Preface |
|
ix | |
Authors |
|
xi | |
1 New Technologies for Extracting Natural Compounds from Plants |
|
1 | (36) |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
1.2 Definition of Extraction |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
1.3 Definition of Green Extraction |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
1.4 Distillation with Water or Steam |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
1.5 New Technologies for Extracting Natural Compounds |
|
|
5 | (27) |
|
1.5.1 Microwave-Assisted Solvent Extraction (MASE) |
|
|
5 | (5) |
|
1.5.1.1 Microwave-Assisted Extraction Systems |
|
|
6 | (2) |
|
1.5.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Microwave Extraction Methods |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
1.5.1.3 Researches by Microwave Extraction Method |
|
|
8 | (2) |
|
1.5.2 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) |
|
|
10 | (7) |
|
1.5.2.1 Ultrasonic Wave Extraction Systems |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
1.5.2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ultrasonic Extraction Method |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
1.5.2.3 Researches by Ultrasonic Extraction Method |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
1.5.3 Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) Method |
|
|
17 | (4) |
|
1.5.3.1 Equipment of DIC Method |
|
|
18 | (2) |
|
1.5.3.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of DIC Method |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
1.5.3.3 Research Conducted by DIC Method |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
1.5.4 Supercritical Fluid Extraction |
|
|
21 | (4) |
|
1.5.4.1 Supercritical Fluid Extraction Equipment |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
1.5.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of SFE |
|
|
22 | (2) |
|
1.5.4.3 Research Conducted by SFE Method |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
1.5.5 Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) |
|
|
25 | (19) |
|
1.5.5.1 Subcritical Water Extraction Equipment |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
1.5.5.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of SWE |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
1.5.5.3 Research Done by SWE Method |
|
|
27 | (5) |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
|
32 | (5) |
2 Review of Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) |
|
37 | (14) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
2.2 Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) |
|
|
37 | (4) |
|
2.3 Comparison of SWE and Other Methods |
|
|
41 | (3) |
|
|
44 | (3) |
|
2.4.1 Extraction of Biologically Active and Nutritional Compounds from Plant and Food Materials |
|
|
45 | (2) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
2.4.1.2 Phenolic Compounds |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
2.4.1.4 Other Plant and Food Ingredients |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
2.4.2 Eliminate Organic Contaminants from Food |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
2.5 Economic Study of Subcritical Water Extraction |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
|
48 | (3) |
3 Solubility of Subcritical Water |
|
51 | (34) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
3.2 Effective Parameters on Solubility |
|
|
52 | (2) |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
3.2.5 Dynamic or Static Mode |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
3.2.6 Concentration of Additives |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
3.3 Solubility Measurement Methods |
|
|
54 | (12) |
|
3.3.1 A Review of Laboratory Work Performed |
|
|
54 | (12) |
|
|
54 | (8) |
|
|
62 | (4) |
|
3.4 An Overview of the Modeling Performed |
|
|
66 | (12) |
|
3.4.1 Experimental and Semi-Experimental Models |
|
|
67 | (2) |
|
3.4.2 Dielectric Constant Model |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
3.4.3 Equations of State (EOS) |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
3.4.4 Regular Solution Theory (RST) |
|
|
71 | (3) |
|
3.4.5 UNIFAC-Based Models |
|
|
74 | (4) |
|
|
78 | (7) |
4 Modeling of Subcritical Water Extraction |
|
85 | |
|
|
85 | (2) |
|
4.2 Investigation of Existing Models in SWE |
|
|
87 | (10) |
|
4.2.1 Thermodynamic Model |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
4.2.2 Kinetic Absorption Model |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
4.2.2.1 One-Site Kinetic Desorption Model |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
4.2.2.2 Two-Site Kinetic Desorption Model |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
4.2.3 Thermodynamic Separation with External Mass Transfer Resistance Model |
|
|
90 | (3) |
|
4.2.4 Model Based on Differential Mass Balance Equations |
|
|
93 | (4) |
|
4.3 Description of the Selected Mathematical Model |
|
|
97 | (5) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
4.5 Solution of the Partial Differential Equation |
|
|
102 | (4) |
|
4.5.1 Essential Oil Concentration Curve in Bulk Fluid |
|
|
102 | (3) |
|
4.5.2 Essential Oil Concentration Curve in Solid |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
4.6 Estimation of Model Parameters and Physical Properties |
|
|
106 | (6) |
|
4.6.1 Estimation of the Equilibrium Dissociation Coefficient of the Analyte |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
4.6.2 Estimation of Mass Transfer Coefficient of Bulk Phase |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
4.6.3 Estimation of Solute Diffusion Coefficient in Fluid |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
4.6.4 Physical Properties |
|
|
109 | (3) |
|
|
112 | |
Subject Index |
|
11 | |