.5.6 Moderated contributions and modifications by atlas users |
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433 | (1) |
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433 | (8) |
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434 | (1) |
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434 | (7) |
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Chapter 24 Cybercartography in Indigenous Language Education |
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441 | (20) |
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442 | (3) |
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24.1.1 Community-based transmission |
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442 | (1) |
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24.1.2 The colonial disruption in language transmission |
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442 | (1) |
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24.1.3 A brief history of Indigenous Language Education in Canada |
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443 | (2) |
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24.1.4 Possibilities for strengthening Indigenous Language Education |
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445 | (1) |
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24.2 Indigenous Language Education and the practice of mapmaking |
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445 | (3) |
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24.2.1 Maps and Indigenous societies |
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445 | (1) |
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24.2.2 Interactivity, multimedia, and access over large distances |
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446 | (1) |
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24.2.3 Maps as a means to engage learners of multiple ages |
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447 | (1) |
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24.2.4 The contribution of maps to Indigenous Language Education |
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447 | (1) |
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24.3 Cybercartography and Indigenous Language Education |
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448 | (9) |
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24.3.1 The need for self-determination and autonomy |
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449 | (1) |
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24.3.2 Cybercartography as a means for community voices to be heard |
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449 | (2) |
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24.3.3 The role of linguistic cybercartographic atlases in Indigenous Language Education |
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451 | (4) |
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455 | (2) |
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457 | (4) |
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457 | (3) |
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460 | (1) |
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Chapter 25 Visualizing complex linguistic variation in the Canadian Prairies: Applying the Nunaliit framework |
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461 | (14) |
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461 | (1) |
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25.2 Background to linguistic variation and change |
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462 | (1) |
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25.2.1 Changes in progress |
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462 | (1) |
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25.2.2 Changes through the lifespan |
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463 | (1) |
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463 | (1) |
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463 | (2) |
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25.4 Cybercartography as applied to linguistic variation |
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465 | (6) |
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25.4.1 Cybercartography and Nunaliit |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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466 | (3) |
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25.4.4 Visualizing /æg/-raising using the Nunaliit framework |
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469 | (2) |
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471 | (4) |
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472 | (2) |
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474 | (1) |
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Chapter 26 Mapping Kanyen'keha (Mohawk) ethnophysiographical knowledge |
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475 | (34) |
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Transcription conventions |
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476 | (1) |
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477 | (1) |
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Part I Background and theory |
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477 | (1) |
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26.1 Cartography in linguistics |
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477 | (2) |
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479 | (1) |
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26.3 Indigenous Knowledge |
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480 | (2) |
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26.4 The cybercartographic model |
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482 | (7) |
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26.4.1 Establishing relationships |
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483 | (2) |
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26.4.2 Collaborative input process |
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485 | (1) |
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486 | (2) |
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26.4.4 Emic, etic and combinatory visualization |
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488 | (1) |
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Part II Case study: Mapping Kanyen'keha ethnophysiographical knowledge |
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489 | (1) |
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26.5 Kanyen'keha geographical and historical background |
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490 | (1) |
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26.6 The Kanyen'keha language |
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490 | (4) |
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26.6.1 Morphosyntactic structure |
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491 | (1) |
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492 | (1) |
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493 | (1) |
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26.7 Kanyen'keha ethnophysiography |
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494 | (1) |
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26.8 The place name Kahnawa:ke |
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495 | (1) |
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496 | (4) |
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26.10 Visualization of historic landscape |
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500 | (1) |
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26.11 Emic, etic and combinatory applications |
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501 | (1) |
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502 | (7) |
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502 | (4) |
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506 | (3) |
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CONCLUSION The future of Cybercartography |
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Chapter 27 Some concluding thoughts and directions for the future |
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509 | (6) |
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27.1 What we have learned |
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509 | (2) |
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27.2 New directions for the future |
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511 | (1) |
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512 | (3) |
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513 | (2) |
Index |
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515 | |