Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Grammar of Bunaq [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 621 pages, kõrgus x laius: 240x170 mm, kaal: 1150 g, 106 Tables, black and white; 12 Illustrations, black and white; maps
  • Sari: Mouton Grammar Library [MGL]
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-Jul-2022
  • Kirjastus: De Gruyter Mouton
  • ISBN-10: 3110714507
  • ISBN-13: 9783110714500
Teised raamatud teemal:
Grammar of BunaqSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 621 pages, kõrgus x laius: 240x170 mm, kaal: 1150 g, 106 Tables, black and white; 12 Illustrations, black and white; maps
  • Sari: Mouton Grammar Library [MGL]
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-Jul-2022
  • Kirjastus: De Gruyter Mouton
  • ISBN-10: 3110714507
  • ISBN-13: 9783110714500
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9783110714500.html
Märksõnad:
Revising her 2010 PhD dissertation at Canberra Australian National University, Schapper presents a grammar of the Bunaq language as spoken in Lamaknen, West Timor, Indonesia. Bunaq is a Papuan (non-Austronesian) language spoken in the central mountainous region of the island of Timor, she says, in both the former Dutch colony that is now part of Indonesia, and the former Portuguese colony that is now the independent country Timor-Leste, or East Timor. Annotation ©2022 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

The series builds an extensive collection of high quality descriptions of languages around the world. Each volume offers a comprehensive grammatical description of a single language together with fully analyzed sample texts and, if appropriate, a word list and other relevant information which is available on the language in question. There are no restrictions as to language family or area, and although special attention is paid to hitherto undescribed languages, new and valuable treatments of better known languages are also included. No theoretical model is imposed on the authors; the only criterion is a high standard of scientific quality.



This is a comprehensive grammar of the Papuan language Bunaq as spoken in the district of Lamaknen. Bunaq belongs to the Timor-Alor-Pantar language family, which comprises the westernmost Papuan languages. Surrounded on all sides by Austronesian languages, Bunaq has developed in isolation from other members of the family, and as a result shows a range of unique morphosyntactic patterns. This grammar provides a detailed synchronic description of Bunaq based on a functional-typological approach. Following additional fieldwork and containing new material and analyses, this book is a thoroughly revised version of the author’s 2010 PhD thesis, which won the Pa ini Award of the Association for Linguistic Typology.

Acknowledgements v
Abbreviations and glossing conventions xxi
Chapter 1 The Bunaq language and its speakers 1(39)
1.1 Introduction: locating the Bunaq
1(2)
1.2 Language names
3(1)
1.3 Historical setting: Extent and dispersal of the Bunaq
4(9)
1.3.1 Bunaq in West Timor
5(3)
1.3.1.1 Bunaq in northern Belu
6(2)
1.3.1.2 Bunaq in southern Belu
8(1)
1.3.2 Bunaq in East Timor
8(4)
1.3.2.1 Bunaq in Bobonaro and Zumalai
8(1)
1.3.2.2 Bunaq in western Covalima
9(1)
1.3.2.3 Bunaq in Ainaro and Manufahi
10(2)
1.3.3 The Bunaq homeland
12(1)
1.4 Sociolinguistic setting: numbers, vitality, and bilingualism
13(1)
1.5 Bunaq dialects
14(3)
1.6 Genealogical affiliations
17(4)
1.6.1 Low-level affiliations
17(2)
1.6.2 High-level affiliations
19(2)
1.7 Borrowing and influence
21(9)
1.7.1 Borrowings from Central Timor
22(2)
1.7.2 Tetun borrowings and calques
24(5)
1.7.3 Borrowings from unknown Austronesian sources
29(1)
1.8 Ritual language: parallelism
30(1)
1.9 Linguistic type
31(5)
1.9.1 Typological overview
31(1)
1.9.2 Bunaq as a Papuan language
32(4)
1.10 Previous work
36(1)
1.11 This work: Fieldwork and data
37(3)
1.11.1 Fieldwork
37(1)
1.11.2 Kinds of data
38(2)
Chapter 2 Phonology and morphophonology 40(43)
2.1 Introduction
40(1)
2.2 Phoneme inventory
40(17)
2.2.1 Vowel phonemes
40(1)
2.2.2 Diphthong phonemes
41(2)
2.2.3 Consonant phonemes
43(11)
2.2.3.1 Voiceless stops
45(1)
2.2.3.2 Voiced stops
46(2)
2.2.3.2.1 /b/
46(1)
2.2.3.2.2 /d/
46(1)
2.2.3.2.3 /g/
47(1)
2.2.3.3 Fricatives
48(1)
2.2.3.4 Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate
49(2)
2.2.3.5 Liquids
51(1)
2.2.3.6 Nasals
51(1)
2.2.3.7 Approximant
52(1)
2.2.3.8 Glottal stop
53(1)
2.2.4 Phoneme adaptation in loans
54(3)
2.3 Phonotactics
57(9)
2.3.1 Syllable structure
57(1)
2.3.2 Word templates
58(2)
2.3.3 Phoneme distribution
60(1)
2.3.4 Cluster constraint violations
61(2)
2.3.4.1 Consonant clusters in loans
61(1)
2.3.4.2 Consonant clusters in native words
62(1)
2.3.5 Vowel sequences
63(1)
2.3.6 Phonetic glide insertion between VV sequences
64(1)
2.3.7 Glottal stop as boundary marker
65(1)
2.4 Stress
66(3)
2.5 Morphophonology
69(8)
2.5.1 Prefixation
69(4)
2.5.1.1 Vowel harmony
69(1)
2.5.1.2 Vowel deletion
70(1)
2.5.1.3 Metathesis
70(3)
2.5.1.4 Loss of initial /h/
73(1)
2.5.2 Suffixation with -wen
73(1)
2.5.3 Reduplication
74(3)
2.5.3.1 Full reduplication and repetition
74(1)
2.5.3.2 Partial reduplication
75(1)
2.5.3.3 Reduplication with vowel changes
76(1)
2.6 Irregularities in prefixation
77(4)
2.6.1 Irregular prefixes
77(1)
2.6.2 Irregular roots
78(5)
2.6.2.1 Root reduction
78(1)
2.6.2.2 Root mutation
79(1)
2.6.2.3 Initial consonant alternations
80(1)
2.7 Orthography
81(2)
Chapter 3 Word classes 83(38)
3.1 Introduction
83(1)
3.2 Nouns
83(7)
3.2.1 Nominal compounds
85(5)
3.2.1.1 Left-headed compounds
85(1)
3.2.1.2 Right-headed compounds
86(2)
3.2.1.3 Nominal coordinative compounds
88(2)
3.3 Verbs
90(6)
3.3.1 Lack of an adjective class
91(3)
3.3.2 Verbal coordinative compounds
94(2)
3.4 Noun-verb conversion
96(1)
3.5 Minor word classes
97(16)
3.5.1 Pronouns
97(2)
3.5.2 Interrogatives
99(2)
3.5.3 Locationals
101(3)
3.5.4 Determiners
104(1)
3.5.5 Numerals
105(5)
3.5.5.1 Excursus on the numeral uen 'one'
109(1)
3.5.6 Postpositions
110(1)
3.5.7 Interjections
111(2)
3.6 Problems in the classification of the lexicon
113(8)
3.6.1 Verbal postpositions
113(3)
3.6.2 Quantificational items in the NP
116(1)
3.6.3 Adverbs
117(1)
3.6.4 Clause conjunctions
118(3)
Chapter 4 The clause 121(63)
4.1 Introduction
121(1)
4.2 Verbal clauses
121(10)
4.2.1 Monovalent clauses
122(2)
4.2.2 Bivalent clauses
124(2)
4.2.3 Trivalent clauses
126(2)
4.2.4 Verbal clauses with unmarked obliques
128(2)
4.2.5 Summary
130(1)
4.3 Non-verbal clauses
131(6)
4.3.1 Nominal clauses
131(1)
4.3.2 Postpositional clauses
132(1)
4.3.3 Possessive clauses
133(1)
4.3.4 Clauses with complex predicates of physical, emotional, and character traits
134(3)
4.4 Peripheral constituents in the clause
137(2)
4.5 Negative clauses
139(3)
4.5.1 Clausal negation with niq 'NEG'
139(2)
4.5.2 Other negators
141(1)
4.6 Non-declarative clauses
142(12)
4.6.1 Imperatives
142(4)
4.6.1.1 Imperatives and hortatives with naq 'PRIOR'
143(1)
4.6.1.2 Invitations/permissions with ma! 'go'
144(1)
4.6.1.3 Responses to imperatives
145(1)
4.6.2 Questions
146(6)
4.6.2.1 Information questions
146(2)
4.6.2.2 Polar questions
148(6)
4.6.2.2.1 Unmarked polar questions
148(1)
4.6.2.2.2 Questions soliciting agreement with =e 'AGREE'
149(1)
4.6.2.2.3 Alternative questions with =ka 'OR'
149(1)
4.6.2.2.4 Monitoring the addressee questions with =to 'CONF'
150(1)
4.6.2.2.5 Answers to polar questions
151(1)
4.6.3 Exclamatives
152(2)
4.7 Pragmatic variation in the clause
154(30)
4.7.1 Variation in argument realisation
154(6)
4.7.1.1 Anaphoric elision
154(3)
4.7.1.2 Zero pro of generic/non-referential As: a functional passive?
157(3)
4.7.2 Variation in word order
160(11)
4.7.2.1 Dislocation
160(5)
4.7.2.1.1 Left-dislocation
162(1)
4.7.2.1.2 Right-dislocation
163(2)
4.7.2.2 Fronting and other clause-internal word order variation
165(3)
4.7.2.3 Animacy effects on word order
168(3)
4.7.3 Variation in bivalent verb agreement
171(3)
4.7.4 Discourse markers
174(11)
4.7.4.1 Relator enclitics
175(4)
4.7.4.1.1 =bu 'GIVEN'
175(2)
4.7.4.1.2 =be 'CONTEXP'
177(2)
4.7.4.2 Focus enclitics
179(9)
4.7.4.2.1 =o 'AND'
180(1)
4.7.4.2.2 =sa 'EVEN'
181(1)
4.7.4.2.3 =no 'FOC'
182(2)
Chapter 5 Noun phrases 184(46)
5.1 Noun phrase structure
184(1)
5.2 Nominal classification
185(14)
5.2.1 Overview of noun class agreement targets
186(1)
5.2.2 Nouns referring to animates
186(2)
5.2.3 Nouns referring to inanimates
188(7)
5.2.3.1 Nouns referring to entities with animate-like properties
189(1)
5.2.3.2 Nouns referring to edible plant cultivars
190(2)
5.2.3.3 Nouns referring to items of human production
192(1)
5.2.3.4 Nouns referring to oral and written forms of literature
193(1)
5.2.3.5 Nouns referring to items of clothing and jewellery
193(1)
5.2.3.6 Nouns referring to money and currency
194(1)
5.2.3.7 Nouns referring to rocks and hard items
195(1)
5.2.4 Noun class reassignment
195(4)
5.2.4.1 Reassignment in reference to groups of animates
195(1)
5.2.4.2 Reassignment in reference to controlled natural elements
196(1)
5.2.4.3 Reassignment in reference to plants
197(2)
5.3 NMOD modifiers of NHEADS
199(4)
5.3.1 Inalienably possessed nouns as NMODS
200(2)
5.3.2 An agreeing NmoD
202(1)
5.4 Attributive verbs and relative clauses
203(5)
5.4.1 Attributive verbs and non-restrictive relative clauses
203(2)
5.4.2 Restrictive relative clauses
205(1)
5.4.3 NP accessibility to relativisation
206(2)
5.4.3.1 Unmarked obliques as RC heads
206(1)
5.4.3.2 NP complements of verbal postpositions as RC heads
207(1)
5.4.3.2 NP complements of postpositions as RC heads
207(1)
5.4.3.4 Possessors as RC heads
208(1)
5.5 Indefiniteness marking
208(4)
5.5.1 uen 'one'
209(1)
5.5.2 bun 'INDEF'
210(2)
5.6 Nominal quantification
212(13)
5.6.1 Numerals and numeral classifiers
212(2)
5.6.1.1 Numeral classifier construction
212(1)
5.6.1.2 QUANT + uen 'one' construction
213(1)
5.6.2 Human plurality: halaqi 'PL'
214(2)
5.6.3 Quantificational mil 'inside'
216(2)
5.6.3.1 Human collective
216(1)
5.6.3.2 Temporal duration
217(1)
5.6.4 Animate group plural: g-inil '3AN-name'
218(1)
5.6.5 Animal group plural: g-omoq '3AN-udder'
219(1)
5.6.6 Partitive plural: waqen 'PART.PL'
220(1)
5.6.7 Universal quantification: hotu~hotu 'all'
221(1)
5.6.8 Quantification of 'kinds'
222(2)
5.6.9 Distributive plurality by reduplication
224(1)
5.7 Nominal conjunction and disjunction
225(5)
5.7.1 Zero conjunction
225(1)
5.7.2 Conjunction with =o, 'AND'
226(1)
5.7.3 Conjunction with halali 'DU'
227(1)
5.7.4 Conjunction with ai 'ONLY'
228(1)
5.7.5 Disjunction with =ka 'OR'
228(2)
Chapter 6 Pronouns and person reference 230(25)
6.1 Introduction
230(1)
6.2 Pronominal person reference
230(15)
6.2.1 Pronouns and person prefixes
231(3)
6.2.2 Pronoun and determiner combinations
234(1)
6.2.3 Dual versus plural number in pronouns
235(1)
6.2.4 Additional referential uses of pronouns
236(9)
6.2.4.1 Generic reference
236(3)
6.2.4.1.1 Generic i'1pl.incl'
236(2)
6.2.4.1.2 Generic eto '12SG'
238(1)
6.2.4.2 Polite reference
239(7)
6.2.4.2.1 Superior nei '1PL.EXCL'
239(2)
6.2.4.2.2 Honorific i '1PL.INCL'
241(2)
6.2.4.2.3 Respectful ei '2PL'
243(1)
6.2.4.2.4 Polite halaqi '3PL' and halali '3DU'
243(1)
6.2.4.2.5 Hierarchy of polite pronoun uses
244(1)
6.3 Non-pronominal person reference
245(8)
6.3.1 Kin terms
246(5)
6.3.1.1 With kin
247(2)
6.3.1.2 With non-kin
249(2)
6.3.2 Personal names
251(2)
6.4 Summary
253(2)
Chapter 7 Determiners 255(47)
7.1 Introduction
255(1)
7.2 Overview of determiner functions
256(2)
7.3 Proximal demonstrative
258(9)
7.3.1 In the nominal domain
258(6)
7.3.1.1 Spatial use
258(1)
7.3.1.2 Temporal use
259(1)
7.3.1.3 Anaphoric use
259(2)
7.3.1.4 "Closeness" of relation use
261(2)
7.3.1.5 Non-anaphoric uses
263(1)
7.3.2 In the clausal domain
264(3)
7.3.2.1 Non-embedded use
264(1)
7.3.2.2 Thematic use
265(1)
7.3.2.3 Sentence connective use
265(2)
7.4 Non-proximal demonstrative
267(10)
7.4.1 In the nominal domain
267(8)
7.4.1.1 Spatial use
267(1)
7.4.1.2 Temporal use
268(1)
7.4.1.3 Anaphoric use
269(2)
7.4.1.4 Use in referring to a new discourse participant
271(1)
7.4.1.5 Use in person deixis
272(3)
7.4.2 In the clausal domain
275(2)
7.4.2.1 Non-embedded use
275(1)
7.4.2.2 Thematic use
276(1)
7.4.2.3 Sentence connective use
277(1)
7.5 Specifier demonstrative
277(8)
7.5.1 In the nominal domain
278(3)
7.5.1.1 Spatial use
278(2)
7.5.1.2 Discourse use
280(1)
7.5.2 In the clausal domain
281(4)
7.5.2.1 Non-embedded nominalisation use
281(2)
7.5.2.2 Thematic use
283(1)
7.5.2.3 Sentence connective use
283(2)
7.6 Contrastive demonstrative
285(9)
7.6.1 In the nominal domain
285(5)
7.6.1.1 Contrastive use
285(2)
7.6.1.2 Topic shift use
287(1)
7.6.1.3 Sequential use
288(2)
7.6.2 In the clausal domain
290(4)
7.6.2.1 Thematic use
291(1)
7.6.2.2 Sentence connective use
292(2)
7.7 Counter-expectational demonstrative
294(3)
7.7.1 In the nominal domain
294(2)
7.7.2 In the clausal domain
296(1)
7.8 Article
297(5)
7.8.1 In the nominal domain
297(3)
7.8.2 In the clausal domain
300(2)
Chapter 8 Locationals 302(27)
8.1 Introduction
302(1)
8.2 Syntax of locational and NHEAD
303(5)
8.2.1 Pre-NHEAD use
303(2)
8.2.2 Post-NHEAD use
305(1)
8.2.3 No NHEAD use
306(1)
8.2.4 Frequency of locational uses
307(1)
8.3 Semantics of locationals
308(15)
8.3.1 Elevational locationals
308(6)
8.3.1.1 Elevation in real-world place- and path-finding in Lamaknen
310(4)
8.3.2 Place locationals
314(3)
8.3.3 Temporal/discourse locational
317(4)
8.3.4 Addressee locational
321(2)
8.4 Combining locationals
323(5)
8.4.1 Place locationals: here + there
323(1)
8.4.2 Elevational and place locationals
324(1)
8.4.3 Elevational locationals + addressee locational
325(2)
8.4.4 Temporal/discourse locational + addressee locational
327(1)
8.5 Summary
328(1)
Chapter 9 Adnominal possession and related constructions 329(27)
9.1 Introduction
329(1)
9.2 Indirect possession
330(8)
9.2.1 Preposed possessors
331(3)
9.2.1.1 Associativity: Indirect possessor constructions without a possessum
332(2)
9.2.2 Postposed possessors
334(4)
9.2.2.1 Possessor as destination
335(1)
9.2.2.2 Possessor as origin
336(2)
9.3 Direct possession
338(12)
9.3.1 Class I
339(2)
9.3.2 Class II
341(3)
9.3.3 Class III
344(2)
9.3.4 Class IV
346(1)
9.3.5 Class V
347(3)
9.4 From possessive phrases to possessive compounds
350(2)
9.5 Double possessor marking
352(2)
9.6 Summary
354(2)
Chapter 10 Verbs 356(32)
10.1 Introduction
356(1)
10.2 Bivalent verbs
357(14)
10.2.1 Class I bivalent verbs
357(1)
10.2.2 Class II bivalent verbs
358(1)
10.2.3 Class III bivalent verbs
359(2)
10.2.4 Class IV bivalent verbs
361(7)
10.2.4.1 h-conjugation verbs
362(3)
10.2.4.1.1 Note on /h/-initial items borrowed from Tetun
364(1)
10.2.4.2 s-conjugation verbs
365(1)
10.2.4.3 t-conjugation verbs
366(1)
10.2.4.4 d-conjugation verb
367(1)
10.2.4.5 L-conjugation verbs
367(1)
10.2.5 Bivalent verb classes with distinct agreement patterns
368(3)
10.2.5.1 Two transport verbs: tula 'move' and penen 'shift'
369(1)
10.2.5.2 Two keeping verbs: lumaq 'take care of' and bilan 'keep'
370(1)
10.3 Monovalent verbs
371(3)
10.3.1 Monovalent verbs without prefixes
372(1)
10.3.2 Monovalent verbs with prefixes
372(2)
10.4 Trivalent verbs
374(4)
10.4.1 h-ege '3INAN-give'
374(1)
10.4.2 h-ini '3INAN-call'
375(3)
10.5 Labile verbs
378(5)
10.5.1 Verbs of setting
379(1)
10.5.2 Verb of learning/teaching
380(1)
10.5.3 Verbs of mixing
381(1)
10.5.4 Causative labile verbs
381(2)
10.6 Verb classes with unmarked obliques
383(5)
10.6.1 Saturation verbs
383(1)
10.6.2 Existential verbs
384(2)
10.6.3 Motion verbs
386(1)
10.6.4 Verb of teaching
387(1)
Chapter 11 Valency-reducing morphology and deponency 388(34)
11.1 Introduction
388(1)
11.2 Prefixal deponency
388(2)
11.3 Reflexive dV-
390(13)
11.3.1 Reflexive situations
390(5)
11.3.1.1 On verbs and verbal postpositions
390(1)
11.3.1.2 On nouns
391(2)
11.3.1.3 Reflexive binding with complement clauses and serial verbs
393(2)
11.3.2 Middle situations
395(8)
11.3.2.1 Spontaneous events
395(2)
11.3.2.2 Self-benefactive events
397(2)
11.3.2.3 Cognitive events
399(1)
11.3.2.4 Body action events
400(2)
11.3.2.5 Impersonal middles
402(1)
11.4 Reciprocal tV-
403(12)
11.4.1 Reciprocal situations
403(2)
11.4.1.1 On verbs
403(1)
11.4.1.2 On nouns
404(1)
11.4.2 Symmetrical states
405(1)
11.4.3 Iterative events
405(1)
11.4.4 Situations with plurality of participants
406(4)
11.4.4.1 Fighting events
407(1)
11.4.4.2 Physical contact events
407(2)
11.4.4.3 Gathering events
409(1)
11.4.4.4 Verbs of (un)joining
410(1)
11.4.5 Uses of tV- 'RECP' on verbal postpositions
410(5)
11.4.5.1 Joint action t-erel 'RECP-INS'
411(1)
11.4.5.2 Uniting of participants: ti-ta 'RECP-GL'
412(1)
11.4.5.3 Symmetrical participation: t-o 'RECP-SRC'
413(2)
11.5 Anticausative -wen
415(7)
11.5.1 Anticausative use
415(4)
11.5.2 Moderative use
419(1)
11.5.3 Similative use
420(2)
Chapter 12 Expressing peripheral NPs 422(30)
12.1 Introduction
422(1)
12.2 Postpositions
422(8)
12.2.1 no 'OBL'
422(3)
12.2.1.1 Locative function
422(2)
12.2.1.2 Temporal function
424(1)
12.2.2 gene 'LOC'
425(1)
12.2.3 goet 'LIKE'
426(5)
12.2.3.1 Similative function
426(1)
12.2.3.2 Demonstrative manner function
427(1)
12.2.3.3 Introducing direct speech and thought
428(2)
12.3 Reason gie 'BECAUSE'
430(1)
12.4 Verbal postpositions
431(21)
12.4.1 g-utu '3-COM'
432(2)
12.4.2 dele 'INS'
434(3)
12.4.2.1 Instrument
434(1)
12.4.2.2 Cause
435(1)
12.4.2.3 Manner
436(1)
12.4.2.4 Non-controlling comitants
436(1)
12.4.3 a-ta '3INAN-GL'
437(4)
12.4.3.1 Goal
438(1)
12.4.3.2 Interest
439(1)
12.4.3.3 Motive
440(1)
12.4.4 g-o '3-SRC'
441(4)
12.4.4.1 Human source
441(1)
12.4.4.2 Point of relation/comparison
442(2)
12.4.4.3 Maleficiary
444(1)
12.4.4.4 Addressee
445(1)
12.4.5 h-otol '3INAN-WITHOUT'
445(2)
12.4.6 h-ege '3INAN-BEN'
447(3)
12.4.6.1 Beneficiary
447(1)
12.4.6.2 Addressee
448(1)
12.4.6.3 Theme of a cognitive event
449(1)
12.4.7 h-os '3INAN-WAIT'
450(1)
12.4.8 h-onogo '3INAN-SEPARATE'
451(1)
Chapter 13 Serial verb constructions 452(29)
13.1 Introduction
452(1)
13.2 Properties of Bunaq SVCs
452(3)
13.3 Syntactic types of SVCs in Bunaq
455(1)
13.4 Causative serialisation
456(2)
13.5 Resultative serialisation
458(1)
13.6 Manner serialisation
459(3)
13.6.1 Participant-oriented manner serialisation
460(1)
13.6.2 Event-oriented manner serialisation
461(1)
13.7 Intensifying serialisation
462(2)
13.8 Aspectual serialisation
464(8)
13.8.1 Serialisation with haqal 'finished'
464(4)
13.8.1.1 Completed action
465(1)
13.8.1.2 Complete state
466(1)
13.8.1.3 "Complete" quantification
467(1)
13.8.2 Serialisation with liol 'continue'
468(2)
13.8.2.1 Continuous action
469(1)
13.8.2.2 Immediate action
470(1)
13.8.3 Frequent action with des 'still'
470(2)
13.8.4 Persistent action with ciluq 'rest'
472(1)
13.9 Motion serialisation
472(9)
13.9.1 Origin-Motion-Goal SVCs
473(4)
13.9.2 Reversive motion SVCs
477(1)
13.9.3 Directional SVCs
478(3)
Chapter 14 Verbal and clausal modifiers 481(37)
14.1 Introduction
481(1)
14.2 Preverbal modification
481(11)
14.2.1 Modal adverbs
482(7)
14.2.1.1 misti 'must'
482(1)
14.2.1.2 sala 'should'
483(1)
14.2.1.3 asal 'necessarily'
484(1)
14.2.1.4 hilaq 'surprisingly'
485(1)
14.2.1.5 hele 'perhaps'
486(1)
14.2.1.6 kalaq 'maybe'
487(1)
14.2.1.7 hani 'plum'
488(1)
14.2.2 Manner adverbs
489(1)
14.2.2.1 nor 'aimlessly'
489(1)
14.2.2.2 naqi 'simply'
489(1)
14.2.3 Temporal adverbs
490(1)
14.2.4 Negative reinforcers
491(1)
14.3 Postverbal modification
492(26)
14.3.1 Postverbal adverbials
493(5)
14.3.1.1 Postverbal nominals
493(2)
14.3.1.1.1 Duration/distance measure nominals
493(2)
14.3.1.2 Temporal/aspectual adverbs
495(1)
14.3.1.3 Adverbs of addition and comparison
496(1)
14.3.1.4 Intensifiers
497(1)
14.3.2 Performative on 'DO'
498(4)
14.3.2.1 Emphasis
498(1)
14.3.2.2 Durative/progressive events
499(2)
14.3.2.3 Causation
501(1)
14.3.3 Prospective gie 'PROSP'
502(3)
14.3.3.1 gie oa 'be about to'
504(1)
14.3.3.2 gie taq 'just going to'
505(1)
14.3.4 Restrictive ai 'ONLY'
505(2)
14.3.5 Phasal polarity markers
507(5)
14.3.5.1 Continuative taq 'still'
508(1)
14.3.5.1.1 niq taq 'not yet'
509(1)
14.3.5.2 lamitive oa 'already'
509(3)
14.3.5.2.1 niq oa 'no more'
511(1)
14.3.6 Information markers
512(4)
14.3.6.1 Reportative gin 'REPORT'
512(2)
14.3.6.2 Informative nai 'INFORM'
514(2)
14.3.7 Priorative naq 'PRIOR'
516(2)
Chapter 15 Multiclausal constructions 518(33)
15.1 Introduction
518(1)
15.2 Clause complementation
518(8)
15.2.1 NP-replacing complements
519(4)
15.2.1.1 Complements as P
519(2)
15.2.1.2 Complements as S
521(2)
15.2.2 Non-NP replacing complements
523(3)
15.3 Clause conjoining
526(16)
15.3.1 Clause conjoining by juxtaposition
526(2)
15.3.2 Clause conjoining with overt markers
528(14)
15.3.2.1 Clause-final conjunctions
529(8)
15.3.2.1.1 Reason conjunction: =si
530(1)
15.3.2.1.2 Sequence conjunction: soq and soq oa
531(2)
15.3.2.1.3 Relator enclitics: =bu, mesaq=bu, and =be
533(2)
15.3.2.1.4 Focus enclitics: =0, =sa, =na, and naq=na
535(2)
15.3.2.2 Borrowed clause-initial conjunctions
537(1)
15.3.2.3 Clauses bracketed by multiple initial and final conjunctions
538(1)
15.3.2.4 Adverbial clause conjoiners
539(1)
15.3.2.5 (Verbal) postpositions used in clause conjoining
540(1)
15.3.2.6 Verbs used in clause conjoining
541(1)
15.4 Sentence connecting
542(9)
15.4.1 Tail-head linkage
542(3)
15.4.2 Demonstratives in sentence connecting
545(3)
15.4.2.1 Anaphoric demonstratives
545(2)
15.4.2.2 Cataphoric demonstratives
547(1)
15.4.3 Tebe 'return' in sentence connecting
548(1)
15.4.4 Sentence connectives
549(2)
Text Appendix 551(22)
References 573(10)
Index 583
Antoinette Schapper, Lacito-CNRS, Paris, France.