Preface |
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xi | |
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xiii | |
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1 | (15) |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Green: From UE to Infrastructure |
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3 | (2) |
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1.3 Soft: From Core Network to RAN |
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5 | (2) |
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1.4 Green vs. Soft: An Unsolvable Contradiction? |
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7 | (1) |
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1.5 Rethinking Green and Soft 5G Network Design |
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7 | (6) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Rethink Ring and Young |
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9 | (1) |
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1.5.3 Rethink Signaling and Control |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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1.5.5 Rethink Spectrum and Air Interface |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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1.5.7 Rethink Protocol Stack |
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12 | (1) |
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1.5.8 Rethink Big Data Analytics in Wireless Communications |
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12 | (1) |
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1.6 Skeleton of This Book |
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13 | (3) |
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2 Theoretical Framework toward Green Networks |
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16 | (45) |
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2.1 Metrics for Green Radio |
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16 | (3) |
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2.2 EE Study from Information Theory |
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19 | (4) |
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2.3 Fundamental EE-SE Trade-Off |
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23 | (9) |
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25 | (3) |
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2.3.2 Bounds on the EE-SE Curve |
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28 | (3) |
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31 | (1) |
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2.4 EE Design in Orthogonal Systems |
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32 | (11) |
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2.4.1 Weighted Summation EE Maximization |
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33 | (5) |
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2.4.2 Maximum-Minimal EE Maximization |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (3) |
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2.5 EE Design in Non-Orthogonal Systems |
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43 | (18) |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (4) |
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50 | (1) |
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Appendix 2.1 Optimization Theory for EE Design |
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51 | (1) |
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A2.1.1 Fractional Programming and the Dinkelbach Algorithm |
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52 | (1) |
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A2.1.2 Sum-of-Ratios Optimization |
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53 | (2) |
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A2.1.3 Generalized Fractional Programming |
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55 | (2) |
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A2.1.4 Multi-Objective Optimization and Weighted Tchebycheff Method |
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57 | (4) |
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3 Green and Soft Network Design |
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61 | (81) |
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3.1 Green and Soft Wireless Communication Network Design |
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61 | (10) |
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3.1.1 E2E Network Architecture for 5G |
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62 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Next-Generation Core Network |
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62 | (2) |
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3.1.3 Next-Generation RAN |
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64 | (2) |
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3.1.4 Next-Generation Transport Network |
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66 | (1) |
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3.1.5 Key Issues of E2E Network Architecture |
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66 | (4) |
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70 | (1) |
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3.2 C-RAN: Revolutionary Evolution of RAN |
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71 | (19) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Evolution of C-RAN towards 5G |
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73 | (2) |
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3.2.4 NGFI: Next-Generation Fronthaul Interface |
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75 | (1) |
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3.2.5 CU-DU Architecture for 5G |
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76 | (5) |
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3.2.6 Rethink Protocol Stack for 5G: MCD |
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81 | (9) |
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3.3 Big-Data-Enabled Mobile Network Design |
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90 | (52) |
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3.3.1 Background of Big Data |
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90 | (4) |
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94 | (3) |
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3.3.3 Artificial Intelligence in Wireless Networks |
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97 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Application of WBD and AI into Mobile Network |
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98 | (2) |
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3.3.5 Green and Soft Network Architecture with WBD |
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100 | (6) |
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3.3.6 Big-Data-Enabled Automatic Network Management and Operation |
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106 | (4) |
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3.3.7 Big-Data-Empowered MEC |
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110 | (2) |
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3.3.8 Big-Data-Assisted Protocol Stack and Signaling Procedure Optimization |
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112 | (4) |
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3.3.9 Big-Data-and AI-Enabled Radio Resource Management |
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116 | (6) |
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3.3.10 Big-Data-Assisted High-Efficiency Physical Layer Operation |
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122 | (3) |
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3.3.11 Big Data Platform Capabilities/Environment |
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125 | (3) |
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3.3.12 Enhanced System Performance with WBD |
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128 | (14) |
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4 Energy-Efficient Signaling Design and Resource Management |
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142 | (40) |
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4.1 Sleeping Strategy and Cell Zooming |
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143 | (3) |
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4.1.1 Dynamic Base Station Sleep Control |
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143 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Cell Zooming for Green Cellular Networks |
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144 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Soft-Defined Network Architecture for Green Cellular Networks |
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145 | (1) |
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4.2 Joint Optimization of Uplink and Downlink Energy Efficiency |
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146 | (9) |
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4.2.1 System Model and Problem Formulation |
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147 | (3) |
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4.2.2 Joint Uplink and Downlink Resource Allocation |
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150 | (3) |
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153 | (2) |
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4.3 Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in Homogeneous Networks |
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155 | (10) |
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4.3.1 System Model and Problem Formulation |
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157 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Problem Analysis and the Sub-Optimal Algorithm |
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159 | (3) |
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162 | (3) |
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4.4 Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in Heterogenous Networks |
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165 | (17) |
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4.4.1 System Model and Problem Formulation |
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167 | (2) |
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4.4.2 The Multi-Objective Energy-Efficient Algorithm |
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169 | (6) |
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175 | (7) |
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5 Software-Defined Air Interface (SDAI) for a Greener Network |
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182 | (70) |
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182 | (3) |
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5.2 Wireless Propagation in 5G Use Cases |
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185 | (6) |
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5.2.1 The Importance of Propagation Channels |
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185 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Channel Modeling Principle and Fundamentals |
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186 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Channel Modeling Methods in Cellular Systems |
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186 | (2) |
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5.2.4 New and Exciting Challenges in Channel Modeling |
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188 | (3) |
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191 | (1) |
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5.3 Flexible Frame Structure |
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191 | (7) |
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5.3.1 Frame Structure Design Principles |
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192 | (5) |
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5.3.2 Progress of Frame Structure in 3GPP 5G NR |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (9) |
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5.4.1 Unified Framework for MIMO Techniques for 5G |
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198 | (2) |
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5.4.2 Schemes of Hybrid Beamforming |
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200 | (2) |
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5.4.3 EE--SE Analysis of Hybrid Beamforming |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (3) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (14) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (2) |
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5.5.6 Variants of DFT-s-OFDM |
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213 | (1) |
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5.5.7 Constant Envelope Waveform |
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214 | (1) |
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5.5.8 Unified Waveform Framework |
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214 | (2) |
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5.5.9 Waveform for 5G NR in 3GPP |
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216 | (4) |
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220 | (1) |
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5.6 Flexible Multiple Access Schemes |
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221 | (11) |
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5.6.1 Potential New Multiple Access Techniques for 5G |
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221 | (7) |
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5.6.2 Theoretical Analysis of a NoMA System |
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228 | (1) |
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5.6.3 A Unified Framework of Multiple Access Schemes |
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229 | (2) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (9) |
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5.7.1 Interference Mitigation in Full Duplex Networks |
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234 | (3) |
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5.7.2 Full Duplex Frame Structure Design |
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237 | (2) |
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5.7.3 Extension of FDD and TDD to Full Duplex |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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5.8 Flexible Signaling, Control, and Protocol |
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241 | (11) |
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241 | (1) |
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5.8.2 New SCP Function Components |
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242 | (3) |
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245 | (7) |
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6 Energy-Saving Solutions and Practices |
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252 | (35) |
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6.1 Green Wireless Technologies in Cellular Networks |
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252 | (3) |
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6.1.1 Energy-Saving in GSM |
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252 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Energy-Saving in TD-SCDMA |
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253 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Energy-Saving in LTE |
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253 | (2) |
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6.2 Multi-RAT Cooperation Energy-Saving System (MCES) |
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255 | (5) |
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256 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Functional Architecture |
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257 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Technical Characteristics |
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258 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Deployment Progress in China |
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259 | (1) |
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6.3 WLAN Energy-Saving Technology |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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6.3.2 AP RF Channel Shutdown |
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260 | (1) |
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6.3.3 AP Single/Dual Band Selection |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (6) |
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261 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Demonstration of WDM-Based FH Solutions |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (2) |
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6.4.4 C-RAN-Based UL CoMP Test |
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264 | (3) |
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267 | (5) |
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6.5.1 Key Factors for App Power Consumption |
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268 | (3) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (15) |
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272 | (1) |
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6.6.2 Powerful Baseband Platform with a Unified Design |
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273 | (2) |
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275 | (4) |
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6.6.4 Flexible Over-the-Air Calibration Scheme |
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279 | (3) |
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6.6.5 High-Efficiency Heat Dissipation Testbed |
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282 | (5) |
Index |
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