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Handbook of Optics, Third Edition Volume V: Atmospheric Optics, Modulators, Fiber Optics, X-Ray and Neutron Optics 3rd edition [Kõva köide]

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Casimer DeCusatis, Jay Enoch, Carolyn MacDonald, Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan, Virendra Mahajan, Guifang Li, Eric Van Stryland, Michael Bass

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Ilmumisaeg: 16-Dec-2009
Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Professional
ISBN-10: 0071633138
ISBN-13: 9780071633130

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Formaat: Hardback, 1280 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 241x191x46 mm, kaal: 2055 g, 0 Illustrations
Ilmumisaeg: 16-Dec-2009
Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Professional
ISBN-10: 0071633138
ISBN-13: 9780071633130

Teised raamatud teemal:

Applied optics
Optical physics - (Hetkel poes: 1 nimetust)

Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780071633130.html

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Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.

The most comprehensive and up-to-date optics resource available Prepared under the auspices of the Optical Society of America, the five carefully architected and cross-referenced volumes of the Handbook of Optics, Third Edition, contain everything a student, scientist, or engineer requires to actively work in the field. From the design of complex optical systems to world-class research and development methods, this definitive publication provides unparalleled access to the fundamentals of the discipline and its greatest minds.

Individual chapters are written by the world's most renowned experts who explain, illustrate, and solve the entire field of optics. Each volume contains a complete chapter listing for the entire Handbook, extensive chapter glossaries, and a wealth of references. This pioneering work offers unprecedented coverage of optics data, techniques, and applications.

Volume V covers atmospheric optics, modulators, fiber optics, and x-ray and neutron optics.

Contributors

xix

Brief Contents of All Volumes

xxiii

Editors' Preface

xxix

Preface to Volume V

xxxi

Glossary and Fundamental Constants

xxxiii

Part
1. Measurements

Scatterometers

John C. Stover

Glossary

(1)

Introduction

(2)

Definitions and Specifications

(2)

Instrument Configurations and Component Descriptions

(4)

Instrumentation Issues

(2)

Measurement Issues

(1)

Incident Power Measurement, System Calibration, and Error Analysis

(2)

Summary

(1)

References

Spectroscopic Measurements

(2)

Brian Henderson

Glossary

(1)

Introductory Comments

(1)

Optical Absorption Measurements of Energy Levels

(11)

The Homogeneous Lineshape of Spectra

(6)

Absorption, Photoluminescence, and Radiative Decay Measurements

(5)

References

Part
2. Atmospheric Optics

Atmospheric Optics

Dennis K. Killinger

James H. Churnside

Laurence S. Rothman

Glossary

(1)

Introduction

(2)

Physical and Chemical Composition of the Standard Atmosphere

(5)

Fundamental Theory of Interaction of Light with the Atmosphere

(11)

Prediction of Atmospheric Optical Transmission: Computer Programs and Databases

(4)

Atmospheric Optical Turbulence

(10)

Examples of Atmospheric Optical Remote Sensing

(4)

Meteorological Optics

(3)

Atmospheric Optics and Global Climate Change

(2)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

Imaging through Atmospheric Turbulence

(1)

Virendra N. Mahajan

Guang-Ming Dai

Abstract

(1)

Glossary

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Long-Exposure Image

(4)

Kolmogorov Turbulence and Atmospheric Coherence Length

(3)

Application to Systems with Annular Pupils

(7)

Modal Expansion of Aberration Function

(3)

Covariance and Variance of Expansion Coefficients

(3)

Angle of Arrival Fluctuations

(4)

Aberration Variance and Approximate Strehl Ratio

(1)

Modal Correction of Atmospheric Turbulence

(3)

Short-Exposure Image

(4)

Adaptive Optics

(1)

Summary

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

Adaptive Optics

(1)

Robert Q. Fugate

Glossary

(1)

Introduction

(1)

The Adaptive Optics Concept

(3)

The Nature of Turbulence and Adaptive Optics Requirements

(16)

AO Hardware and Software Implementation

(17)

How to Design an Adaptive Optical System

(8)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

PART
3. Modulators

Acousto-Optic Devices

(1)

I-Cheng Chang

Glossary

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Theory of Acousto-Optic Interaction

(11)

Acousto-Optic Materials

(6)

Acousto-Optic Deflector

(9)

Acousto-Optic Modulator

(4)

Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter

(10)

References

Electro-Optic Modulators

(1)

Georgeanne M. Purvinis

Theresa A. Maldonado

Glossary

(2)

Introduction

(1)

Crystal Optics and the Index Ellipsoid

(3)

The Electro-Optic Effect

(10)

Modulator Devices

(20)

Applications

(3)

Appendix: Euler Angles

(1)

References

Liquid Crystals

(2)

Sebastian Gauza

Shin-Tson Wu

Abstract

(1)

Glossary

(1)

Introduction to Liquid Crystals

(2)

Types of Liquid Crystals

(4)

Liquid Crystals Phases

(5)

Physical Properties

(12)

Liquid Crystal Cells

(4)

Liquid Crystals Displays

(7)

Polymer/Liquid Crystal Composites

(1)

Summary

(1)

References

(1)

Bibliography

Part
4. Fiber Optics

Optical Fiber Communication Technology and System Overview

Ira Jacobs

Introduction

(1)

Basic Technology

(4)

Receiver Sensitivity

(4)

Bit Rate and Distance Limits

(1)

Optical Amplifiers

(1)

Fiber-Optic Networks

(1)

Analog Transmission on Fiber

(2)

Technology and Applications Directions

(1)

References

Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fibers

(1)

John A. Buck

Key Issues in Nonlinear Optics in Fibers

(2)

Self- and Cross-Phase Modulation

(1)

Stimulated Raman Scattering

(3)

Stimulated Brillouin Scattering

(2)

Four-Wave Mixing

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

References

Photonic Crystal Fibers

(1)

Philip St. J. Russell

Greg J. Pearce

Glossary

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Brief History

(2)

Fabrication Techniques

(2)

Modeling and Analysis

(1)

Characteristics of Photonic Crystal Cladding

(4)

Linear Characteristics of Guidance

(11)

Nonlinear Characteristics of Guidance

(4)

Intrafiber Devices, Cutting, and Joining

(2)

Conclusions

(1)

Appendix

(1)

References

Infrared Fibers

(1)

James A. Harrington

Introduction

(2)

Nonoxide and Heavy-Metal Oxide Glass IR Fibers

(4)

Crystalline Fibers

(3)

Hollow Waveguides

(3)

Summary and Conclusions

(1)

References

Sources, Modulators, and Detectors for Fiber Optic Communication Systems

(1)

Elsa Garmire

Introduction

(2)

Double Heterostructure Laser Diodes

(5)

Operating Characteristics of Laser Diodes

(5)

Transient Response of Laser Diodes

(5)

Noise Characteristics of Laser Diodes

(6)

Quantum Well and Strained Lasers

(4)

Distributed Feedback and Distributed Bragg Reflector Lasers

(4)

Tunable Lasers

(4)

Light-Emitting Diodes

(6)

Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

(6)

Lithium Niobate Modulators

(7)

Electroabsorption Modulators

(6)

Electro-Optic and Electrorefractive Modulators

(2)

PIN Diodes

(8)

Avalanche Photodiodes, MSM Detectors, and Schottky Diodes

(3)

References

Optical Fiber Amplifiers

(1)

John A. Buck

Introduction

(1)

Rare-Earth-Doped Amplifier Configuration and Operation

(2)

EDFA Physical Structure and Light Interactions

(3)

Other Rare-Earth Systems

(1)

Raman Fiber Amplifiers

(2)

Parametric Amplifiers

(1)

References

Fiber Optic Communication Links (Telecom, Datacom, and Analog)

(1)

Casimer DeCusatis

Guifang Li

Figures of Merit

(4)

Link Budget Analysis: Installation Loss

(2)

Link Budget Analysis: Optical Power Penalties

(10)

References

Fiber-Based Couplers

(1)

Daniel Nolan

Introduction

(2)

Achromaticity

(1)

Wavelength Division Multiplexing

(1)

X N Power Splitters

(1)

Switches and Attenuators

(1)

Mach-Zehnder Devices

(1)

Polarization Devices

(1)

Summary

(1)

References

Fiber Bragg Gratings

(1)

Kenneth O. Hill

Glossary

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Photosensitivity

(1)

Properties of Bragg Gratings

(1)

Fabrication of Fiber Gratings

(4)

The Application of Fiber Gratings

(1)

References

Micro-Optics-Based Components for Networking

(1)

Joseph C. Palais

Introduction

(1)

Generalized Components

(1)

Network Functions

(3)

Subcomponents

(4)

Components

(3)

References

Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

(1)

Jay M. Wiesenfeld

Leo H. Spiekman

Introduction

(1)

Device Basics

(13)

Fabrication

(2)

Device Characterization

(5)

Applications

(1)

Amplification of Signals

(6)

Switching and Modulation

(1)

Nonlinear Applications

(7)

Final Remarks

(1)

References

Optical Time-Division Multiplexed Communication Networks

(1)

Peter J. Delfyett

Glossary

(2)

Introduction

(1)

Multiplexing and Demultiplexing

(9)

Introduction to Device Technology

(12)

Summary and Future Outlook

(1)

Bibliography

WDM Fiber-Optic Communication Networks

(1)

Alan E. Willner

Changyuan Yu

Zhongqi Pan

Yong Xie

Introduction

(3)

Basic Architecture of WDM Networks

(9)

Fiber System Impairments

(14)

Optical Modulation Formats for WDM Systems

(10)

Optical Amplifiers in WDM Networks

(7)

Summary

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

Solitons in Optical Fiber Communication Systems

(1)

Pavel V. Mamyshev

Introduction

Nature of the Classical Soliton

(2)

Properties of Solitons

(1)

Classical Soliton Transmission Systems

(2)

Frequency-Guiding Filters

(1)

Sliding Frequency-Guiding Filters

(1)

Wavelength Division Multiplexing

(3)

Dispersion-Managed Solitons

(3)

Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Dispersionmanaged Soliton Transmission

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

References

Fiber-Optic Communication Standards

(1)

Casimer DeCusatis

Introduction

(1)

ESCON

(1)

FDDI

(2)

Fibre Channel Standard

(2)

ATM/SONET

(1)

Ethernet

(1)

Infiniband

(1)

References

Optical Fiber Sensors

(1)

Richard O. Claus

Ignacio Matias

Francisco Arregui

Introduction

(1)

Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometric Sensors

(2)

Intrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometric Sensors

(1)

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

(3)

Long-Period Grating Sensors

(5)

Comparison of Sensing Schemes

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(1)

Further Reading

High-Power Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers

(4)

Timothy S. McComb

Martin C. Richardson

Michael Bass

Glossary

(2)

Introduction

(3)

Fiber Laser Limitations

(1)

Fiber Laser Fundamentals

(2)

Fiber Laser Architectures

(9)

LMA Fiber Designs

(4)

Active Fiber Dopants

(4)

Fiber Fabrication and Materials

(3)

Spectral and Temporal Modalities

(4)

Conclusions

(1)

References

PART
5. X-Ray and Neutron Optics

Introduction and Applications

An Introduction to X-Ray and Neutron Optics

Carolyn MacDonald

History

(1)

X-Ray Interaction with Matter

(1)

Optics Choices

(2)

Focusing and Collimation

(2)

References

Coherent X-Ray Optics and Microscopy

(1)

Qun Shen

Glossary

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Fresnel Wave Propagation

(1)

Unified Approach for Near- and Far-Field Diffraction

(2)

Coherent Diffraction Microscopy

(1)

Coherence Preservation in X-Ray Optics

(1)

References

Requirements for X-Ray Diffraction

(1)

Scott T. Misture

Introduction

(1)

Slits

(2)

Crystal Optics

(2)

Multilayer Optics

(1)

Capillary and Polycapillary Optics

(1)

Diffraction and Fluorescence Systems

(2)

X-Ray Sources and Microsources

(1)

References

Requirements for X-Ray Fluorescence

(1)

Walter Gibson

George Havrilla

Introduction

(1)

Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (WDXRF)

(1)

Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF)

(9)

References

Requirements for X-Ray Spectroscopy

(1)

Dirk Lutzenkirchen-Hecht

Ronald Frahm

References

Requirements for Medical Imaging and X-Ray Inspection

(1)

Douglas Pfeiffer

Introduction to Radiography and Tomography

(1)

X-Ray Attenuation and Image Formation

(3)

X-Ray Detectors and Image Receptors

(1)

Tomography

(1)

Computed Tomography

(2)

Digital Tomosynthesis

(1)

Digital Displays

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

References

Requirements for Nuclear Medicine

(1)

Lars R. Furenlid

Introduction

(1)

Projection Image Acquisition

(1)

Information Content in SPECT

(1)

Requirements for Optics For SPECT

(1)

References

Requirements for X-Ray Astronomy

(1)

Scott O. Rohrbach

Introduction

(1)

Trade-Offs

(2)

Summary

Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography

(1)

Franco Cerrina

Fan Jiang

Introduction

(1)

Technology

(3)

Outlook

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

Ray Tracing of X-Ray Optical Systems

(1)

Franco Cerrina

Manuel Sanchez del Rio

Introduction

(1)

The Conceptual Basis of Shadow

(1)

Interfaces and Extensions of Shadow

(1)

Examples

(1)

Conclusions and Future

(1)

References

X-Ray Properties of Materials

(2)

Eric M. Gullikson

X-Ray and Neutron Optics

(1)

Electron Binding Energies, Principal K- and L-Shell Emission Lines, and Auger Electron Energies

(7)

References

Refractive and Interference Optics

Refractive X-Ray Lenses

Bruno Lengeler

Christian G. Schroer

Introduction

(1)

Refractive X-Ray Lenses with Rotationally Parabolic Profile

(2)

Imaging with Parabolic Refractive X-Ray Lenses

(1)

Microfocusing with Parabolic Refractive X-Ray Lenses

(1)

Prefocusing and Collimation with Parabolic Refractive X-Ray Lenses

(1)

Nanofocusing Refractive X-Ray Lenses

(3)

Conclusion

(1)

References

Gratings and Monochromators in the VUV and Soft X-Ray Spectral Region

(1)

Malcolm R. Howells

Introduction

(1)

Diffraction Properties

(2)

Focusing Properties

(3)

Dispersion Properties

(1)

Resolution Properties

(1)

Efficiency

(1)

References

Crystal Monochromators and Bent Crystals

(1)

Peter Siddons

Crystal Monochromators

(4)

Bent Crystals

(1)

References

Zone Plates

(1)

Alan Michette

Introduction

(1)

Geometry of a Zone Plate

(2)

Zone Plates as Thin Lenses

(1)

Diffraction Efficiencies of Zone Plates

(4)

Manufacture of Zone Plates

(1)

Bragg-Fresnel Lenses

(1)

References

Multilayers

(1)

Eberhard Spiller

Glossary

(1)

Introduction

(2)

Calculation of Multilayer Properties

(1)

Fabrication Methods and Performance

(5)

Multilayers for Diffractive Imaging

(1)

References

Nanofocusing of Hard X-Rays with Multilayer Laue Lenses

(1)

Albert T. Macrander

Hanfei Yan

Hyon Chol Kang

Jorg Maser

Chian Liu

Ray Conley

G. Brian Stephenson

Abstract

(1)

Introduction

(2)

MLL Concept and Volume Diffraction Calculations

(1)

Magnetron-Sputtered MLLs

(4)

Instrumental Beamline Arrangement and Measurements

(3)

Takagi-Taupin Calculations

(1)

Wedged MLLs

(2)

MMLs with Curved Interfaces

(1)

MLL Prospects

(2)

Summary

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

Polarizing Crystal Optics

(2)

Qun Shen

Introduction

(1)

Linear Polarizers

(2)

Linear Polarization Analyzers

(1)

Phase Plates for Circular Polarization

(1)

Circular Polarization Analyzers

(2)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

Reflective Optics

Image Formation with Grazing Incidence Optics

James E. Harvey

Glossary

(1)

Introduction to X-Ray Mirrors

(3)

Optical Design and Residual Aberrations of Grazing Incidence Telescopes

(6)

Image Analysis for Grazing Incidence X-Ray Optics

(4)

Validation of Image Analysis for Grazing Incidence X-Ray Optics

(2)

References

Aberrations for Grazing Incidence Optics

(1)

Timo T. Saha

Grazing Incidence Telescopes

(1)

Surface Equations

(2)

Transverse Ray Aberration Expansions

(2)

Curvature of the Best Focal Surface

(1)

Aberration Balancing

(1)

On-Axis Aberrations

(2)

References

X-Ray Mirror Metrology

(1)

Peter Z. Takacs

Glossary

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Surface Finish Metrology

(1)

Surface Figure Metrology

(3)

Practical Profile Analysis Considerations

(6)

References

Astronomical X-Ray Optics

(1)

Marshall K. Joy

Brian D. Ramsey

Introduction

(1)

Wolter X-Ray Optics

(5)

Kirkpatrick-Baez Optics

(2)

Hard X-Ray Optics

(1)

Toward Higher Angular Resolution

(1)

References

Multifoil X-Ray Optics

(1)

Ladislav Pina

Introduction

(1)

Grazing Incidence Optics

(1)

Multifoil Lobster-Eye Optics

(1)

Multifoil Kirkpatrick-Baez Optics

(1)

Summary

(1)

References

Pore Optics

(1)

Marco W. Beijersbergen

Introduction

(1)

Glass Micropore Optics

(5)

Silicon Pore Optics

(1)

Micromachined Silicon

(1)

References

Adaptive X-Ray Optics

(1)

Ali Khounsary

Introduction

(1)

Adaptive Optics in X-Ray Astronomy

(1)

Active and Adaptive Optics for Synchrotron- and Lab-Based X-Ray Sources

(6)

Conclusions

(1)

References

The Schwarzschild Objective

(1)

Franco Cerrina

Introduction

(2)

Applications to X-Ray Domain

(2)

References

Single Capillaries

(1)

Donald H. Bilderback

Sterling W. Cornaby

Background

(1)

Design Parameters

(3)

Fabrication

(1)

Applications of Single-Bounce Capillary Optics

(1)

Applications of Condensing Capillary Optics

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

Polycapillary X-Ray Optics

(2)

Carolyn MacDonald

Walter Gibson

Introduction

(2)

Simulations and Defect Analysis

(2)

Radiation Resistance

(1)

Alignment and Measurement

(3)

Collimation

(1)

Focusing

(1)

Applications

(9)

Summary

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

X-Ray Sources

X-Ray Tube Sources

Susanne M. Lee

Carolyn MacDonald

Introduction

(1)

Spectra

(6)

Cathode Design and Geometry

(1)

Effect of Anode Material, Geometry, and Source Size on Intensity and Brightness

(4)

General Optimization

(2)

References

Synchrotron Sources

(1)

Steven L. Hulbert

Gwyn P. Williams

Introduction

(1)

Theory of Synchrotron Radiation Emission

(7)

Insertion Devices (Undulators and Wigglers)

(8)

Coherence of Synchrotron Radiation Emission in the Long Wavelength Limit

(3)

Conclusion

(1)

References

Laser-Generated Plasmas

(1)

Alan Michette

Introduction

(1)

Characteristic Radiation

(6)

Bremsstrahlung

(2)

Recombination Radiation

(1)

References

Pinch Plasma Sources

(1)

Victor Kantsyrev

Introduction

(1)

Types of Z-Pinch Radiation Sources

(2)

Choice of Optics for Z-Pinch Sources

(1)

References

X-Ray Lasers

(1)

Greg Tallents

Free-Electron Lasers

(1)

High Harmonic Production

(1)

Plasma-Based EUV Lasers

(2)

References

Inverse Compton X-Ray Sources

(2)

Frank Carroll

Introduction

(1)

Inverse Compton Calculations

(1)

Practical Devices

(1)

Applications

(1)

Industrial/Military/CrystallographicUses

(1)

References

X-Ray Detectors

Introduction to X-Ray Detectors

Walter Gibson

Peter Siddons

Introduction

(1)

Detector Type

(6)

Summary

(1)

References

Advances in Imaging Detectors

(1)

Aaron Couture

Introduction

(2)

Flat-Panel Detectors

(4)

CCD Detectors

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

References

X-Ray Spectral Detection and Imaging

(2)

Eric Lifshin

References

Neutron Optics and Applications

Neutron Optics

David Mildner

Neutron Physics

(2)

Scattering Lengths and Cross Sections

(7)

Neutron Sources

(3)

Neutron Optical Devices

(4)

Refraction and Reflection

(4)

Diffraction and Interference

(4)

Polarization Techniques

(4)

Neutron Detection

(4)

References

Grazing-Incidence Neutron Optics

(1)

Mikhail Gubarev

Brian Ramsey

Introduction

(1)

Total External Reflection

(1)

Diffractive Scattering and Mirror Surface Roughness Requirements

(1)

Imaging Focusing Optics

(4)

References

Index

The Optical Society of America is a professional society dedicated to serving optics professionals and academics, in the U.S. and around the world.

Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Michael Bass is professor emeritus at the University of Central Florida's Center for Research and Education in Optics and Lasers (CREOL).

Associate Editors: Dr. Casimer M. DeCusatis is a distinguished engineer and technical executive with IBM Corporation.

Dr. Jay Enoch is dean emeritus at the School of Optometry at the University of California, Berkeley.

Dr. Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan is professor of Optometry and Vision Science at the University of Waterloo, Ontario.

Dr. Guifang Li is professor of Optics and Electrical/Computing Engineering at the University of Central Florida.

Dr. Carolyn MacDonald is a professor at the University at Albany, and director of the Center for X-ray Optics.

Dr. Virendra N. Mahajan is a distinguished engineer at The Aerospace Corporation.

Dr. Eric Van Stryland is a professor of The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida.

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