Preface |
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xviii | |
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I Introduction to Powers of 10 |
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2 | |
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4 | (2) |
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1-2 Engineering Notation and Metric Prefixes |
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6 | (4) |
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1-3 Converting between Metric Prefixes |
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10 | (1) |
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1-4 Addition and Subtraction Involving Powers of 10 Notation |
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11 | (1) |
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1-5 Multiplication and Division Involving Powers of 10 Notation |
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12 | (1) |
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1-6 Reciprocals with Powers of 10 |
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13 | (1) |
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1-7 Squaring Numbers Expressed in Powers of 10 Notation |
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13 | (1) |
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1-8 Square Roots of Numbers Expressed in Powers of 10 Notation |
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14 | (1) |
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1-9 The Scientific Calculator |
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15 | (7) |
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17 | (5) |
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22 | (32) |
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1-1 Negative and Positive Polarities |
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24 | (1) |
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1-2 Electrons and Protons in the Atom |
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24 | (3) |
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1-3 Structure of the Atom |
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27 | (3) |
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1-4 The Coulomb Unit of Electric Charge |
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30 | (3) |
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1-5 The Volt Unit of Potential Difference |
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33 | (2) |
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1-6 Charge in Motion is Current |
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35 | (3) |
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1-7 Resistance is Opposition to Current |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (2) |
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1-9 The Direction of Current |
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42 | (3) |
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1-10 Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC) |
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45 | (1) |
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1-11 Sources of Electricity |
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46 | (1) |
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1-12 The Digital Multimeter |
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47 | (7) |
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49 | (5) |
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54 | (22) |
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56 | (3) |
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2-2 Resistor Color Coding |
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59 | (4) |
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63 | (1) |
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2-4 Rheostats and Potentiometers |
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64 | (2) |
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2-5 Power Rating of Resistors |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (8) |
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70 | (6) |
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76 | (30) |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (1) |
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3-3 The Resistance R = V/I |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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3-5 Multiple and Submultiple Units |
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82 | (1) |
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3-6 The Linear Proportion between V and I |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (4) |
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3-8 Power Dissipation in Resistance |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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3-10 Choosing a Resistor for a Circuit |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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3-12 Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Troubles |
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95 | (11) |
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97 | (9) |
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Chapter 4 Series Circuits |
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106 | (32) |
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4-1 Why / Is the Same in All Parts of a Series Circuit |
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108 | (2) |
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4-2 Total R Equals the Sum of All Series Resistances |
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110 | (2) |
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4-3 Series IR Voltage Drops |
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112 | (1) |
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4-4 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) |
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113 | (2) |
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4-5 Polarity of IR Voltage Drops |
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115 | (1) |
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4-6 Total Power in a Series Circuit |
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116 | (1) |
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4-7 Series-Aiding and Series-Opposing Voltages |
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117 | (1) |
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4-8 Analyzing Series Circuits with Random Unknowns |
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118 | (2) |
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4-9 Ground Connections in Electrical and Electronic Systems |
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120 | (2) |
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4-10 Troubleshooting: Opens and Shorts in Series Circuits |
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122 | (16) |
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127 | (11) |
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Chapter 5 Parallel Circuits |
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138 | (30) |
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5-1 The Applied Voltage VA Is the Same across Parallel Branches |
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140 | (1) |
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5-2 Each Branch / Equals VA/R |
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141 | (1) |
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5-3 Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) |
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142 | (2) |
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5-4 Resistances in Parallel |
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144 | (6) |
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5-5 Conductances in Parallel |
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150 | (1) |
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5-6 Total Power in Parallel Circuits |
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151 | (1) |
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5-7 Analyzing Parallel Circuits with Random Unknowns |
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152 | (1) |
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5-8 Troubleshooting: Opens and Shorts in Parallel Circuits |
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152 | (16) |
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159 | (9) |
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Chapter 6 Series-Parallel Circuits |
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168 | (34) |
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6-1 Finding Ri for Series-Parallel Resistances |
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170 | (1) |
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6-2 Resistance Strings in Parallel |
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171 | (2) |
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6-3 Resistance Banks in Series |
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173 | (1) |
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6-4 Resistance Banks and Strings in Series-Parallel |
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174 | (1) |
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6-5 Analyzing Series-Parallel Circuits with Random Unknowns |
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175 | (3) |
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6-6 The Wheatstone Bridge |
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178 | (4) |
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6-7 Troubleshooting: Opens and Shorts in Series-Parallel Circuits |
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182 | (20) |
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188 | (12) |
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Cumulative Review Summary Chapter 1 to 6 |
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200 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Voltage Dividers and Current Dividers |
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202 | (24) |
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7-1 Series Voltage Dividers |
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204 | (3) |
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7-2 Current Divider with Two Parallel Resistances |
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207 | (2) |
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7-3 Current Division by Parallet Conductances |
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209 | (1) |
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7-4 Series Voltage Divider with Parallel Load Current |
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210 | (2) |
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7-5 Design of a Loaded Voltage Divider |
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212 | (14) |
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215 | (11) |
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Chapter 8 Analog and Digital Multimeters |
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226 | (32) |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (3) |
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233 | (3) |
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8-4 Loading Effect of a Voltmeter |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (3) |
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241 | (2) |
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8-7 Digital Multimeter (DMM) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (2) |
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8-9 Checking Continuity with the Ohmmeter |
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247 | (11) |
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249 | (8) |
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Cumulative Review Summary Chapter 7 and 8 |
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257 | (1) |
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Chapter 9 Kirchhoff's Laws |
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258 | (24) |
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9-1 Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) |
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260 | (2) |
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9-2 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) |
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262 | (3) |
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9-3 Method of Branch Currents |
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265 | (4) |
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9-4 Node-Voltage Analysis |
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269 | (2) |
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9-5 Method of Mesh Currents |
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271 | (11) |
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275 | (7) |
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Chapter 10 Network Theorems |
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282 | (32) |
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10-1 Superposition Theorem |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (3) |
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10-3 Thevenizing a Circuit with Two Voltage Sources |
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288 | (1) |
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10-4 Thevenizing a Bridge Circuit |
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289 | (2) |
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291 | (3) |
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10-6 Thevenin-Norton Conversions |
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294 | (2) |
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10-7 Conversion of Voltage and Current Sources |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (2) |
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10-9 T or Y and π or Δ Connections |
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300 | (14) |
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305 | (8) |
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Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 9 and 10 |
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313 | (1) |
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Chapter 11 Conductors and Insulators |
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314 | (28) |
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11-1 Function of the Conductor |
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316 | (1) |
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11-2 Standard Wire Gage Sizes |
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317 | (2) |
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11-3 Types of Wire Conductors |
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319 | (2) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (2) |
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327 | (3) |
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11-9 Temperature Coefficient of Resistance |
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330 | (2) |
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11-10 Ion Current in Liquids and Gases |
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332 | (2) |
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334 | (2) |
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11-12 Troubleshooting Hints for Wires and Connectors |
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336 | (6) |
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337 | (5) |
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342 | (34) |
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12-1 Introduction to Batteries |
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344 | (2) |
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346 | (2) |
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12-3 Common Types of Primary Cells |
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348 | (4) |
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352 | (3) |
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12-5 Additional Types of Secondary Cells |
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355 | (3) |
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12-6 Series-Connected and Parallel-Connected Cells |
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358 | (2) |
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12-7 Current Drain Depends on Load Resistance |
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360 | (1) |
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12-8 Internal Resistance of a Generator |
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361 | (3) |
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12-9 Constant-Voltage and Constant-Current Sources |
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364 | (2) |
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12-10 Matching a Load Resistance to the Generator r |
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366 | (10) |
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368 | (5) |
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Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 11 and 12 |
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373 | (3) |
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376 | (20) |
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378 | (2) |
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13-2 Magnetic Flux (oslash;) |
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380 | (2) |
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382 | (2) |
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13-4 Induction by the Magnetic Field |
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384 | (2) |
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386 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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389 | (7) |
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391 | (5) |
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Chapter 14 Electromagnetism |
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396 | (32) |
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14-1 Ampere-Turns of Magnetomotive Force (mmf) |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (3) |
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14-3 B-H Magnetization Curve |
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402 | (2) |
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404 | (2) |
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14-5 Magnetic Field around an Electric Current |
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406 | (2) |
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14-6 Magnetic Polarity of a Coil |
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408 | (1) |
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14-7 Motor Action between Two Magnetic Fields |
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409 | (2) |
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411 | (2) |
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14-9 Generating an Induced Voltage |
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413 | (4) |
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417 | (11) |
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421 | (7) |
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Chapter 15 Alternating Voltage and Current |
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428 | (42) |
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15-1 Alternating Current Applications |
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430 | (1) |
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15-2 Alternating-Voltage Generator |
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431 | (3) |
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434 | (1) |
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435 | (1) |
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15-5 Voltage and Current Values for a Sine Wave |
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436 | (3) |
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439 | (2) |
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441 | (1) |
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442 | (3) |
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445 | (3) |
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15-10 The Time Factor in Frequency and Phase |
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448 | (1) |
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15-11 Alternating Current Circuits with Resistance |
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449 | (2) |
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15-12 Nonsinusoidal AC Waveforms |
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451 | (2) |
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15-13 Harmonic Frequencies |
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453 | (1) |
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15-14 The 60-Hz AC Power Line |
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453 | (3) |
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15-15 Motors and Generators |
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456 | (2) |
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15-16 Three-Phase AC Power |
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458 | (12) |
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460 | (8) |
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Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 13 to 15 |
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468 | (2) |
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470 | (40) |
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16-1 How Charge Is Stored in a Dielectric |
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472 | (1) |
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16-2 Charging and Discharging a Capacitor |
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473 | (2) |
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16-3 The Farad Unit of Capacitance |
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475 | (4) |
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479 | (5) |
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16-5 Electrolytic Capacitors |
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484 | (2) |
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486 | (6) |
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16-7 Parallel Capacitances |
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492 | (1) |
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492 | (2) |
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16-9 Energy Stored in Electrostatic Field of Capacitance |
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494 | (1) |
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16-10 Measuring and Testing Capacitors |
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495 | (3) |
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16-11 Troubles in Capacitors |
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498 | (12) |
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501 | (9) |
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Chapter 17 Capacitive Reactance |
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510 | (22) |
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17-1 Alternating Current in a Capacitive Circuit |
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512 | (1) |
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17-2 The Amount of Xc Equals 1/(2πfC) |
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513 | (4) |
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17-3 Series or Parallel Capacitive Reactances |
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517 | (1) |
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17-4 Ohm's Law Applied to Xc |
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518 | (1) |
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17-5 Applications of Capacitive Reactance |
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518 | (1) |
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17-6 Sine-Wave Charge and Discharge Current |
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519 | (13) |
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524 | (8) |
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Chapter 18 Capacitive Circuits |
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532 | (26) |
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18-1 Sine Wave vc Lags ic by 90° |
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534 | (1) |
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535 | (2) |
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18-3 Impedance Z Triangle |
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537 | (2) |
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18-4 RC Phase-Shifter Circuit |
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539 | (1) |
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18-5 Xc and R in Parallel |
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540 | (4) |
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18-6 RF and AF Coupling Capacitors |
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544 | (1) |
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18-7 Capacitive Voltage Dividers |
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545 | (2) |
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18-8 The General Case of Capacitive Current ic |
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547 | (11) |
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548 | (8) |
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Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 16 to 18 |
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556 | (2) |
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558 | (44) |
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19-1 Induction by Alternating Current |
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560 | (1) |
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561 | (3) |
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19-3 Self-Induced Voltage VL |
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564 | (1) |
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19-4 How VL Opposes a Change in Current |
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565 | (1) |
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19-5 Mutual Inductance LM |
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566 | (3) |
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569 | (6) |
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575 | (3) |
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19-8 Impedance Transformation |
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578 | (4) |
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582 | (1) |
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583 | (1) |
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19-11 Variable Inductance |
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584 | (1) |
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19-12 Inductances in Series or Parallel |
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585 | (2) |
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19-13 Energy in a Magnetic Field of Inductance |
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587 | (1) |
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19-14 Stray Capacitive and Inductive Effects |
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588 | (2) |
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19-15 Measuring and Testing Inductors |
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590 | (12) |
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593 | (9) |
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Chapter 20 Inductive Reactance |
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602 | (22) |
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20-1 How XL Reduces the Amount of l |
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604 | (1) |
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605 | (4) |
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20-3 Series or Parallel Inductive Reactances |
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609 | (1) |
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20-4 Ohm's Law Applied to XL |
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609 | (1) |
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20-5 Applications of XL for Different Frequencies |
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610 | (1) |
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20-6 Waveshape of VL Induced by Sine-Wave Current |
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611 | (13) |
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616 | (8) |
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Chapter 21 Inductive Circuits |
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624 | (28) |
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21-1 Sine Wave iL Lags VL by 90° |
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626 | (1) |
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627 | (2) |
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21-3 Impedance Z Triangle |
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629 | (3) |
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21-4 XL and R in Parallel |
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632 | (3) |
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635 | (3) |
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638 | (2) |
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21-7 The General Case of Inductive Voltage |
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640 | (12) |
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642 | (10) |
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Chapter 22 RC and L/R Time Constants |
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652 | (34) |
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22-1 Response of Resistance Alone |
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654 | (1) |
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654 | (2) |
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22-3 High Voltage Produced by Opening an RL Circuit |
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656 | (2) |
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658 | (3) |
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22-5 RC Charge and Discharge Curves |
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661 | (1) |
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22-6 High Current Produced by Short-Circuiting an RC Circuit |
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662 | (1) |
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663 | (2) |
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22-8 Long and Short Time Constants |
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665 | (1) |
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22-9 Charge and Discharge with a Short RC Time Constant |
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666 | (1) |
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22-10 Long Time Constant for an RC Coupling Circuit |
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667 | (2) |
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22-11 Advanced Time Constant Analysis |
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669 | (3) |
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22-12 Comparison of Reactance and Time Constant |
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672 | (14) |
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675 | (9) |
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Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 19 to 22 |
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684 | (2) |
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Chapter 23 Alternating Current Circuits |
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686 | (28) |
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23-1 AC Circuits with Resistance but No Reactance |
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688 | (1) |
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23-2 Circuits with XL Alone |
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689 | (1) |
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23-3 Circuits with XC Alone |
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690 | (1) |
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23-4 Opposite Reactances Cancel |
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691 | (2) |
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23-5 Series Reactance and Resistance |
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693 | (2) |
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23-6 Parallel Reactance and Resistance |
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695 | (2) |
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23-7 Series-Parallel Reactance and Resistance |
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697 | (1) |
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698 | (2) |
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700 | (1) |
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701 | (1) |
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23-11 Summary of Types of Ohms in AC Circuits |
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701 | (1) |
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23-12 Summary of Types of Phasors in AC Circuits |
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702 | (12) |
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705 | (9) |
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Chapter 24 Complex Numbers for AC Circuits |
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714 | (30) |
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24-1 Positive and Negative Numbers |
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716 | (1) |
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716 | (2) |
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24-3 Definition of a Complex Number |
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718 | (1) |
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24-4 How Complex Numbers Are Applied to AC Circuits |
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718 | (1) |
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24-5 Impedance in Complex Form |
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719 | (2) |
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24-6 Operations with Complex Numbers |
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721 | (1) |
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24-7 Magnitude and Angle of a Complex Number |
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722 | (2) |
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24-8 Polar Form of Complex Numbers |
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724 | (1) |
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24-9 Converting Polar to Rectangular Form |
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725 | (2) |
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24-10 Complex Numbers in Series AC Circuits |
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727 | (2) |
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24-11 Complex Numbers in Parallel AC Circuits |
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729 | (2) |
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24-12 Combining Two Complex Branch Impedances |
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731 | (1) |
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24-13 Combining Complex Branch Currents |
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732 | (1) |
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24-14 Parallel Circuit with Three Complex Branches |
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733 | (11) |
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735 | (7) |
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Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 23 and 24 |
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742 | (2) |
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744 | (36) |
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25-1 The Resonance Effect |
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746 | (1) |
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746 | (4) |
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750 | (3) |
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25-4 Resonant Frequency fr = 1/(2π√LC) |
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753 | (4) |
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25-5 O Magnification Factor of a Resonant Circuit |
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757 | (4) |
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25-6 Bandwidth of a Resonant Circuit |
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761 | (4) |
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765 | (2) |
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767 | (1) |
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25-9 Analysis of Parallel Resonant Circuits |
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768 | (1) |
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25-10 Damping of Parallel Resonant Circuits |
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769 | (2) |
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25-11 Choosing L and C for a Resonant Circuit |
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771 | (9) |
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772 | (8) |
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780 | (44) |
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26-1 Examples of Filtering |
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782 | (1) |
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26-2 Direct Current Combined with Alternating Current |
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782 | (3) |
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26-3 Transformer Coupling |
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785 | (1) |
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786 | (3) |
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789 | (2) |
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791 | (1) |
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792 | (1) |
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793 | (1) |
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26-9 Analyzing Filter Circuits |
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794 | (9) |
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26-10 Decibels and Frequency Response Curves |
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803 | (7) |
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810 | (2) |
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26-12 Interference Filters |
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812 | (12) |
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814 | (8) |
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Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 25 and 26 |
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822 | (2) |
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Chapter 27 Diodes and Diode Applications |
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824 | (48) |
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27-1 Semiconductor Materials |
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826 | (2) |
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27-2 The p-n Junction Diode |
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828 | (3) |
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27-3 Volt-Ampere Characteristic Curve |
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831 | (3) |
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27-4 Diode Approximations |
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834 | (3) |
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837 | (1) |
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838 | (18) |
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856 | (16) |
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864 | (8) |
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Chapter 28 Bipolar Junction Transistors |
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872 | (34) |
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28-1 Transistor Construction |
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874 | (2) |
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28-2 Proper Transistor Biasing |
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876 | (4) |
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28-3 Transistor Operating Regions |
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880 | (2) |
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882 | (3) |
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28-5 Checking a Transistor with an Ohmmeter |
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885 | (2) |
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28-6 Transistor Biasing Techniques |
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887 | (19) |
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899 | (7) |
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Chapter 29 Transistor Amplifiers |
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906 | (42) |
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29-1 AC Resistance of a Diode |
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908 | (2) |
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29-2 Small Signal Amplifier Operation |
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910 | (4) |
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29-3 AC Equivalent Circuit of a CE Amplifier |
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914 | (1) |
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29-4 Calculating the Voltage Gain, Avr of a CE Amplifier |
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914 | (5) |
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29-5 Calculating the Input and Output Impedances in a CF Amplifier |
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919 | (2) |
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29-6 Common-Collector Amplifier |
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921 | (2) |
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29-7 AC Analysis of an Emitter Follower |
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923 | (5) |
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29-8 Emitter Follower Applications |
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928 | (3) |
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29-9 Common-Base Amplifier |
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931 | (1) |
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29-10 AC Analysis of a Common-Base Amplifier |
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932 | (16) |
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938 | (10) |
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Chapter 30 Field Effect Transistors |
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948 | (40) |
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30-1 JFETs and Their Characteristics |
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950 | (5) |
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30-2 JFET Biasing Techniques |
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955 | (6) |
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961 | (8) |
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30-4 MOSFETs and Their Characteristics |
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969 | (6) |
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30-5 MOSFET Biasing Techniques |
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975 | (2) |
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977 | (11) |
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979 | (9) |
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Chapter 31 Power Amplifiers |
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988 | (32) |
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31-1 Classes of Operation |
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990 | (1) |
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991 | (9) |
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31-3 Class B Push-Pull Amplifiers |
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1000 | (7) |
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1007 | (13) |
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1013 | (7) |
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1020 | (18) |
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1022 | (1) |
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32-2 SCRs and Their Characteristics |
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1022 | (5) |
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1027 | (2) |
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32-4 Unijunction Transistors |
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1029 | (9) |
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1033 | (5) |
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Chapter 33 Operational Amplifiers |
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1038 | (52) |
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33-1 Differential Amplifiers |
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1040 | (7) |
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33-2 Operational Amplifiers and Their Characteristics |
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1047 | (7) |
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33-3 Op-Amp Circuits with Negative Feedback |
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1054 | (10) |
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33-4 Popular Op-Amp Circuits |
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1064 | (26) |
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1080 | (10) |
Appendix A Electrical Symbols and Abbreviations |
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1090 | (3) |
Appendix B Solder and the Soldering Process |
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1093 | (7) |
Appendix C Listing of Preferred Resistance Values |
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1100 | (1) |
Appendix D Component Schematic Symbols |
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1101 | (6) |
Appendix E Using the Oscilloscope |
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1107 | (15) |
Appendix F Introduction to MultiSim |
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1122 | (37) |
Glossary |
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1159 | (9) |
Answers Self-Tests |
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1168 | (6) |
Answers Odd-Numbered Problems and Critical Thinking Problems |
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1174 | (22) |
Credits |
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1196 | (1) |
Index |
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1197 | |