The book introduces the oscillatory reaction and pattern formation in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction that became model for investigating a wide range of intriguing pattern formations in chemical systems. So many modifications in classic version of BZ reaction have been carried out in various experimental conditions that demonstrate rich varieties of temporal oscillations and spatio-temporal patterns in non- equilibrium conditions. Mixed-mode versions of BZ reactions, which comprise a pair of organic substrates or dual metal catalysts, have displayed very complex oscillating behaviours and novel space-time patterns during reaction processes. These characteristic spatio-temporal properties of BZ reactions have attracted increasing attention of the scientific community in recent years because of its comparable periodic structures in electrochemical systems, polymerization processes, and non-equilibrium crystallization phenomena. Instead, non-equilibrium crystallization phenomena which lead to development of novel crystal morphologies in constraint of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions have been investigated and are said to be stationary periodic structures. Efforts have continued to analyze insight mechanisms and roles of reaction-diffusion mechanism and self-organization in the growth of such periodic crystal patterns. In this book, non-equilibrium crystallization phenomena, leading to growth of some novel crystal patterns in dual organic substrate modes of oscillatory BZ reactions have been discussed. Efforts have been made to find out experimental parameters where transitions of the spherulitic crystal patterns take place. The book provides the scientific community and entrepreneurs with a thorough understanding and knowledge of the growth and form of branched crystal pattern in reaction-diffusion system and their morphological transition.
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1 | (46) |
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1.1 Non-linear Chemical Dynamics |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 Oscillatory Chemical Reaction |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 Physical Criteria of Chemical Oscillations |
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3 | (1) |
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1.4 General Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics |
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4 | (1) |
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1.5 Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics of Oscillatory Chemical Reaction |
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4 | (2) |
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1.6 Types of Chemical Oscillators |
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6 | (2) |
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1.6.1 Homogeneous Oscillations |
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6 | (1) |
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1.6.2 Heterogeneous Oscillations |
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7 | (1) |
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1.6.3 Thermochemical Oscillations |
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7 | (1) |
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1.6.4 Electrochemical Oscillations |
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7 | (1) |
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1.7 Representative Oscillators in Chemical Systems |
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8 | (2) |
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1.7.1 Oscillating Model of Lotka--Volterra |
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8 | (1) |
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1.7.2 Brusselator Model of Oscillating Chemical Reactions |
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9 | (1) |
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1.7.3 Oregonator Model of Oscillating Chemical Reactions |
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9 | (1) |
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1.8 Belousov--Zhabotinsky (BZ) Reaction |
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10 | (7) |
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1.8.1 Discovery of BZ Reaction |
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10 | (2) |
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1.8.2 Oscillatory Behavior in the BZ Reaction |
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12 | (1) |
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1.8.3 Mechanism of BZ Reaction |
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12 | (3) |
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1.8.4 Methodology and Analytical Techniques |
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15 | (1) |
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1.8.5 Conditions and Factors Affecting the Belousov--Zhabotinsky Reaction |
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15 | (2) |
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1.9 Chemical Wave and Pattern |
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17 | (4) |
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17 | (1) |
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1.9.2 Traveling Wave in RD System |
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18 | (1) |
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1.9.3 Stationary Turing Structures |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (1) |
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1.10.1 Applications of Microemulsion |
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21 | (1) |
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1.10.2 The BZ--AOT System |
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22 | (1) |
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1.11 Universality of Self-organization in Natural Science |
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22 | (2) |
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1.12 Self-organization in Oscillatory Belousov--Zhabotinsky Reaction |
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24 | (1) |
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1.13 Self-organization in Material Science |
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25 | (2) |
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1.14 Applications of Self-organization in Materials Science |
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27 | (1) |
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1.15 Oscillations and Self-organization in Material Science |
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27 | (1) |
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1.16 Non-equilibrium Crystallization Phenomena |
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28 | (6) |
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1.16.1 Dendritic Crystal Growth |
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29 | (2) |
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1.16.2 Diffusion-Limited Aggregation-Like Crystal Growths |
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31 | (1) |
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1.16.3 Growth of Spherulitic Crystal Patterns |
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32 | (2) |
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1.17 Significance of the Research Work |
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34 | (1) |
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1.18 Scope and Objectives of the Research Work |
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35 | (12) |
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40 | (7) |
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2 Growth and Formation of Diffusion-Limited-Aggregation Crystal Pattern |
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47 | (6) |
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47 | (2) |
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2.2 Colloidal State and Solid-Phase Nucleation |
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49 | (1) |
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2.3 Structural Determination of DLA Crystal Patterns |
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50 | (3) |
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52 | (1) |
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3 Growth and Form of Spherulitic Crystal Pattern |
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53 | (8) |
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53 | (1) |
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3.2 Development of Spatial Pattern Formation |
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53 | (4) |
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3.3 Structural Determination of Nanostructured Spherulite Crystal Pattern |
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57 | (4) |
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60 | (1) |
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4 Summary of the Research Work |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (2) |
| About the Book |
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Rohit Srivastava was born in Pratapgarh in the year 1986. He got his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, India in 2005 and 2008, respectively. He received Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) in Chemistry from Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University Agra, India in 2010 and after that he worked as a project fellow on UGC major research project at Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India. He obtained his Ph.D. from Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India, in August 2015, where he investigated Self-organization and growth of nanostructured branched crystal pattern in Belousov-Zhabotinsky type chemical reactions. He is currently working as Post-doctoral fellow in Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. He has published more than 15 research papers in high impact international journal, one book chapter and one book. He has received awards like Dr. DS Kothari Post-docfellowship of UGC, Govt. of India, Institute Post-doctoral Fellowship from IIT Bombay and Institute fellowship (JRF) from BIT Mesra, Ranchi, India. He is reviewer of more than 5 international journals. His current research areas are polymer based functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications, self-assembly, oscillatory chemical reactions, pattern formation in reaction diffusion system and electrospun based nanofiber for biosensor applications.
Narendra Yadav received PhD Degree in the subject of Chemical Science from Birla Institute of Technology (BIT), Mesra, Ranchi, in 2013. Presently, he is working as Research Scientist in the Department of Space Engineering & Rocketry, BIT Mesra, since July 2010. He has been involved in research work for the Growth of Novel Crystal Patterns Mediated with Non-Equilibrium Crystallization and Oscillatory Chemical Reactions. Dr. Yadav is also associated with various R&D activities in the area of high energy materials (HEMs) for aerospace application. He has 10 papers in peer reviewed journals and 06 publications in seminar and conference proceedings in general Chemistry and Propellant technology.
Jayeeta Chattopadhyay was born in Kolkata in the year 1981. She received her Bachelor of Science with Honours in Chemistry from Bethune College, Calcutta University. She got her Master of Science in Chemistry from Devi Ahilya University, Indore (2003) and Master of Technology in Fuels and Combustion from Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi (2005). She obtained her Ph.D. in New Energy Engineering with best doctoral thesis award from Seoul National University of Science and Technology, S. Korea (2010). She has obtained the prestigious Fast Track Young Scientist award from Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India (2010). She has published more than 20 research and review articles in high impact peer-reviewed international journals, and she is the owner of one international patent.She is the reviewer of more than seven high impact international journals. Her research interest includes nano-structured materials for energy applications, and thermo-degradation of solid waste materials. She also works on oscillatory chemical reactions and pattern formation in reaction diffusion system.
