In Hajj Travelogues: Texts and Contexts from the 12th Century until 1950 Richard van Leeuwen maps the corpus of hajj accounts from the Muslim world and Europe. The work outlines the main issues in a field of study which has largely been neglected. A large number of hajj travelogues are described as a textual type integrating religious discourse into the form of the journey. Special attention is given to their intertextual embedding in the broader discursive tradition of the hajj. Since the corpus is seen as dynamic and responsive to historical developments, the texts are situated in their historical context and the subsequent phases of globalisation. It is shown how in travelogues forms of religious subjectivity are constructed and expressed.
Contents
Acknowledgements and Remarks
Maps
Introduction
part 1: From the Beginnings until 1800
1 The Formation of a Corpus
1Questions of Genre
2Intertextual Connections, Cultural and Historical Backgrounds
3Intra-generic Coherence
4Travellers and Their Readers
5Transmission
6Conclusion
2 Journeys
1Conventions for Travelling
2Trajectories and Caravans
3The Sea Route from Asia
4The Holy Places
5Themes and Issues
6Conclusion
3 Politics
1The Hajj and Processes of Globalisation
2The History and Organisation of the Hajj as a Political Issue
3Accompanying a Moroccan Princess on Hajj
4An Ottoman Perspective
5A Moroccan Embassy
6Mughal Perspectives
7Political Themes and References
8Conclusion
4 Religion
1The Religious Framework
2The Legal Framework
3Reformers
4Religious Frameworks 1: al-Abdar
5Religious Frameworks 2: al-Ayysh
6Scriptural and Legal Frameworks
7Places for Visitation (mazrt)
8Rituals, Ceremonies, Feasts
9Women
10Scholarly Encounters
11Books
12Conclusion
5 The Spiritual Dimension
1Sufism and the Hajj
2Maghrib Pilgrims until the End of the 17th Century
3Abd al-Ghan al-Nbulus
4Shh Wal Allh of Delhi
5The Maghrib Tradition in the 18th Century
6Conclusion
6 European Discourses
1Travellers and Informants
2Europeans in Mecca
3Scholars
4Polemicists
5Conclusion
part 2: 18001950
7 European Intrusions and the Impact of Modernity
1Modernity and Reform
2The Muslim World and the Spread of Modernity
3Cultural Debates
4European Discourses of the Hajj, 18001950
5European Travellers to Mecca
6The Second Wave of Sad-Wahhb Insurgency
7European Pilgrims to Mecca
8The Hajj and European Scholarship
9Conclusion
8 Continuity and Change
1Issues of Genre
2Autobiographies
3Adab
4Realism
5Religion and Scholarship
6Administrative Handbooks
7Journals and Periodicals
8Guides
9Visual Material, Images, Photographs
10Conclusion
9 Journeys
1Itineraries
2Modern Travel
3Sanitary Arrangements
4Bureaucratic Formalities
5Conclusion
10 Politics
1Ottoman Reforms
2European Imperialism
3Egypt
4Troubles in the Hijaz
5Political Visions
6The Hijaz as a Place of Refuge and Immigration
7Conclusion
11 Religion
1Law and Theology
2Religion and Politics: The Case of Rashd Ri
3Between Universalism and Diversity: The Islamic Congresses
4Modern Muslims
5The Hajj and Political Militancy
6Shs
7Women on Hajj
8Conclusion
12 The Spiritual Dimension
1Sufism, Travellers, and Travelogues
2Hajj Accounts as Sufi Texts
3The Kattn Shaykhs and Their Sufi Network
4Conclusion
Conclusion
1Framing the Hajj as a Journey
2Periodisation, Cultural Background, and Modernity
3The Hajj and Spirituality
Glossary
Travelogues
Bibliography
Index
Richard van Leeuwen (Ph.D 1991) was senior lecturer in Arabic and Islamic studies at the University of Amsterdam. He has many publications in the fields of Middle Eastern history, Islamic studies and Arabic literature. He also works as a translator of Arabic literature.
