| Introduction |
|
1 | (6) |
|
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
Conventions Used in This Book |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
How This Book Is Organized |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
Part 1 The Lowdown on Genetics: Just the Basics |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
Part 2 DNA: The Genetic Material |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
Part 3 Genetics and Your Health |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
Part 4 Genetics and Your World |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
|
|
5 | (2) |
|
PART 1 THE LOWDOWN ON GENETICS: JUST THE BASICS |
|
|
7 | (66) |
|
Chapter 1 Welcome to Genetics: What's What and Who's Who |
|
|
9 | (12) |
|
|
|
9 | (4) |
|
Classical genetics: Transmitting traits from generation to generation |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
Molecular genetics: DNA and the chemistry of genes |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
Population genetics: Genetics of groups |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
Quantitative genetics: Getting a handle on heredity |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
|
|
13 | (8) |
|
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
Sorting through jobs in genetics |
|
|
15 | (6) |
|
Chapter 2 Basic Cell Biology |
|
|
21 | (20) |
|
|
|
22 | (7) |
|
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
|
|
23 | (2) |
|
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
Examining the basics of chromosomes |
|
|
25 | (2) |
|
|
|
27 | (2) |
|
|
|
29 | (5) |
|
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
Step 2 Divvying up the chromosomes |
|
|
31 | (2) |
|
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
Meiosis: Making Cells for Reproduction |
|
|
34 | (7) |
|
|
|
35 | (2) |
|
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
Mommy, where did I come from? |
|
|
38 | (3) |
|
Chapter 3 Visualize Peas: Discovering the Laws of Inheritance |
|
|
41 | (16) |
|
Gardening with Gregor Mendel |
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
Speaking the Language of Inheritance |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
|
|
45 | (5) |
|
|
|
45 | (2) |
|
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
|
|
48 | (2) |
|
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
Applying Basic Probability to the Likelihood of Inheritance |
|
|
50 | (2) |
|
Solving Simple Genetics Problems |
|
|
52 | (5) |
|
Deciphering a monohybrid cross |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
Tackling a dihybrid cross |
|
|
53 | (4) |
|
Chapter 4 Law Enforcement: Mendel's Laws Applied to Complex Traits |
|
|
57 | (16) |
|
Dominant Alleles Rule Sometimes |
|
|
58 | (3) |
|
Wimping out with incomplete dominance |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
Keeping it fair with codominance |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
Dawdling with incomplete penetrance |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
Alleles Causing Complications |
|
|
61 | (2) |
|
|
|
61 | (2) |
|
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Making Life More Complicated |
|
|
63 | (7) |
|
|
|
63 | (2) |
|
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
|
66 | (3) |
|
One gene with many phenotypes |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
Uncovering More Exceptions to Mendel's Laws |
|
|
70 | (3) |
|
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
PART 2 DNA: THE GENETIC MATERIAL |
|
|
73 | (108) |
|
Chapter 5 DNA: The Basis of Life |
|
|
75 | (16) |
|
Chemical Ingredients of DNA |
|
|
76 | (9) |
|
|
|
76 | (2) |
|
Adding a spoonful of sugar and a little phosphate |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
Assembling the Double Helix: The Structure of DNA |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
Starting with one: Weaving a single strand |
|
|
79 | (2) |
|
Doubling up: Adding the second strand |
|
|
81 | (4) |
|
Examining Different Varieties of DNA |
|
|
85 | (2) |
|
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
Digging into the History of DNA |
|
|
87 | (4) |
|
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
Hard feelings and the helix: Franklin, Wilkins, Watson, and Crick |
|
|
88 | (3) |
|
Chapter 6 Chromosomes: The Big Picture |
|
|
91 | (14) |
|
Deconstructing the Double Helix |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
|
93 | (2) |
|
Two Chromosomes Are Better than One (or Three) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
Sex Chromosomes: Is It a Boy or Girl? |
|
|
96 | (9) |
|
Sex determination in humans |
|
|
97 | (4) |
|
Sex determination in other organisms |
|
|
101 | (4) |
|
Chapter 7 Replication: A Copy Machine for DNA |
|
|
105 | (18) |
|
Unzipped: Creating the Pattern for More DNA |
|
|
106 | (3) |
|
|
|
109 | (9) |
|
Meeting the replication crew |
|
|
110 | (3) |
|
|
|
113 | (2) |
|
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
|
|
115 | (2) |
|
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
Replication in Eukaryotes |
|
|
118 | (2) |
|
Pulling up short: Telomeres |
|
|
118 | (2) |
|
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
How Circular DNAs Replicate |
|
|
120 | (3) |
|
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
Chapter 8 DNA Sequencing: Decoding the Genome |
|
|
123 | (14) |
|
Sequencing: Reading the Language of DNA |
|
|
124 | (5) |
|
Identifying the players in DNA sequencing |
|
|
124 | (3) |
|
Finding the message in sequencing results |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
|
|
127 | (2) |
|
Sequencing Your Way to the Human Genome |
|
|
129 | (3) |
|
|
|
130 | (2) |
|
|
|
132 | (5) |
|
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
The elegant roundworm genome |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
|
|
135 | (2) |
|
Chapter 9 RNA: DNA's Close Cousin |
|
|
137 | (14) |
|
You Already Know a Lot about RNA |
|
|
137 | (4) |
|
Using a slightly different sugar |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
Meeting a new base: Uracil |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
Transcription: Copying DNA's Message into RNA's Language |
|
|
141 | (7) |
|
Getting ready to transcribe |
|
|
142 | (4) |
|
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
Post-transcription Processing |
|
|
148 | (3) |
|
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
|
|
149 | (2) |
|
Chapter 10 Translating the Genetic Code |
|
|
151 | (14) |
|
Discovering the Good in a Degenerate |
|
|
152 | (3) |
|
Considering the combinations |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
Meeting the Translating Team |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
Taking the Translation Trip |
|
|
156 | (6) |
|
|
|
156 | (3) |
|
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
|
|
160 | (2) |
|
Proteins Are Precious Polypeptides |
|
|
162 | (3) |
|
Recognizing radical groups |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
Giving the protein its shape |
|
|
162 | (3) |
|
Chapter 11 Gene Expression: What a Cute Pair of Genes |
|
|
165 | (16) |
|
Getting Your Genes Under Control |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
To Be Expressed or Not To Be Expressed? |
|
|
166 | (2) |
|
Regulating Gene Expression: A Time and Place for Everything |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
Controlling Transcription Before It Starts |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Gene Transcription: Flipping the Switch |
|
|
170 | (4) |
|
Sequences controlling genes |
|
|
170 | (2) |
|
Proteins controlling transcription |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
Hormones controlling transcription |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
Retroactive Control: Things That Happen after Transcription |
|
|
174 | (3) |
|
Nip and tuck: RNA splicing |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
|
175 | (2) |
|
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
Gene Control Lost in Translation |
|
|
177 | (2) |
|
Modifying where translation occurs |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
Modifying when translation occurs |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
Modifying the protein shape |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
Prokaryotic Gene Expression |
|
|
179 | (2) |
|
Bacterial gene organization |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
Bacterial gene expression |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
PART 3 GENETICS AND YOUR HEALTH |
|
|
181 | (88) |
|
Chapter 12 When Things Go Wrong: Changes in DNA Sequence |
|
|
183 | (16) |
|
Heritable or Not Heritable? |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
Facing the Consequences of Sequence Variants |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
|
|
185 | (4) |
|
The phenotypic effect of a DNA sequence change |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
The type of DNA sequence change |
|
|
186 | (3) |
|
What Causes Sequence Variants? |
|
|
189 | (9) |
|
Spontaneous sequence variants |
|
|
190 | (4) |
|
Induced sequence variants |
|
|
194 | (4) |
|
Evaluating Options for DNA Repair |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
Chapter 13 Chromosome Disorders: It's All a Numbers Game |
|
|
199 | (18) |
|
Chromosome Numbers: No More and No Less |
|
|
200 | (2) |
|
Aneuploidy: Extra or missing chromosomes |
|
|
200 | (2) |
|
Aneuploidy of the Autosomal Chromosomes |
|
|
202 | (3) |
|
When chromosomes go missing |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
When too many chromosomes are left in |
|
|
202 | (3) |
|
Aneuploidy of the Sex Chromosomes |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
Exploring Variations in Chromosome Structure |
|
|
206 | (6) |
|
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
Reciprocal translocations |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
Robertsonian translocations |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
Other things that go awry with chromosomes |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
How Chromosomes Are Studied |
|
|
212 | (3) |
|
|
|
212 | (2) |
|
Too small for the naked eye |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing for Aneuploidy |
|
|
215 | (2) |
|
Chapter 14 Taking a Closer Look at the Genetics of Cancer |
|
|
217 | (18) |
|
|
|
218 | (3) |
|
Benign growths: Not always so harmless |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
Malignancies: Seriously scary results |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
Metastasis: Cancer on the move |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
Recognizing Cancer as a DNA Disease |
|
|
221 | (8) |
|
Exploring the cell cycle and cancer |
|
|
222 | (6) |
|
Demystifying chromosome abnormalities |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
Breaking Down the Types of Cancers |
|
|
229 | (6) |
|
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
Hereditary colorectal cancer |
|
|
232 | (3) |
|
Chapter 15 Genetic Counseling, Risk Assessment, and Genetic Testing |
|
|
235 | (20) |
|
Getting to Know Genetic Counselors |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
Building and Analyzing a Family Tree |
|
|
237 | (3) |
|
Autosomal Inheritance: No Differences Among the Sexes |
|
|
240 | (4) |
|
Autosomal dominant traits and disorders |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
Autosomal recessive traits and disorders |
|
|
241 | (3) |
|
Found on Sex Chromosomes: Sex-linked Inheritance |
|
|
244 | (5) |
|
X-linked recessive traits |
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
Testing for Genetic Disorders |
|
|
249 | (6) |
|
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
Predictive and susceptibility testing |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
Chapter 16 Treating Genetic Disorders and Using Genetics to Tailor Treatment |
|
|
255 | (14) |
|
Alleviating Genetic Disease through Gene Therapy |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
Inserting Healthy Genes into the Picture |
|
|
256 | (3) |
|
Finding Vehicles to Get Genes to Work |
|
|
259 | (2) |
|
Viruses that join right in |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
Viruses that are a little standoffish |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
Progress on the Gene Therapy Front |
|
|
261 | (2) |
|
Utilizing Genetic Information for Precision Medicine |
|
|
263 | (6) |
|
Pharmacogenetics (and pharmacogenomics) |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
Cytochrome P450 and drug metabolism |
|
|
264 | (2) |
|
Decreasing the risk of side effects of treatment |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
Increasing the effectiveness of treatment |
|
|
266 | (3) |
|
PART 4 GENETICS AND YOUR WORLD |
|
|
269 | (70) |
|
Chapter 17 Tracing Human History and the Future of the Planet |
|
|
271 | (16) |
|
Genetic Variation Is Everywhere |
|
|
272 | (3) |
|
|
|
272 | (2) |
|
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
Breaking Down the Hardy-Weinberg Law of Population Genetics |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Relating alleles to genotypes |
|
|
275 | (4) |
|
|
|
277 | (2) |
|
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
|
|
279 | (4) |
|
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
Uncovering the secret social lives of animals |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Changing Forms over Time: The Genetics of Evolution |
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
283 | (4) |
|
Where new species come from |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
Growing the evolutionary tree |
|
|
284 | (3) |
|
Chapter 18 Solving Mysteries Using DNA |
|
|
287 | (20) |
|
Rooting through Your DNA to Find Your Identity |
|
|
288 | (2) |
|
Investigating the Scene: Where's the DNA? |
|
|
290 | (7) |
|
Collecting biological evidence |
|
|
290 | (2) |
|
|
|
292 | (5) |
|
Employing DNA to Catch Criminals (And Free the Innocent) |
|
|
297 | (3) |
|
Matching the evidence to the bad guy |
|
|
297 | (2) |
|
Taking a second look at guilty verdicts |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
Its All Relative: Finding Family |
|
|
300 | (7) |
|
|
|
300 | (2) |
|
|
|
302 | (5) |
|
Chapter 19 Genetic Makeovers: Using Genetic Engineering to Change the Genome |
|
|
307 | (20) |
|
Genetically Modified Organisms Are Everywhere |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
|
309 | (4) |
|
Following the transgenesis process |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Making a transgene using recombinant DNA technology |
|
|
311 | (2) |
|
Modifying the gene to reside in its new home |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
Looking at the GMO Menagerie |
|
|
313 | (5) |
|
|
|
313 | (3) |
|
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
|
316 | (2) |
|
|
|
318 | (3) |
|
Getting new genes into the plant |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
Exploring commercial applications |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
Weighing points of contention |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
Changing the Blueprint: Gene Editing |
|
|
321 | (6) |
|
|
|
323 | (2) |
|
Germline versus somatic gene editing |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
Discussing the ethics of gene editing |
|
|
325 | (2) |
|
Chapter 20 Giving Ethical Considerations Their Due |
|
|
327 | (12) |
|
Profiling Genetic Discrimination |
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
Ordering Up Designer Babies |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
Ethical Issues Surrounding Genetic Testing |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
|
331 | (2) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
Privacy and Confidentiality |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
Direct-to-Consumer Testing |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
Practicing Safe Genetic Treatments |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (20) |
|
Chapter 21 Ten Defining Events in Genetics |
|
|
341 | (8) |
|
The Publication of Darwin's "The Origin of Species" |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
The Rediscovery of Mendel's Work |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
The Discovery of Jumping Genes |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
The Birth of DNA Sequencing |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
The Development of Recombinant DNA Technology |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
The Invention of DNA Fingerprinting |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
The Birth of Developmental Genetics |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
The Work of Francis Collins and the Human Genome Project |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Chapter 22 Ten Hot Issues in Genetics |
|
|
349 | (10) |
|
Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (2) |
|
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Circumventing Mother Nature |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
|
357 | (2) |
| Glossary |
|
359 | (6) |
| Index |
|
365 | |
