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Global Change and Forest Soils: Cultivating Stewardship of a Finite Natural Resource, Volume 36 [Pehme köide]

Volume editor (Stand Ecology Program Leader, Ontario Ministry of ), Volume editor (USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, HI, USA), Volume editor (Research soil scientist, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, California, USA), Volume editor
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 538 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x191 mm, kaal: 1120 g
  • Sari: Developments in Soil Science
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Nov-2019
  • Kirjastus: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 0444639985
  • ISBN-13: 9780444639981
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 538 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x191 mm, kaal: 1120 g
  • Sari: Developments in Soil Science
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Nov-2019
  • Kirjastus: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 0444639985
  • ISBN-13: 9780444639981
Teised raamatud teemal:

Global Change and Forest Soils: Cultivating Stewardship of a Finite Natural Resource, Volume 36, provides a state-of-the-science summary and synthesis of global forest soils that identifies concerns, issues and opportunities for soil adaptation and mitigation as external pressures from global changes arise. Where, how and why some soils are resilient to global change while others are at risk is explored, as are upcoming train wrecks and success stories across boreal, temperate, and tropical forests. Each chapter offers multiple sections written by leading soil scientists who comment on wildfires, climate change and forest harvesting effects, while also introducing examples of current global issues.

Readers will find this book to be an integrated, up-to-date assessment on global forest soils.

  • Presents sections on boreal, temperate and tropical soils for a diverse audience
  • Serves as an important reference source for anyone interested in both a big-picture assessment of global soil issues and an in-depth examination of specific environmental topics
  • Provides a unique synthesis of forest soils and their collective ability to respond to global change
  • Offers chapters written by leading soil scientists
  • Prepares readers to meet the daily challenges of drafting multi-resource environmental science and policy documents
Contributors xvii
Part 1 Forest soils and global change
Chapter 1 Introduction
3(6)
Matt Busse
Christian P. Giardina
Dave M. Morris
Deborah S. Page-Dumroese
Acknowledgments
7(1)
References
7(2)
Chapter 2 Forest soils in the Anthropocene
9(18)
Dan Binkley
A world without soils
9(2)
Case study 1: one step on Hans Jenny's ecological staircase
11(2)
Case study 2: rainfall and time in Hawaii
13(1)
Case study 3: can trees heal soils? The Calhoun forest experience
14(2)
Case study 4: soil changes from intensive silviculture across Brazil, with a side trip to Hawaii
16(2)
Case study 5: detecting soil change across Sweden
18(3)
Moving into the future of forest soils
21(1)
How will forest soils change into the future?
22(2)
Acknowledgments
24(1)
References
24(3)
Chapter 3 Drivers of soil change
27(16)
Asmeret Asefaw Berhe
Introduction
27(6)
Mechanisms and outcomes of soil change
27(4)
Soil degradation
31(1)
Loss of soil heterogeneity
32(1)
Direct drivers of soil change
33(3)
Land conversions
33(1)
Intensive land use
33(1)
Climate variability and its role in soil development and biogeochemical cycling
34(2)
Biological invasions: implication for biogeochemical cycling and soil water holding capacity
36(1)
Indirect drivers of soil change
36(3)
Demographic drivers
36(1)
Economic drivers
37(1)
Socio-political drivers
37(1)
Cultural and religious drivers
38(1)
Education, science, and technology drivers
38(1)
Conclusion
39(1)
References
39(4)
Chapter 4 History of forest soils knowledge and research
43(16)
Jennifer D. Knoepp
Mary Beth Adams
Robert Harrison
Larry West
Stephanie Laseter
Daniel Markewitz
Daniel D. Richter
Mac A. Callaham, Jr.
Introduction: forest soils in history
43(1)
Milestones in forest soil knowledge
44(9)
Soil classification and survey
44(3)
An overview of the development of forest soils knowledge
47(5)
Inclusion of soil science in forestry education in the US
52(1)
Conclusions
53(1)
References
53(6)
Part 2 Bioregional soils and global change
Chapter 5 Boreal forests and soils
59(24)
Evelyne Thiffault
Introduction
59(1)
General features of boreal forests
60(6)
Climate
60(1)
Geology and geomorphology
61(1)
Vegetation
62(2)
Disturbances
64(2)
Soils in the boreal forest
66(8)
Soils mainly conditioned by climate
66(5)
Soils mainly conditioned by topography/physiography
71(1)
Soils conditioned by climate and topography/physiography
71(3)
Boreal soils and climate change
74(3)
Conclusion
77(1)
References
77(6)
Chapter 6 Temperate forests and soils
83(26)
Mary Beth Adams
Charlene Kelly
John Kabrick
Jamie Schuler
Introduction
83(2)
Description of temperate forests
85(2)
Temperate deciduous forests
86(1)
Temperate evergreen forests
87(1)
Soils in the temperate forest
87(4)
Temperate deciduous forest soils
87(2)
Temperate evergreen forest soils
89(1)
Distinctions between deciduous and evergreen forest soils
90(1)
Sensitivity of temperate forest soils to climate change
91(7)
Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on temperate forest soils
92(2)
Effects of warming on temperate forest soils
94(2)
Effects of altered precipitation on temperate forest soils
96(1)
Interactions of changing precipitation and temperature on forest soils
96(1)
Effects of extreme events on temperate forest soils
97(1)
Conclusions
98(3)
References
101(8)
Chapter 7 Tropical dry forest soils: global change and local-scale consequences for soil biogeochemical processes
109(22)
Victor J. Jaramillo
Guillermo N. Murray-Tortamlo
Introduction
109(2)
Overview of relevant global change drivers for TDF soils: climate and land use
111(1)
Climate
112(5)
Climate trends between 1985 and 2015: potential implication for TDF soils
112(2)
Site-level consequences of precipitation seasonality and variability on soil carbon and nutrient dynamics
114(3)
Land use change
117(5)
Current global trend of land use change in TDF regions: 1985 to 2015
117(1)
Local scale consequences of TDF conversion to agriculture on soil carbon and nutrients: fire and management
118(3)
Trends in soil carbon and nutrients during secondary succession
121(1)
Synthesis and future trends
122(2)
Acknowledgments
124(1)
References
125(6)
Chapter 8 Wet tropical soils and global change
131(40)
Daniela F Cusack
Erika Marin-Spiotta
Introduction
131(3)
Tropical deforestation effects on soils
134(4)
Deforestation and soil carbon storage and cycling
134(1)
Deforestation and nutrient availability
135(1)
Deforestation management and research recommendations
136(2)
Tropical land cover change effects on soils
138(5)
Land cover change and soil carbon storage and cycling
138(2)
Land cover change and soil nutrient availability
140(2)
Land cover change management and research recommendations
142(1)
Tropical climate change effects on soils
143(5)
Climate change and soil carbon storage and cycling
143(3)
Climate change and soil nutrient availability
146(1)
Climate change management and research recommendations
147(1)
Tropical CO2 fertilization effect on soils
148(2)
CO2 fertilization and soil carbon storage and cycling
148(1)
CO2 fertilization and soil nutrient availability
149(1)
CO2 fertilization management and research recommendations
150(1)
Tropical nitrogen deposition effects on soils
150(5)
Nitrogen deposition and soil carbon storage and cycling
151(1)
Nitrogen deposition and nutrient availability
152(1)
Nitrogen deposition management and research recommendations
153(2)
Conclusions
155(1)
Acknowledgments
155(1)
References
155(16)
Chapter 9 Effects of climate change on forested wetland soils
171(18)
Carl C. Trettin
Martin F. Jurgensen
Zhaohua Dai
Introduction
171(1)
Forested wetlands
171(2)
Description of wetland types
172(1)
Forested wetland soils
173(3)
Mineral and organic soils
173(3)
Soil processes
176(2)
Carbon
176(1)
Nitrogen
177(1)
Tidal forest soils
177(1)
Effects of climate change
178(4)
Atmospheric temperature
178(1)
Precipitation
179(1)
Extreme weather events
180(1)
Sea level rise
181(1)
Forested wetland loss
182(1)
Perspectives
182(1)
References
183(6)
Chapter 10 Climate change and urban forest soils
189(26)
Richard V. Pouyat
Tara L.E. Trammell
Introduction
189(1)
What is an urban soil?
190(1)
The Urban Soil Continuum
190(1)
Direct and indirect effects
191(1)
Response of urban soils to climate change
192(1)
Indirect effects
193(1)
Environmental change
193(1)
Chemical/resource change
194(1)
Species change
194(1)
Direct effects
194(1)
Land use changes
194(1)
Physical changes
195(1)
Resource changes
195(1)
Urban environments as analogs to climate change
195(1)
Urban-rural environmental comparisons
196(1)
C and N cycling-examples of whole ecosystem responses
197(3)
Implications to plant health
198(1)
Implications to soil health
199(1)
Urban soils: the brown infrastructure of cities and towns
200(1)
Ecosystem services
201(1)
Maintaining biodiversity
201(1)
Maintaining biogeochemical cycles
201(1)
Pollution storage
201(1)
Soils mitigate global change
202(1)
Water storage
202(1)
Carbon storage
203(1)
Soil organism resiliency
203(1)
Summary and conclusions
203(1)
References
204(11)
Part 3 Practical considerations for the assessment and management of forest soils in a changing world
Chapter 11 Soil carbon management
215(44)
Luke Nave
Erika Marin-Spiotta
Todd Ontl
Matt Peters
Chris Swanston
Why is forest soil carbon important?
215(1)
Scale and scope of this chapter
216(3)
What controls variation in forest soil C?
219(2)
SOC vulnerability and management across Earth's forests
221(21)
Global to domain-level patterns
222(3)
Patterns within domains: tropical domain
225(4)
Patterns within domains: subtropical domain
229(5)
Patterns within domains: temperate domain
234(4)
Patterns within domains: boreal domain
238(3)
Concluding remarks
241(1)
References
242(17)
Chapter 12 Ecosystem management and ecological restoration in the Anthropocene: integrating global change, soils, and disturbance in boreal and Mediterranean forests
259(50)
Hugh D. Safford
V. Ramon Vallejo
Introduction
260(3)
Boreal forests
263(14)
Climate, vegetation, soils, and human history
263(3)
Disturbance
266(3)
Climate change impacts
269(4)
Boreal forest management and restoration under global change
273(2)
Major global change-related stressors and their implications in boreal forests
275(2)
Mediterranean climate-zone forests and woodlands
277(17)
Climate, vegetation, soils, and human history
277(4)
Disturbance
281(2)
Climate change impacts
283(3)
Mediterranean forest and woodland management and restoration under global change
286(6)
Major global change-related stressors and their implications in mediterranean climate region forests
292(2)
Conclusion
294(3)
References
297(12)
Chapter 13 Rehabilitating forest soils after disturbance
309(36)
Cindy E. Prescott
Jan Frouz
Sue J. Grayston
Sylvie A. Quideau
Justin Straker
Introduction
309(24)
Soil organic matter
311(3)
Nutrients
314(3)
Soil water
317(4)
Soil microorganisms
321(3)
Soil fauna
324(8)
Soil structure
332(1)
Recommendations
333(1)
References
334(11)
Chapter 14 A new era of digital soil mapping across forested landscapes
345(28)
Chuck Bulmer
David Pare
Grant M. Domke
Introduction
345(6)
The transformation of soil maps from analog to digital
346(2)
Opportunities for improving forest soil information using DSM
348(3)
Concepts in DSM
351(3)
DSM and predictive ecosystem mapping
353(1)
From pedons to regions: the process of DSM
354(4)
Defining the population of interest: mapping objectives
354(1)
Soil variables for classification and prediction
355(1)
Sources of information
355(2)
Comparing studies
357(1)
Using DSM to guide the adaptation of forest management to global change
358(3)
Mapping soil properties
360(1)
Uncertainty in soil mapping
361(1)
Temporal analysis: using DSM to evaluate forest change
361(4)
Soil carbon
362(2)
DSM as a tool for quantitative evaluation of soil processes
364(1)
Conclusions
365(2)
References
367(6)
Chapter 15 A 'healthy' balance - The role of physical and chemical properties in maintaining forest soil function in a changing world
373(24)
Jeff Hatten
Garrett Liles
Introduction
373(5)
Interdependent factors - soil physical and chemical conditions
378(5)
The physical environment
378(1)
Soil pH and nutrient availability
378(1)
Soil texture, specific surface area, and soil charge
379(2)
Soil development
381(2)
Soil organic matter
383(1)
Soils and plant function
383(1)
The rhizosphere is where plant and soil meet!
383(1)
Gas exchange
384(1)
Water infiltration and percolation
384(1)
Threats to soil health
384(4)
Climate change and elevated atmospheric CO2
384(1)
Acid deposition and pollution
385(1)
Changing fire regimes
386(1)
Forest harvesting and intensive forest management
386(1)
Deforestation and land conversion
387(1)
Afforestation and restoration of deforested landscapes
388(1)
The vulnerability of soils to change
388(3)
Sites with low organic matter content and nutrient storage capacity
389(1)
Sites with poor pH buffering capacity
389(1)
Fine-textured soils and sites with restricted water infiltration capacity
389(1)
Best management practices to maintain soil health
389(1)
An approach to soil health monitoring
390(1)
A shared future
391(1)
References
391(6)
Chapter 16 Assessing soil biological health in forest soils
397(30)
T.H. DeLuca
M.R.A. Pingree
S. Gao
Introduction
397(1)
Forest soil architecture, carbon storage, and biotic activity
398(2)
Functional roles of forest soil organisms
400(9)
Decomposition and cycling of organic matter
400(3)
Mycorrhizae and nutrient acquisition
403(2)
Nitrogen fixation
405(1)
Autotrophic activity
406(1)
Anaerobes and the role of microsites
406(1)
Soil fauna and organic matter turnover
407(2)
Assessing biotic abundance and diversity in forest soils
409(7)
Historical methods
409(1)
Measuring soil microbial biomass
410(1)
Direct counts of soil fauna
411(1)
Enzyme activities
412(1)
Phospholipid fatty acid profiles
412(2)
Molecular methods
414(2)
Opportunities
416(1)
References
417(10)
Chapter 17 Biochar use in global forests: opportunities and challenges
427(28)
Viktor J. Bruckman
Jukka Pumpanen
Introduction
427(2)
Definitions, properties and production
429(3)
Definitions
429(1)
Biochar production
430(2)
Historical perspective
432(1)
Biochar benefits in forest ecosystems
433(4)
Improved (stable) C stocks in soil and positive impacts on GHG exchange
433(1)
Improvement of forest productivity
433(2)
Albedo effect
435(1)
Restoration of contaminated or degraded land
435(1)
Water protection
436(1)
Growth medium for forest seedlings
436(1)
Short rotation woody crops (SRWC)
437(1)
Challenges in forest ecosystems
437(2)
Incorporating biochar into mineral soil
437(1)
Operational use of biochar
438(1)
Boreal forests
439(2)
Temperate forests
441(1)
Tropical forests
442(2)
Tropical charcoal markets
444(1)
Conclusions
444(2)
Acknowledgments
446(1)
References
446(9)
Chapter 18 Environmental policy and forest soil conservation: Canada's experience to date
455(18)
Barbara Kishchuk
Miren Lorente
Mark Johnston
Introduction: forest management policy as a proxy for forest soil conservation policy
455(8)
Provincial and territorial government policy
457(3)
Forest certification and criteria and indicator systems
460(2)
Federal and international policy that is external to forest management
462(1)
Role of current policy in conserving forest soil values, goods, and services
463(1)
What if it's not enough?
464(1)
Conclusion
465(4)
References
469(4)
Web Links for Certification Bodies:
471(2)
Chapter 19 Long-term forest soils research: lessons learned from the US experience
473(32)
Jennifer Knoepp
Daniel Markewitz
Mac A. Callaham, Jr.
Mary Beth Adams
Stephanie H. Laseter
Larry West
Robert Harrison
Daniel D. Richter
Introduction
473(2)
Research to understand the impacts of land use on soils
475(4)
Establishment of research networks
475(2)
The DIRT experiment
477(2)
Historical accounting of forest soils research
479(7)
Forest soils research: general
479(1)
Forest soils research: forest management
480(6)
Acid rain impacts on forest soils
486(3)
Research efforts on acid deposition and soil acidification
487(1)
Recovery from acidic deposition
488(1)
Changes in global atmospheric chemistry
489(1)
Forest soil biodiversity
489(2)
Long-term forest soil fauna biodiversity studies
489(1)
Forest soil biodiversity: disturbance
490(1)
Forest soil biodiversity: introduced earthworms
491(1)
Forest soils research: long-term studies using the ecosystem approach
491(4)
Rothamsted experiment station: wilderness experiment
492(1)
Long-term forest ecosystem responses and "ecological surprises"
492(3)
Lessons learned from long-term forest soils research
495(1)
References
496(9)
Chapter 20 On the horizon
505(6)
Dave M. Morris
Deborah S. Page-Dumroese
Christian P. Giardina
Matt Busse
Index 511
Dr. Busse is a research soil scientist with the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, in Davis, California. Matt received his Ph.D. from Oregon State University in Soil Microbiology and his research for the past 15 years has focused on soil carbon storage and flux, herbicide toxicity to soil organisms, and soil heat transfer in managed forests of North America and Europe. During this time he served as Leader for the Water, Air, and Soil research team. His estimates of soil heating maxima and duration are used by forest managers and fire scientists for predicting changes in soil quality and plant recovery following burning for fuel reduction and ecosystem restoration purposes. He is an active contributor to the North American Long-term Soil Productivity Study, helping increase knowledge of soil carbon and nutrient turnover following forest harvesting. Prior to this, his work focused on symbiotic nitrogen fixation and microbial ecology in agricultural and forested systems. His long-standing interest in human-associated impacts on global forest soils expanded while co-teaching Forests and Society for 10 years with members of the Land, Air, and Water Resources department at the University of California, Davis. Dr. Giardina received his BS in Zoology from Duke University, his MA in Religious Studies from Iliff School of Theology, his MS in Forestry from Colorado State University, and his PhD in Biology from University of Denver. Christian has been a research scientist with the USDA Forest Service since 2002 serving in Houghton, Michigan where he worked in the belowground processes unit of the Northern Research Station, and then in Hilo, Hawaii, where he continues to work at the Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. His research focuses on carbon cycling in tropical ecosystems, with a focus on understanding the response of tropical forests to disturbance, including fire and invasions, and to climate change, including warming and drought. He also leads research on tropical forest restoration and the development of cost-effective strategies for community based resource stewardship. He led the recently completed Hawaii Carbon Assessment, a statewide effort supporting a congressionally mandated US inventory of current and future ecosystem carbon stocks. He also serves on the Hawaii Greenhouse Gas and Emissions Reductions Task Force, which was established to develop a comprehensive strategy for achieving a carbon neutral Hawaii by 2045. Dr. Morris received both his BScF and MScF from Lakehead University and his PhD from the University of Guelph in Environmental Biology. Dave has been a research scientist with the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry since 1986, and is currently the Stand Ecology Program Leader at the Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research in Thunder Bay, ON. His research program focuses on nutrient cycling in boreal systems, with particular emphasis on evaluating the impacts of forest disturbance, including biomass harvesting systems, on stand structural development, stand nutrition, and productivity. His research has been instrumental in the development of Ontarios forest management guidelines with respect to biofibre harvest, with ongoing research efforts designed to evaluate the effectiveness of these guidelines within an adaptive management framework. Dr. Page-Dumroese received her BSc in Natural Resource Management from Grand Valley State University, her MSc in Forest Soils from Michigan Technological University, and her PhD in Forest Soils from the University of Idaho. Debbie has been a Research Soil Scientist with the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station since 1988. She is the lead coordinator for the North American Long-Term Soil Productivity study which integrates forest responses with soil impacts. She also leads a national effort on the use biochar on forest, range, and mine sites to restore soil processes and hydrologic function. Her research on soil disturbance resulted in the development of a soil monitoring protocol now used by Forest Service land managers across the country.