Contributors |
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xvii | |
Part 1 Forest soils and global change |
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3 | (6) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Forest soils in the Anthropocene |
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9 | (18) |
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9 | (2) |
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Case study 1: one step on Hans Jenny's ecological staircase |
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11 | (2) |
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Case study 2: rainfall and time in Hawaii |
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13 | (1) |
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Case study 3: can trees heal soils? The Calhoun forest experience |
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14 | (2) |
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Case study 4: soil changes from intensive silviculture across Brazil, with a side trip to Hawaii |
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16 | (2) |
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Case study 5: detecting soil change across Sweden |
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18 | (3) |
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Moving into the future of forest soils |
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21 | (1) |
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How will forest soils change into the future? |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Drivers of soil change |
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27 | (16) |
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27 | (6) |
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Mechanisms and outcomes of soil change |
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27 | (4) |
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31 | (1) |
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Loss of soil heterogeneity |
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32 | (1) |
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Direct drivers of soil change |
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33 | (3) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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Climate variability and its role in soil development and biogeochemical cycling |
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34 | (2) |
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Biological invasions: implication for biogeochemical cycling and soil water holding capacity |
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36 | (1) |
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Indirect drivers of soil change |
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36 | (3) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Cultural and religious drivers |
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38 | (1) |
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Education, science, and technology drivers |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 History of forest soils knowledge and research |
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43 | (16) |
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Introduction: forest soils in history |
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43 | (1) |
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Milestones in forest soil knowledge |
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44 | (9) |
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Soil classification and survey |
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44 | (3) |
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An overview of the development of forest soils knowledge |
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47 | (5) |
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Inclusion of soil science in forestry education in the US |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (6) |
Part 2 Bioregional soils and global change |
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Chapter 5 Boreal forests and soils |
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59 | (24) |
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59 | (1) |
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General features of boreal forests |
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60 | (6) |
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60 | (1) |
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Geology and geomorphology |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (2) |
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Soils in the boreal forest |
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66 | (8) |
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Soils mainly conditioned by climate |
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66 | (5) |
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Soils mainly conditioned by topography/physiography |
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71 | (1) |
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Soils conditioned by climate and topography/physiography |
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71 | (3) |
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Boreal soils and climate change |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (6) |
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Chapter 6 Temperate forests and soils |
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83 | (26) |
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83 | (2) |
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Description of temperate forests |
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85 | (2) |
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Temperate deciduous forests |
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86 | (1) |
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Temperate evergreen forests |
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87 | (1) |
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Soils in the temperate forest |
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87 | (4) |
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Temperate deciduous forest soils |
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87 | (2) |
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Temperate evergreen forest soils |
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89 | (1) |
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Distinctions between deciduous and evergreen forest soils |
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90 | (1) |
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Sensitivity of temperate forest soils to climate change |
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91 | (7) |
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Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on temperate forest soils |
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92 | (2) |
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Effects of warming on temperate forest soils |
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94 | (2) |
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Effects of altered precipitation on temperate forest soils |
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96 | (1) |
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Interactions of changing precipitation and temperature on forest soils |
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96 | (1) |
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Effects of extreme events on temperate forest soils |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (8) |
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Chapter 7 Tropical dry forest soils: global change and local-scale consequences for soil biogeochemical processes |
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109 | (22) |
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Guillermo N. Murray-Tortamlo |
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109 | (2) |
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Overview of relevant global change drivers for TDF soils: climate and land use |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (5) |
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Climate trends between 1985 and 2015: potential implication for TDF soils |
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112 | (2) |
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Site-level consequences of precipitation seasonality and variability on soil carbon and nutrient dynamics |
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114 | (3) |
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117 | (5) |
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Current global trend of land use change in TDF regions: 1985 to 2015 |
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117 | (1) |
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Local scale consequences of TDF conversion to agriculture on soil carbon and nutrients: fire and management |
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118 | (3) |
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Trends in soil carbon and nutrients during secondary succession |
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121 | (1) |
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Synthesis and future trends |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (6) |
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Chapter 8 Wet tropical soils and global change |
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131 | (40) |
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131 | (3) |
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Tropical deforestation effects on soils |
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134 | (4) |
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Deforestation and soil carbon storage and cycling |
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134 | (1) |
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Deforestation and nutrient availability |
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135 | (1) |
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Deforestation management and research recommendations |
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136 | (2) |
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Tropical land cover change effects on soils |
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138 | (5) |
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Land cover change and soil carbon storage and cycling |
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138 | (2) |
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Land cover change and soil nutrient availability |
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140 | (2) |
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Land cover change management and research recommendations |
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142 | (1) |
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Tropical climate change effects on soils |
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143 | (5) |
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Climate change and soil carbon storage and cycling |
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143 | (3) |
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Climate change and soil nutrient availability |
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146 | (1) |
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Climate change management and research recommendations |
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147 | (1) |
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Tropical CO2 fertilization effect on soils |
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148 | (2) |
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CO2 fertilization and soil carbon storage and cycling |
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148 | (1) |
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CO2 fertilization and soil nutrient availability |
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149 | (1) |
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CO2 fertilization management and research recommendations |
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150 | (1) |
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Tropical nitrogen deposition effects on soils |
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150 | (5) |
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Nitrogen deposition and soil carbon storage and cycling |
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151 | (1) |
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Nitrogen deposition and nutrient availability |
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152 | (1) |
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Nitrogen deposition management and research recommendations |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (16) |
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Chapter 9 Effects of climate change on forested wetland soils |
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171 | (18) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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Description of wetland types |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (3) |
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Mineral and organic soils |
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173 | (3) |
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176 | (2) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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Effects of climate change |
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178 | (4) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (6) |
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Chapter 10 Climate change and urban forest soils |
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189 | (26) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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Direct and indirect effects |
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191 | (1) |
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Response of urban soils to climate change |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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Urban environments as analogs to climate change |
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195 | (1) |
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Urban-rural environmental comparisons |
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196 | (1) |
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C and N cycling-examples of whole ecosystem responses |
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197 | (3) |
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Implications to plant health |
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198 | (1) |
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Implications to soil health |
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199 | (1) |
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Urban soils: the brown infrastructure of cities and towns |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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Maintaining biogeochemical cycles |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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Soils mitigate global change |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (11) |
Part 3 Practical considerations for the assessment and management of forest soils in a changing world |
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Chapter 11 Soil carbon management |
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215 | (44) |
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Why is forest soil carbon important? |
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215 | (1) |
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Scale and scope of this chapter |
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216 | (3) |
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What controls variation in forest soil C? |
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219 | (2) |
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SOC vulnerability and management across Earth's forests |
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221 | (21) |
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Global to domain-level patterns |
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222 | (3) |
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Patterns within domains: tropical domain |
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225 | (4) |
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Patterns within domains: subtropical domain |
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229 | (5) |
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Patterns within domains: temperate domain |
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234 | (4) |
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Patterns within domains: boreal domain |
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238 | (3) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (17) |
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Chapter 12 Ecosystem management and ecological restoration in the Anthropocene: integrating global change, soils, and disturbance in boreal and Mediterranean forests |
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259 | (50) |
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260 | (3) |
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263 | (14) |
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Climate, vegetation, soils, and human history |
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263 | (3) |
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266 | (3) |
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269 | (4) |
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Boreal forest management and restoration under global change |
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273 | (2) |
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Major global change-related stressors and their implications in boreal forests |
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275 | (2) |
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Mediterranean climate-zone forests and woodlands |
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277 | (17) |
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Climate, vegetation, soils, and human history |
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277 | (4) |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (3) |
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Mediterranean forest and woodland management and restoration under global change |
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286 | (6) |
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Major global change-related stressors and their implications in mediterranean climate region forests |
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292 | (2) |
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294 | (3) |
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297 | (12) |
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Chapter 13 Rehabilitating forest soils after disturbance |
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309 | (36) |
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309 | (24) |
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311 | (3) |
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314 | (3) |
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317 | (4) |
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321 | (3) |
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324 | (8) |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (11) |
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Chapter 14 A new era of digital soil mapping across forested landscapes |
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345 | (28) |
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345 | (6) |
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The transformation of soil maps from analog to digital |
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346 | (2) |
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Opportunities for improving forest soil information using DSM |
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348 | (3) |
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351 | (3) |
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DSM and predictive ecosystem mapping |
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353 | (1) |
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From pedons to regions: the process of DSM |
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354 | (4) |
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Defining the population of interest: mapping objectives |
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354 | (1) |
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Soil variables for classification and prediction |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (2) |
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357 | (1) |
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Using DSM to guide the adaptation of forest management to global change |
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358 | (3) |
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360 | (1) |
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Uncertainty in soil mapping |
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361 | (1) |
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Temporal analysis: using DSM to evaluate forest change |
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361 | (4) |
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362 | (2) |
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DSM as a tool for quantitative evaluation of soil processes |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (2) |
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367 | (6) |
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Chapter 15 A 'healthy' balance - The role of physical and chemical properties in maintaining forest soil function in a changing world |
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373 | (24) |
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373 | (5) |
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Interdependent factors - soil physical and chemical conditions |
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378 | (5) |
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378 | (1) |
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Soil pH and nutrient availability |
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378 | (1) |
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Soil texture, specific surface area, and soil charge |
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379 | (2) |
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381 | (2) |
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383 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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The rhizosphere is where plant and soil meet! |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (1) |
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Water infiltration and percolation |
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384 | (1) |
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384 | (4) |
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Climate change and elevated atmospheric CO2 |
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384 | (1) |
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Acid deposition and pollution |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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Forest harvesting and intensive forest management |
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386 | (1) |
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Deforestation and land conversion |
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387 | (1) |
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Afforestation and restoration of deforested landscapes |
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388 | (1) |
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The vulnerability of soils to change |
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388 | (3) |
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Sites with low organic matter content and nutrient storage capacity |
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389 | (1) |
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Sites with poor pH buffering capacity |
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389 | (1) |
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Fine-textured soils and sites with restricted water infiltration capacity |
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389 | (1) |
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Best management practices to maintain soil health |
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389 | (1) |
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An approach to soil health monitoring |
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390 | (1) |
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391 | (1) |
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391 | (6) |
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Chapter 16 Assessing soil biological health in forest soils |
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397 | (30) |
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397 | (1) |
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Forest soil architecture, carbon storage, and biotic activity |
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398 | (2) |
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Functional roles of forest soil organisms |
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400 | (9) |
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Decomposition and cycling of organic matter |
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400 | (3) |
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Mycorrhizae and nutrient acquisition |
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403 | (2) |
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405 | (1) |
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406 | (1) |
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Anaerobes and the role of microsites |
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406 | (1) |
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Soil fauna and organic matter turnover |
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407 | (2) |
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Assessing biotic abundance and diversity in forest soils |
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409 | (7) |
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409 | (1) |
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Measuring soil microbial biomass |
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410 | (1) |
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Direct counts of soil fauna |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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Phospholipid fatty acid profiles |
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412 | (2) |
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414 | (2) |
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416 | (1) |
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417 | (10) |
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Chapter 17 Biochar use in global forests: opportunities and challenges |
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427 | (28) |
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427 | (2) |
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Definitions, properties and production |
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429 | (3) |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (2) |
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432 | (1) |
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Biochar benefits in forest ecosystems |
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433 | (4) |
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Improved (stable) C stocks in soil and positive impacts on GHG exchange |
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433 | (1) |
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Improvement of forest productivity |
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433 | (2) |
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435 | (1) |
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Restoration of contaminated or degraded land |
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435 | (1) |
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436 | (1) |
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Growth medium for forest seedlings |
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436 | (1) |
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Short rotation woody crops (SRWC) |
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437 | (1) |
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Challenges in forest ecosystems |
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437 | (2) |
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Incorporating biochar into mineral soil |
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437 | (1) |
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Operational use of biochar |
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438 | (1) |
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439 | (2) |
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441 | (1) |
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442 | (2) |
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Tropical charcoal markets |
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444 | (1) |
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444 | (2) |
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446 | (1) |
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446 | (9) |
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Chapter 18 Environmental policy and forest soil conservation: Canada's experience to date |
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455 | (18) |
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Introduction: forest management policy as a proxy for forest soil conservation policy |
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455 | (8) |
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Provincial and territorial government policy |
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457 | (3) |
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Forest certification and criteria and indicator systems |
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460 | (2) |
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Federal and international policy that is external to forest management |
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462 | (1) |
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Role of current policy in conserving forest soil values, goods, and services |
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463 | (1) |
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464 | (1) |
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465 | (4) |
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469 | (4) |
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Web Links for Certification Bodies: |
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471 | (2) |
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Chapter 19 Long-term forest soils research: lessons learned from the US experience |
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473 | (32) |
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473 | (2) |
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Research to understand the impacts of land use on soils |
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475 | (4) |
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Establishment of research networks |
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475 | (2) |
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477 | (2) |
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Historical accounting of forest soils research |
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479 | (7) |
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Forest soils research: general |
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479 | (1) |
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Forest soils research: forest management |
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480 | (6) |
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Acid rain impacts on forest soils |
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486 | (3) |
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Research efforts on acid deposition and soil acidification |
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487 | (1) |
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Recovery from acidic deposition |
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488 | (1) |
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Changes in global atmospheric chemistry |
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489 | (1) |
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489 | (2) |
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Long-term forest soil fauna biodiversity studies |
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489 | (1) |
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Forest soil biodiversity: disturbance |
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490 | (1) |
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Forest soil biodiversity: introduced earthworms |
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491 | (1) |
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Forest soils research: long-term studies using the ecosystem approach |
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491 | (4) |
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Rothamsted experiment station: wilderness experiment |
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492 | (1) |
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Long-term forest ecosystem responses and "ecological surprises" |
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492 | (3) |
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Lessons learned from long-term forest soils research |
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495 | (1) |
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496 | (9) |
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Chapter 20 On the horizon |
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505 | (6) |
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Index |
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511 | |