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Geographical Analysis of Population: With Applications to Planning and Business [Pehme köide]

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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 418 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 248x190x24 mm, kaal: 792 g, Ill.
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Feb-1994
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley and Sons (WIE)
  • ISBN-10: 0471510149
  • ISBN-13: 9780471510147
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Geographical Analysis of Population: With Applications to Planning and BusinessSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 418 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 248x190x24 mm, kaal: 792 g, Ill.
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Feb-1994
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley and Sons (WIE)
  • ISBN-10: 0471510149
  • ISBN-13: 9780471510147
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780471510147.html
Märksõnad:
Concentrates on both applied demographic and planning techniques which rely upon geographical aspects of population data. Describes methods used to assess the impact of population change on facility demand, school enrollment, changes in product market, transportation and recreation demand forecasting. Applied problems expose students to hands--on planning problems. Questions and solutions use actual data.
Introduction
1(22)
Why Study Population?
1(1)
Local-Scale Applications Require Broad System-Scale Perspectives
2(1)
The World Scale: Potential Consequences of Population Change
2(6)
Fibonnacci's Rabbits
2(2)
Current and Past Rates of World Population Growth
4(3)
Implications of Falling Birth Rates
7(1)
The National Scale: Age Composition and Migration Pattern Shifts
8(5)
Impact of the Baby Boom
8(2)
Broad-Scale Migration Pattern Changes
10(2)
The Repercussions of Age Composition Changes on Migration Patterns
12(1)
The Local Scale: A School Reassignment Case Study
13(6)
Case Study: Catalina Foothills School District Elementary School Reassignment Problem
14(4)
Reasons for Our Focus on the Local Scale
18(1)
The Interdisciplinary Organization of Population Research
19(2)
Demography and Population Studies
19(1)
Population Geography
19(1)
Population Analysis in Planning, Marketing, and Regional Science
20(1)
Sources of Population Data
21(2)
U.S. Census
21(1)
Private-Sector Sources
22(1)
Population Distribution and Composition
23(34)
Introduction
23(1)
Population Distribution
23(14)
Population Dot Maps
24(1)
Population Density
25(3)
The Index of Concentration
28(1)
The Lorenz Curve
29(2)
Centers of Population
31(6)
Measuring Accessibility
37(4)
The Threshold Accessibility Index
37(1)
The Aggregate Accessibility Index
38(3)
Population Composition
41(9)
Median Age
42(1)
The Dependency Ratio
42(1)
Economic Participation Measures
43(1)
The Sex Ratio
44(2)
Population Pyramids
46(2)
Location Quotients
48(2)
Geographic Association
50(3)
Summary
53(4)
Describing Demographic Change
57(34)
Introduction
57
Population Growth (and Decline)
53(11)
Percentage Changes
58(1)
Geometric Rates of Change
58(1)
Exponential Rates of Change
59(2)
Determining the Geometric and Exponential Rates of Change
61(1)
Logistic Growth
62(2)
Components of Change and Demographic Accounting
64(6)
Demographic Rates and Probabilities
64(1)
Components of Change
65(1)
Demographic Accounting
66(2)
Illustrative Example: Minor Flows
68(2)
Measures of Mortality
70(5)
Standardized Death Rates
71(3)
Measures of Infant Mortality
74(1)
Life Tables: Construction and Interpretation
75(6)
Interpretation of a Life Table as a Cohort of Individuals
75(2)
Alternative Interpretation as a Stationary Population
77(1)
Life Table Construction
77(1)
Survival Ratios
78(3)
Measures of Fertility
81(5)
Period versus Cohort Rates
86(1)
Summary
86(5)
Migration: Analyzing the Geographic Patterns
91(36)
Introduction
91(1)
Migration Definition and Measurement
92(3)
Importance of Areal Unit Definition
93(1)
Fixed Period versus Registry-type Data
94(1)
Measures of Migration
95(5)
Transition Probabilities
95(2)
Gross Migration Rates
97(1)
Net Migration Rates
98(1)
Demographic Effectiveness
98(2)
The Relationship Between In- and Out-Migration
100(6)
The Intuitive Perspective
100(1)
The Positive Correlation Perspective
100(2)
Lowry's ``Asymmetrical'' Relationship of In- and Out-Migration
102(1)
Beale's Findings
102(1)
Kriesberg and Vining's Measure of In- and Out-Migration Contributions
103(1)
The Nonlinearity of the Relationship between Out-Migration and Net Migration
104(1)
The Cross-Regional Variance of In-Migration and Out-Migration
105(1)
The Entropy of In- and Out-Migration
105(1)
Disaggregating by Migrant Characteristics
106(9)
Migration Age Schedules
107(1)
Migration Expectancies and Migraproduction Rates
108(3)
Migrant Selectivity
111(1)
Beaten Paths and the Role of Information
112(1)
Return Migration
113(1)
Duration of Residence Effects and Cumulative Inertia
114(1)
Methods for Analyzing Geographic Patterns of Migration
115(9)
Principal Component Analysis
115(3)
The Extremal Tendencies of Sonis
118(3)
Spatial Shift-Share Analysis
121(3)
Summary
124(3)
Population Estimation
127(28)
Introduction
127(3)
The Parlance of Estimates
128(2)
The Principal Types of Estimation Techniques
130(1)
Simple Interpolation and Extrapolation
130(4)
Linear Interpolation
130(2)
Alternative Extrapolation Techniques
132(2)
The Regression or Ratio-Correlation Method
134(3)
A Real World Ratio-Correlation Equation
136(1)
Problems with Ratio-Correlation Estimates
136(1)
Component Methods
137(5)
Component Method II
137(3)
The Administrative Records Method
140(2)
Housing-Unit Methods
142(4)
Monitoring Temporal Change in the Number of Housing Units
142(2)
Measuring Occupancy Rates
144(1)
The Persons-per-Housing-Unit Factor
145(1)
Evaluating Estimates
146(5)
Two Methods for ``Testing'' Estimation Procedures
146(1)
Some Rules of Thumb to Improve Estimates
147(3)
A Case Study in the Pitfalls of Unequal Weighting
150(1)
Summary
151(4)
Population Projections
155(34)
Introduction
155(1)
Elementary Extrapolative Methods
156(4)
Linear Extrapolation
157(1)
Geometric and Exponential Extrapolation
158(2)
The Single-Region Cohort Component Model
160(9)
Matrix Form of the Cohort Component Model
164(2)
Example
166(3)
Cohort Component Models with Migration
169(8)
Cohort Survival with Constant Net Migration Rates
169(1)
The Markov Model for Population Redistribution
170(4)
The Interregional Cohort Component Model
174(2)
Accounting-Based Population Projections
176(1)
Other Applications of the Cohort Concept
177(1)
School Enrollment Projections
177(6)
The Grade Progression Ratio Method
178(3)
The Housing Unit Method
181(2)
Projecting the Demographic Structure of Organizations
183(1)
Summary
184(5)
Modeling and Forecasting Migration
189(42)
Introduction
189(1)
What Migration Quantity to Model?
190(6)
The Volatility of Net Migration
191(1)
The Fallacy of Using Net Migration Rates for Forecasting
192(4)
The Gravity Model
196(10)
Distance Deterrence
197(2)
Constrained and Unconstrained Gravity Models
199(1)
Fitting an Unconstrained Model
200(3)
Singly Constrained Gravity Models
203(1)
Other Forms of the Gravity Model
204(2)
The Intervening Opportunities Model
206(5)
An Example: The Opportunity and Constrained Gravity Models Compared
208(3)
Temporally Varying Transitional Probabilities
211(8)
The Causative Matrix Model
211(4)
Feeney's Model
215(3)
The Destination Population Weighted (DPW) Model
218(1)
Improving on the Basic DPW Model
218(1)
Economic Gravity Models
219(6)
Lowry's Model
220(2)
The Role of Amenities
222(1)
The Need for a Micro Perspective in Behavioral Migration Research
223(1)
An Important Accounting Constraint: Milne's ``Seemingly Unrelated Regression Approach''
224(1)
Toward Economic-Demographic Models
225(2)
Comprehensive Economic-Demographic Modeling Frameworks
227(1)
Summary
227(4)
The Role of Population in Infrastructure Planning
231(44)
Introduction
231(1)
Urban Travel Forecasting
232(13)
The Role of Free Choice and Constraints in Urban Travel Demand Analysis
232(1)
Steps in the Urban Travel Forecasting Process
233(12)
Recreation Facilities Planning
245(10)
Recreation Supply
248(1)
Recreation Demand
248(6)
Matching Forecasts of Demand with Supply
254(1)
Site Location
255(4)
Impediments to the Production of Improved Forecasts
259(1)
Optimal Demand Assignment Methods
260(9)
The Un-unified-Unified School District Problem
261(8)
The Use of Forecasts in Decision Making
269(1)
Summary
270(5)
Household Demography
275(24)
Introduction
275(1)
A Brief Look at Households, Location, and Relocation in the United States
276(3)
Geographic Concepts Relevant to the Study of Households
279(5)
Vacancy Chains
280(4)
Demographic and Geographic Analysis of Households
284(12)
Householders and Markers
285(1)
Householder Rate Method
285(2)
The Household Membership Rate Method
287(4)
Microsimulation
291(2)
Matching Housing Demand with Housing Supply
293(3)
Summary
296(3)
Demographics
299(40)
Introduction
299(2)
The Measurement of Diversity and Segregation
301(7)
Diversity Measures
301(2)
Segregation Measures
303(4)
``Cracking and Packing'': Diversity and Segregation in Political Redistricting
307(1)
Factorial Ecology
308(12)
Case Study: Postindustrial Demographic Change in Cleveland
309(11)
Cluster Analysis for Defining Socially Homogeneous Areas
320(8)
Similarity Measures
322(1)
Agglomerative Clustering
323(4)
Iterative Clustering
327(1)
Life-Style Clustering for Market Segmentation and Targeting
328(6)
Case Study: The Geography of Grit Magazine Subscription
329(5)
Summary
334(5)
Demographic and Geographic Information Systems for Population Analysis
339(22)
Introduction
339(1)
A Brief Historical Account of Early Population Mapping
340(1)
TIGER: A Digital Cartographic Database
341(4)
The TIGER System
343(2)
Geographic Information Systems
345(1)
Demographic and Geographic Information Systems for Population Analysis
345(5)
Some Capabilities of Demographic and Geographic Information Systems Relevant to Population Analysis
350(6)
Areas of Polygons
350(1)
Areal Interpolation
351(1)
Dasymetric Mapping
352(2)
Choropleth Maps and Geographic Scale
354(2)
Limitations of GIS Used for Population Analysis
356(1)
Prospects
357(1)
Summary
358(3)
Conclusions
361(12)
Importance of the Geographical Analysis of Population
361(1)
Scale
361(5)
Scale Dependence in Choice of Method
361(1)
Different Questions for Different Scales
362(1)
The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem
362(1)
Positive Benefits from Studying Phenomena at Alternative Spatial Scales
363(1)
Results at a Given Scale May Hide Significant Spatial Variation
364(2)
Long-Term Perspectives on Population Change
366(3)
The Interaction Between Rates and Composition
366(3)
Geographic Perspectives on Future Population Change
369(4)
Appendix A Addresses for U.S. Organizations of Interest 373(1)
Appendix B Geographical Subunits and Hierarchical Relationships 374(5)
Appendix C Logarithms 379(1)
Appendix D Matrix Algebra 380(2)
References 382(15)
Solutions to Selected Exercises 397(11)
Author Index 408(2)
Subject Index 410