| Preface |
|
ix | |
| Acknowledgements |
|
xiii | |
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1 | (8) |
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1 | (1) |
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The significance of environmental change |
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1 | (1) |
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Glaciers as monitors of environmental change |
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2 | (4) |
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The study of glaciers and past glacier fluctuations in the context of present and future environmental change |
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6 | (3) |
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Theories for climate and glacier variations |
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9 | (8) |
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9 | (1) |
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The astronomical (Milankovitch) theory of climate variation |
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9 | (2) |
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Variation in atmospheric gas content and climate change |
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11 | (2) |
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Volcanic activity and climate variations |
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13 | (1) |
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Variations in solar output |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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Methods of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction |
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17 | (31) |
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17 | (1) |
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Stable isotope variations in ice cores |
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17 | (5) |
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Climate records from ice cores |
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22 | (9) |
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31 | (4) |
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Microparticles and radioactive tracers in ice cores |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (1) |
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Mapping and measuring glacier-front variations |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (4) |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (3) |
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48 | (68) |
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48 | (1) |
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Present distribution of glaciers |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (5) |
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Temperature distribution in glaciers and ice sheets |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (1) |
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Glacier monitoring by satellites |
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56 | (1) |
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Determination of the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) |
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57 | (1) |
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Reconstruction of the equilibrium line altitude |
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58 | (3) |
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61 | (31) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (5) |
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98 | (9) |
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Supraglacial ice morphology |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (3) |
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111 | (1) |
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Surging and tidewater glaciers |
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112 | (1) |
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Reconstruction of ice-surface profiles and calculation of basal shear stress |
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113 | (3) |
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116 | (46) |
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116 | (1) |
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Pre-Quaternary glaciations |
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116 | (3) |
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Glacial/interglacial cycles during the Quaternary |
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119 | (3) |
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Late Cenozoic glacier and climate variations |
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122 | (13) |
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Late-glacial glacier and climate variations in NW Europe |
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135 | (2) |
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Variations of local glaciers during the last glaciation |
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137 | (1) |
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Holocene glacier and climate variations |
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138 | (6) |
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Neoglacial glacier variations |
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144 | (1) |
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Little Ice Age glacier variations |
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144 | (15) |
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Glaciers, environmental change and the human race |
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159 | (1) |
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Models of Late Quaternary climate and ice-sheet evolution |
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160 | (2) |
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Late Quaternary sea-level changes |
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162 | (12) |
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162 | (1) |
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Glacio-eustasy and glacio-isostasy |
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162 | (2) |
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Relative sea-level changes |
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164 | (4) |
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168 | (3) |
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Models of future sea-level changes |
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171 | (3) |
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Models of future climatic change |
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174 | (10) |
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174 | (1) |
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Orbitally-induced (Milankovitch) climate change |
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174 | (1) |
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Greenhouse gas-induced warming |
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175 | (4) |
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Natural versus anthropogenic forcing |
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179 | (1) |
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Energy balance models and glacier variations |
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180 | (1) |
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Global circulation models (GCMs) |
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180 | (2) |
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Future research priorities |
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182 | (2) |
| References |
|
184 | (17) |
| Index |
|
201 | |
