| Preface |
|
iii | |
| Sponsor Guidance |
|
v | |
|
|
|
xi | |
|
|
|
xiii | |
| Summary |
|
xv | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
xix | |
| Acronyms |
|
xxi | |
|
|
|
1 | (16) |
|
|
|
1 | (4) |
|
Why Should Commanders Care About Environmental Issues In Contingency Operations? |
|
|
5 | (7) |
|
Evironmental Issues Can Affect Soldier Health and Safety |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
Environmental Issues Can Affect Mission Success |
|
|
6 | (4) |
|
Long-Term Deployments Amplify the Importance of Environmental Issues |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
The Importance of ``Doing the Right Thing'' |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
The Challenge of Incorporating Environmental Considerations into Contingency Operations |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
Purpose and Methodology of This Report |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
|
|
15 | (2) |
|
The Context for Environmental Considerations in Contingency Operations |
|
|
17 | (50) |
|
Principal Areas of Interaction with the Environment |
|
|
17 | (4) |
|
Achieving Strategic Objectives |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
Conducting Tactical Operations |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
|
18 | (2) |
|
Providing Humanitarian Assistance |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
Conducting Stabilization and Reconstruction Operations |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
Domestic and International Legal Context |
|
|
21 | (4) |
|
|
|
25 | (28) |
|
Presidential Orders and DoD Directives and Regulations |
|
|
27 | (7) |
|
Joint Staff and Army Regulations and Guidance |
|
|
34 | (16) |
|
The Army Strategy for the Environment |
|
|
50 | (3) |
|
Summary of the Policy Context |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
|
53 | (6) |
|
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
Objectives and Nature of the Operation |
|
|
54 | (3) |
|
Involvement of Other Stakeholders |
|
|
57 | (2) |
|
The Environmental Context |
|
|
59 | (8) |
|
Severe Degradation of the Local Environment |
|
|
59 | (3) |
|
The Importance of Environmental Conditions to the Local Populace |
|
|
62 | (4) |
|
Environmental Issues in Contingency Operations Significantly Different from Issues in the United States |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
Experience with Environmental Considerations in Contingency Operations |
|
|
67 | (28) |
|
Planning and Guidance in the Field |
|
|
67 | (4) |
|
Environmental Considerations in Operation Planning: Annex L |
|
|
68 | (2) |
|
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
Army Activities in the Field |
|
|
71 | (5) |
|
|
|
72 | (3) |
|
Stability and Reconstruction |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
Movement of Forces and Materiel |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
Different Field Activities Have Different Environmental Considerations |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
Training for Field Operations |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
Environmental Issues in Operational Experience: Case Studies |
|
|
77 | (18) |
|
Case Studies of Contingency-Operation Activities with Environmental Concerns |
|
|
78 | (3) |
|
|
|
81 | (14) |
|
Analysis of Army Operational Experience |
|
|
95 | (26) |
|
Environmental Considerations Have a Broad Range of Far-Reaching Impacts |
|
|
96 | (5) |
|
Impacts Across Many Dimensions |
|
|
96 | (2) |
|
Impacts Across Many Organizations Inside and Outside the Army |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
Impacts in Many Geographic Areas |
|
|
99 | (2) |
|
The Army Is Involved in Many Diverse Reconstruction Activities with Environmental Components |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
Insufficient Resources Are Available to Fully Address Environmental Issues |
|
|
102 | (4) |
|
Contractors Must Be Carefully Selected Managed |
|
|
106 | (3) |
|
Collaboration with Stakeholders Is Beneficial and Critical |
|
|
109 | (3) |
|
Proactive Environmental Practices and Lessons Are Not Being Transferred to Other Parts of the Army |
|
|
112 | (2) |
|
Country-Specific Conditions and Needs Should Be Considered |
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
Short-and Long-Term Considerations Need to Be Balanced |
|
|
116 | (3) |
|
Environmental Problems May Contribute to Insurgency Problems |
|
|
119 | (2) |
|
Findings and Recommendations |
|
|
121 | (94) |
|
|
|
121 | (9) |
|
Environmental Issues Can Have a Significant Impact on Operations |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
Environmental Considerations Can Be Particularly Important for Success in the Post-Confict Phase |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
Environmental Considerations in contingency Operations Are significantly Different from Those in Normal operations in the United states |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
Environmental Issues Can Have Far-Reaching Impacts Across Operations, Army Organizations, and the World |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
Inadequate Environmental Practices in Contingency Opertions Can Increase Risks and Costs |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
The Army Could Improve Its Understanding of Environmental Considerations and Better Incorporte Them into Plans and Operations |
|
|
126 | (2) |
|
The Army Has No Comprehensive Approach to Environmental Considerations in Contingencies, Especially in the Post-Conflict Phase |
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
|
|
130 | (14) |
|
Improve the Policy and Guidance for Environmental Considerations in coContingency Operations |
|
|
131 | (2) |
|
Encourage an Environmenta Ethic Throughout the Army That Extends to Contingency Operations |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
Better Incorporate Environmental Considerations into Planning |
|
|
133 | (4) |
|
Improve Pre-Deployment and Field Environmental Training |
|
|
137 | (3) |
|
Invest More in Environmental Resources and Good Environmental Practices for Field Operations |
|
|
140 | (4) |
|
Use a ``Sustainability'' Model for Contingency Operations |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
|
|
144 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
Domestic and International Law in Army Contingency Operations |
|
|
147 | (26) |
|
The Importance of Environmental Conditions to the Local Populace in Iraq |
|
|
173 | (18) |
|
Case Studies of Operational Experiences |
|
|
191 | (24) |
| Glossary of Selected Environmental Terms |
|
215 | (4) |
| Bibliography |
|
219 | |
