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Genetically Modified Crops [Kõva köide]

(Rothamsted Research, Uk)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 124 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Jul-2003
  • Kirjastus: Imperial College Press
  • ISBN-10: 1860943535
  • ISBN-13: 9781860943539
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 124 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Jul-2003
  • Kirjastus: Imperial College Press
  • ISBN-10: 1860943535
  • ISBN-13: 9781860943539
Plant molecular biology came to the fore in the early 1980s and there has been tremendous growth in the subject since then. The study of plant genes and genomes and the development of techniques for the incorporation of novel or modified genes into plants eventually led to the commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops in the mid-1990s. This was seen as the start of a biotechnological revolution in plant breeding. However, plant biotechnology has become one of the hottest debates of the age and, in Europe at least, one of the greatest challenges that plant scientists have ever faced.This book describes the history and development of the science and techniques that underpin plant biotechnology, GM crops that are grown commercially around the world and the new varieties that are being developed. It covers failures as well as successes. The safety record of GM crops is reviewed together with the legislation that has been adopted to cover their use. The book also deals with the concerns of consumers, the GM crop debate and the prospects for the technology.

Arvustused

"A slim volume discussing a large and increasingly important topic, Nigel Halford's book is both concise and comprehensive ... This book will be tremendously valuable for students and for the interested layperson -- highly recommended!" Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

Foreword v
Chapter 1 DNA, Genes, Genomes and Plant Breeding 1(16)
A Brief History of Genetics
1(2)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
3(3)
Genes
6(1)
Gene Expression
7(2)
Genomes
9(1)
Genetic Change
9(1)
Plant Breeding
10(2)
Modern Plant Breeding
12(2)
Wide and Forced Crossing and Embryo Rescue
14(1)
Radiation and Chemical Mutagenesis
15(1)
The Advent of Genetic Modification
16(1)
Chapter 2 The Techniques of Plant Genetic Modification 17(20)
A Brief History of the Development of Recombinant DNA Technology
17(1)
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens
18(2)
Use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Plant Genetic Modification
20(1)
Transformation of Protoplasts
21(1)
Particle Gun
22(2)
Other Direct Gene Transfer Methods
24(1)
Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation without Tissue Culture
25(1)
Selectable Marker Genes
25(4)
Visual/Scoreable Marker Genes
29(1)
Design and Construction of Genes for Introduction into Plants
30(1)
Promoter Types
31(2)
Examples of the Use of GM in Genetic Research
33(4)
Chapter 3 Current and future uses of GM crops in agriculture 37(22)
Why Use GM in Plant Breeding?
37(2)
Slow Ripening Fruit
39(2)
Herbicide Tolerance
41(4)
Insect Resistance
45(2)
Virus Resistance
47(1)
Modified Oil Content
48(2)
Prospects - Crops on the Way
50(1)
Production of Industrial Oils and Pharmaceutical Fatty Acids
50(1)
Vitamin Content
51(2)
Fungal Resistance
53(1)
Salt Tolerance
54(1)
Edible Vaccines
55(1)
Antibody Production in Plants
56(1)
Removal of Allergens
56(3)
Chapter 4 Legislation Covering GM Crops and Foods 59(20)
Safety of GM Plants Grown in Containment
59(2)
Safety of Field Releases of GM Plants
61(3)
Safety of GM Foods
64(2)
Animal Studies
66(1)
Allergenicity
67(1)
European Union Regulations
67(3)
Labeling
70(3)
The SCIMAC Agreement
73(1)
Safety Assessment and Labeling Requirements in the US
74(1)
Published Test Results from Animal Feeding Experiments
75(4)
Chapter 5 Issues that have Arisen in the GM Crop and Food Debate 79(24)
Are GM Foods Safe?
81(1)
Will Genetic Modification Produce New Food Allergens?
82(1)
Is it Ethical to "Tinker" with the DNA of Plants?
83(2)
GM Crops "Do Not Work"
85(2)
Did Tryptophan Produced by Genetic Modification Kill People?
87(1)
The Monarch Butterfly
88(1)
The Pusztai Incident
89(1)
"Superweeds"
90(1)
Superbugs
91(2)
Segregation of GM and Non-GM Crops: Coexistence of GM and Organic Farming
93(1)
Antibiotic Resistance Marker Genes
94(1)
Patenting
95(2)
Loss of Biodiversity
97(1)
The Dominance of Multinational Companies
98(1)
The StarLink and ProdiGene Fiascos
98(3)
The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 355 RNA Gene Promoter
101(1)
Implications for Developing Countries
101(1)
"Terminator" Technology
102(1)
Conclusions 103(2)
Index 105