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Handbook of Intelligent Policing: Consilience, Crime Control, and Community Safety [Pehme köide]

Edited by (, Chair of the John Grieve Centre for Policing and Community Safety, London Metropolitan University), Edited by (, Director and Founder of the John Grieve Centre fo), Edited by , Edited by (, Deputy Director of the John Grieve Centre for Policing and Community Safety)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 340 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 234x156x21 mm, kaal: 527 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Aug-2008
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0199533121
  • ISBN-13: 9780199533121
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 340 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 234x156x21 mm, kaal: 527 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Aug-2008
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0199533121
  • ISBN-13: 9780199533121
In the last twenty-five years, there has been a growing awareness of the role of intelligence within law enforcement activity. This edited volume on intelligence is the first of its kind to draw together in one volume scholarly and practical perspectives on intelligence in policing. In a range of essays from leading experts and practitioners, this book sets out the main concepts and philosophies behind the practical framework for intelligence gathering and analysis in UK policing. The book's four Editors bring a wealth of experience and knowledge to bear upon the subject matter: Sir David Phillips and Professor John Grieve were instrumental in developing and defining the role of intelligence in English policing; Dr Clive Harfield has operational experience managing an intelligence unit and was a national intelligence officer; and Professor Allyson MacVean has practical experience working with the police on issues of dangerous offender management and community impact assessments.

The emphasis on intelligence for the purposes of policing has been expressed theoretically in 'intelligence-led policing'; a mantra repeated by both politicians and senior police officers and suggesting that intelligence is the universal panacea for all ills - from national security to creating safer neighbourhoods. This expression betrays both the potential sophistication of intelligence and the very real implementation problems that practitioners encounter daily. This volume seeks to address these complexities through its discussion of how intelligence has been conceptualised and developed into practical products for the purposes of policing as undertaken not only by the police, but also by partner agencies and other providers.

Divided into four parts, each section of the book begins with a comprehensive overview of the topic written by the Editors. The Editors pose a series of questions which are explored further by expert contributors in a series of essays, each one an important contribution to the treatment of intelligence in policing today. Part One looks at the history and theory of intelligence in policing, reflecting on how the police service arrived at its current approaches to intelligence; Part Two deals with analysis, examining the police relationship with analysts and the various models of analysis; Part Three looks at partnership with other agencies (prisons/local authorities) and draws on case studies to explore how different frameworks can be structured; and Part Four looks to the future and and asks whether intelligence-led policing is the answer. Contributors include R.Mark Evans, Director of Analytical Services for the Police Service of Northern Ireland and National Manager for Intelligence at New Zealand Police; Michael Hawley, Federal Agent for the Australian Federal Police; Professor Betsy Stanko; and Sir Paul Scott-Lee, Chief Constable at West Midlands Police.

This thoughtful and pioneering volume is a timely addition to publications on policing, and will be of interest to police, the Security Services, and academics alike.
Contributors xvii
Table of Legislation xix
INTRODUCTION: INTELLIGENT POLICING 1
PART I THINKING ABOUT INTELLIGENCE
INTRODUCTION TO PART I: IDEAS IN POLICE INTELLIGENCE
9
1 LAWFULLY AUDACIOUS: A REFLECTIVE JOURNEY
13
Theories and Philosophies of Intelligence
14
The Responses to the Rise of Project and Organized Crime
17
Conclusion
22
2 POLICE INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS AS A STRATEGIC RESPONSE
25
Intelligence as a Discipline
26
The Intelligence Model as a Theory
32
Conclusion
34
3 THE PERFECT ENEMY: REFLECTIONS OF AN INTELLIGENCE OFFICER ON THE COLD WAR AND TODAY'S CHALLENGES
37
Introduction
37
Relevance of Foreign Intelligence Analysis to Police Intelligence Systems
38
The Soviet Threat
39
The New World—Less than Perfect Enemies
44
Expectations for Intelligence
45
4 THE POLICE AND THE INTELLIGENCE SERVICES-WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE RELATIONSHIP WITH MI5
47
Introduction
47
Understanding the Security Service
50
The Counterterrorism (CT) Relationship
53
Serious and Organized Crime
57
Conclusion
58
5 THE GOVERNANCE OF INTELLIGENCE
63
From Political Denial to Political Exposure: Spinning Intelligence
63
Defining Intelligence for Action
65
Integrity, Independence, and Doing Business
67
Lessons from the Hutton and Butler Reports
68
Secrecy, Trust, and Power
69
Conclusion
71
6 'INTELLIGENCE' AND THE DIVISION OF LINGUISTIC LABOUR
75
Introduction
75
Philosophical Background
75
DLL and Multiple Experts
79
Conclusion
82
PART II THE ROLE OF ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION TO PART II: ANALYSIS-PROVIDING A CONTEXT FOR INTELLIGENCE
89
7 SCIENCE OR SOPHISTRY: ISSUES IN MANAGING ANALYSTS AND THEIR PRODUCTS
93
Introduction
93
What Should be Done with Analysts?
93
What Should be Done with Analytical Products?
97
Learning Lessons
98
Conclusion
103
8 CULTURAL PARADIGMS AND CHANGE: A MODEL OF ANALYSIS
105
A Framework for Change
105
Change and the New Cultural Paradigm: A Model of Consilience?
115
Conclusion
118
9 AN EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF THE INTELLIGENCE ANALYST WITHIN THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE MODEL
121
Introduction
121
The Function and Character of the Analyst
121
The Research
125
Conclusion
129
10 PAN-EUROPEAN LAW ENFORCEMENT STRATEGIC ANALYSIS: TRENDS AND CONCERNS
131
The Advent of 'New' Organized Crime
131
Europol—Analytical Difficulties, Data Protection, and 'Remit'
133
Organized Crime and Economic Sectors—The Ghent Analytical Methodology
134
Trial and Adaptation of Analytical Methodologies
135
Case Study—Strategic Intelligence Oversight and Albanian Criminal Groups within the EU
136
The Law Enforcement Response to Emerging Global Terrorism
137
Terrorism and the Nexus with Organized Crime
139
A Generation of EU Strategic Analysis—Possible Concerns
141
EU-Wide Strategic Intelligence Analysis in Retrospect
142
PART III CASE STUDIES—INTELLIGENCE AND PARTNERSHIP
INTRODUCTION TO PART III: CASE STUDIES-INTELLIGENCE AND PARTNERSHIP
147
11 INTELLIGENT PARTNERSHIP
151
Introduction
151
The Partnership Business Model
152
The Strategic Assessment
156
Partnership and the Manchester Experience
157
12 OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE-A CASE STUDY: GLADA: 'LONDON: THE HIGHS AND LOWS' 2003 AND 2007
161
Introduction
161
Open-Source Intelligence and Consilient Thinking
161
A Case Study—London: The Highs and Lows 2003 and 2007
164
Conclusion
170
13 'THE MOBILES ARE OUT AND THE HOODS ARE UP'
173
Introduction
173
Community and Diversity Officers
174
Defining Community Impact Assessments
176
Tat Tvam Asi (Thou Art That) or Understanding Critical Incidents
177
Conclusion 18o
14 CROSS-BORDER LIAISON AND INTELLIGENCE: PRACTICALITIES AND ISSUES
183
Introduction
183
The Concept of Intelligence in Daily Practice
184
The Use of Liaison Officers
184
The Context: Russian Law Enforcement Agencies
186
Obstacles to Cross-Border Intelligence Exchange
191
Conclusion
193
15 EUROPOL AND THE UNDERSTANDING OF INTELLIGENCE
195
Introduction
195
Europol
196
Intelligence and Knowledge
197
Research
197
Discussion and Conclusion
202
PART IV BENCHMARKING THE WAY FORWARD
INTRODUCTION TO PART IV: THE FUTURE OF INTELLIGENCE
207
16 CONSILIENCE, CRIME CONTROL, AND COMMUNITY SAFETY
211
Introduction
211
Need for Consilience
212
An Australian Perspective
213
Why the Intelligence/Operational Relationship Can Fail
215
How Relationship Failure Impacts on Organizational Efficiency
217
Role of the AFP
218
Role of the LCIP
219
The AFP's Intelligence Services Model
220
Summary
223
Appendix: AFP Intelligence Services
223
17 STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE: METHODOLOGIES FOR UNDERSTANDING WHAT POLICE SERVICES ALREADY 'KNOW' TO REDUCE HARM
227
Grounding Strategic Intelligence: A Criminologist on the Inside
228
Example One: What Do Hate-Crime and Domestic Violence Victims Tell Us About the Dangerousness of Offenders?
231
Example Two: What Do Risky Places Tell Us About Offending and Offenders?
233
Example Three: Harnessing What Local Police Know to Prevent Violence in Local Open Drugs Markets
235
Concluding Discussion
236
18 INTELLIGENCE, KNOWLEDGE, AND THE RECONFIGURATION OF POLICING
239
Introduction
239
Whatever Happened to Intelligence-Led Policing?
240
Is 'Knowledge' More than 'Intelligence'?
242
The Changing Context of Policing
244
Conclusion: Towards a Concept of Knowledge-Based Policing?
248
19 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND THE EFFECTIVE WORKING OF CRIME AND DISORDER REDUCTION PARTNERSHIPS
255
Policing and Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships
255
Achievements of the CDRPS and Ongoing Challenges in Information and Knowledge Management
256
What is Knowledge Management?
257
Key Aspects of the SECI Model as Applied within the CDRP Context
260
Implementing Knowledge Management in CDRPS
262
Organizational Cultures
264
The Role of the Knowledge-Management Professional in Fostering Greater Levels of Social Capital in Organizations
267
Summary and Conclusion
268
20 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE MODEL: FADS OR FUNDAMENTALS, COMPLEMENTING OR CONTRADICTING? WHAT ARE THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRANSFERABLE LEARNING?
271
Introduction
271
The National Intelligence Model (NIM)
273
Knowledge Management and Intelligence-Led Policing
276
Current Knowledge-Based Initiatives and the Link to Performance
279
Conclusion and Implications for Law Enforcement and the UK Public Sector
284
21 PERFORMANCE VERSUS INTELLIGENCE: THE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES
289
The Reality behind the Conflict?
290
Resolution of Tensions within West Midlands
295
Conclusion
301
22 THE HOME OFFICE AND THE POLICE: THE CASE OF THE POLICE FUNDING FORMULA
303
Allocation within Forces: Winter in Florida, Summer in Alaska, and Other Matters
304
The Police Funding Formula
306
Conclusion
310
Index 313
Professor John Grieve QPM is Professor Emeritus and Chair of the John Grieve Centre for Policing at London Metropolitan University, and a former Director of Intelligence for the Metropolitan Police.



Professor Allyson McVean is Director and Founder of the John Grieve Centre for Policing and Community Safety, London Metropolitan University. She has extensive practical experience of working with police forces on issues of dangerous offender management and community impact assessments, and thus brings a third party perspective to the partnership use of intelligence.



Dr Clive Harfield is Deputy Director of the John Grieve Centre for Policing and Community Safety and a police commander and national intelligence officer. Dr Harfield is co-author of two Blackstone's Practical Policing titles, Covert Investigation and Intelligence.



Sir David Phillips is Director of the National Centre of Policing Excellence and former Chief Constable of Kent Police. He was knighted in 2000 for his services to policing and is an honorary fellow of Christ Church, University of Oxford. Sir David is best known for his development of 'intelligence led' policing, his contributions to criminal justice reform and his advocacy of professional skills in investigation. He was a member of the Criminal Justice Council by appointment of the Lord Chancellor.