| Introduction |
|
viii | |
| how to use this book |
|
ix | |
| functional grammar |
|
|
asking for and giving personal information |
|
|
1 | (11) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
say what your occupation is |
|
|
|
give similar information about other people |
|
|
|
ask for personal information about other people |
|
|
|
introducing and identifying people, places and things |
|
|
12 | (9) |
|
introduce yourself and other people |
|
|
|
greet people when being introduced |
|
|
|
|
|
|
identify people, places and things |
|
|
|
ask questions in order to identify people, places and things |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
expressing existence and availability |
|
|
21 | (12) |
|
ask if something exists or is available |
|
|
|
state that something exists or is available |
|
|
|
ask and answer questions regarding quantity |
|
|
|
|
|
33 | (10) |
|
enquire about and give information about location |
|
|
|
enquire about and give information about distance |
|
|
|
talking about the present |
|
|
43 | (12) |
|
talk about something which is happening now |
|
|
|
talk about something which is true as of now, but not necessarily at this specific time |
|
|
|
describe a regular or habitual activity |
|
|
|
express universal truths and well-known facts |
|
|
|
present information about the past in a dramatic present form |
|
|
|
expressing likes and dislikes |
|
|
55 | (9) |
|
express likes and dislikes |
|
|
|
ask questions about likes and dislikes |
|
|
|
expressing wants and preferences |
|
|
64 | (8) |
|
express wants and preferences |
|
|
|
ask questions about wants and preferences |
|
|
|
expressing permission and ability |
|
|
72 | (7) |
|
make statements about permission and ability |
|
|
|
ask questions about permission and ability |
|
|
|
expressing obligation and necessity |
|
|
79 | (7) |
|
make statements about obligation and need |
|
|
|
ask questions about obligation and need |
|
|
|
asking for and giving opinions |
|
|
86 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
talking about habitual actions |
|
|
94 | (11) |
|
ask for and give information about personal habits and routine actions |
|
|
|
ask and state the exact time at which certain actions are performed |
|
|
|
say how often you or others do certain things |
|
|
|
ask for and give information about modes of transport used |
|
|
|
relate a sequence of habitual actions |
|
|
|
|
|
105 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
ask questions regarding possession |
|
|
|
giving directions and instructions |
|
|
113 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
ask for and give instructions |
|
|
|
making requests and offers |
|
|
122 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
issue and accept invitations |
|
|
|
describing people, places and things |
|
|
130 | (10) |
|
ask questions leading to the description of people, places and things |
|
|
|
describe people, places and things |
|
|
|
|
|
|
referring to future plans and events |
|
|
140 | (7) |
|
ask and give information about future plans |
|
|
|
ask and answer questions about future events |
|
|
|
|
|
147 | (10) |
|
describe states or actions which were habitual in the past |
|
|
|
describe events or activities which indisputably belong to the past from the narrator's points of view |
|
|
|
turn direct into reported speech |
|
|
|
describe states or actions which occurred before some past event |
|
|
|
describe a past event or activity in writing |
|
|
|
talking about the recent past |
|
|
157 | (10) |
|
talk about events in the past which are of relevance or interest to the present |
|
|
|
talk about events which have happened in the recent past |
|
|
|
describing processes and procedures |
|
|
167 | (8) |
|
describe processes and procedures |
|
|
|
ask questions regarding processes and procedures |
|
|
|
reporting what was said and asked |
|
|
175 | (8) |
|
report who said and asked what |
|
|
|
|
|
183 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
express remote conditions |
|
|
|
express unfulfilled conditions |
|
|
| reference grammar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pronunciation and spelling |
|
|
190 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
194 | (4) |
|
declension of determiners |
|
|
|
changes in the definite article |
|
|
|
changes in the indefinite article |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
declension of personal pronouns |
|
|
199 | (31) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives |
|
|
200 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
204 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
the formation of the comparative forms of adjective-adverbs |
|
|
|
the formation of the superlative forms of adverbs |
|
|
207 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
209 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
separable and inseparable verbs |
|
|
|
verbs associated with particular prepositions |
|
|
|
|
|
211 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
the formation of the simple past tense of regular verbs |
|
|
|
the formation of the simple past tense of irregular verbs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
list of irregular verbs with simple past and perfect forms |
|
|
219 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
the use of the subjunctive |
|
|
|
the formation of the subjunctive |
|
|
226 | (4) |
|
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
|
231 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the position of the direct and indirect object |
|
|
|
the position of other elements in the main clause |
|
|
233 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
the occasional omission of conjunctions |
|
|
|
|
|
236 | (4) |
| key to the exercises |
|
240 | (11) |
| glossary of terms |
|
251 | (9) |
| taking it even further |
|
260 | |
