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Handbook of Radar Signal Analysis [Kõva köide]

Edited by (deciBel Research Inc., Huntsville, Alabama, USA), Edited by , Edited by
  • Formaat: Hardback, 676 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 1470 g, 25 Tables, black and white; 569 Line drawings, black and white; 1 Halftones, black and white; 570 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Advances in Applied Mathematics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Aug-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138062863
  • ISBN-13: 9781138062863
Teised raamatud teemal:
Handbook of Radar Signal AnalysisSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 676 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 1470 g, 25 Tables, black and white; 569 Line drawings, black and white; 1 Halftones, black and white; 570 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Advances in Applied Mathematics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Aug-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138062863
  • ISBN-13: 9781138062863
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781138062863.html
Märksõnad:
"This new handbook on radar signal analysis adopted a deliberate and systematic approach. It uses a clear and consistent level of delivery while maintaining strong and easy to follow mathematical details. The emphasis of this book is on radar signal types and their relevant signal processing and not on radar systems hardware or components. This handbook serves as a valuable reference to a wide range of audience. More specifically, college level students, practicing radar engineers, as well as casual readers of the subject are the intended target audience of the first few chapters of this book. As the book chapters progress, these grow in complexity and specificity. Accordingly, later chapters are intended for practicing engineers, graduate college students, and advanced readers. Finally, the last few chapters contain several special topics on radar systems that are both educational and scientifically entertaining to all readers. The presentation of topics in this handbook takes the reader on a scientificjourney whose major landmarks comprise the different radar sub-systems and components. In this context, the chapters of this book follow the radar signal along this journey from its birth to the end of its life. Along the way, the different relevant radar subsystems are analyzed and discussed in great level of details. The chapter-contributors of this new handbook comprise well-seasoned academia members and practicing radar engineers. Their combined years of academic and real-world experiences are well in excess of 175 years. They together bring a unique easy to follow mix of mathematical and practical presentations of the topics discussed in this book. See "Chapter Contributors" section of this book to learn more about these individuals"--

This new handbook on radar signal analysis adopts a deliberate and systematic approach. It uses a clear and consistent level of delivery while maintaining strong and easy-to-follow mathematical details. The emphasis of this book is on radar signal types and their relevant signal processing and not on radar systems hardware or components.

This handbook serves as a valuable reference to a wide range of audience. More specifically, college-level students, practicing radar engineers, as well as casual readers of the subject are the intended target audience of the first few chapters of this book. As the book chapters progress, these grow in complexity and specificity. Accordingly, later chapters are intended for practicing engineers, graduate college students, and advanced readers. Finally, the last few chapters contain several special topics on radar systems that are both educational and scientifically entertaining to all readers.

The presentation of topics in this handbook takes the reader on a scientific journey whose major landmarks comprise the different radar subsystems and components. In this context, the chapters follow the radar signal along this journey from its birth to the end of its life. Along the way, the different relevant radar subsystems are analyzed and discussed in great detail.

The chapter contributors of this new handbook comprise experienced academia members and practicing radar engineers. Their combined years of academic and real-world experiences are in excess of 175. Together, they bring a unique, easy-to-follow mix of mathematical and practical presentations of the topics discussed in this book. See the "Chapter Contributors" section to learn more about these individuals.

Preface
Editors
Contributors
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Signals and Systems - Refresher
1(58)
1.1 Signal Classification
1(1)
1.2 Signal Expansion Functions
2(5)
1.2.1 Fourier Series Expansion
3(1)
Trigonometric Fourier Series
3(1)
Complex Exponential Fourier Series
4(1)
1.2.2 Properties of the Fourier Series
5(1)
Addition and Subtraction
6(1)
Multiplication
6(1)
Average Power
6(1)
1.3 Fourier Transform
7(2)
1.3.1 Fourier Transform Pairs and Properties Tables
8(1)
1.4 Systems Classification
9(2)
1.4.1 Linear and Nonlinear systems
9(1)
1.4.2 Time Invariant and Time Varying Systems
10(1)
1.4.3 Stable and Nonstable Systems
10(1)
1.4.4 Causal and Noncausal Systems
11(1)
1.5 Spectra of Common Radar Signals
11(4)
1.5.1 Continuous Wave Signal
11(1)
1.5.2 Finite Duration Pulse Signal
11(1)
1.5.3 Periodic Pulse Signal
12(1)
1.5.4 Finite Duration Pulse Train Signal
13(2)
1.6 Convolution Integral
15(1)
1.7 Correlation
16(9)
1.7.1 Correlation Coefficient
16(1)
Energy Signals
16(3)
Power Signals
19(1)
1.7.2 Correlation Integral - Energy Signals
19(1)
1.7.3 Relationship between Convolution and Correlation Integrals
20(1)
1.7.4 Effect of Time Translation on the Correlation Function
20(2)
1.7.5 Correlation Function Properties
22(1)
Conjugate Symmetry
22(1)
Total Signal Energy
22(1)
Total Area under the Autocorrelation Function
22(1)
Maximum Value for the Autocorrelation Function
22(1)
Fourier Transform for the Correlation Function
23(1)
1.7.6 Correlation Integral - Power Signals
23(1)
1.7.7 Energy and Power Spectrum Densities
23(1)
1.7.8 Correlation Function for Periodic Signals
24(1)
1.8 Bandpass Signals
25(8)
1.8.1 Analytic Signal (Pre-Envelope)
26(1)
1.8.2 Pre-Envelope and Complex Envelope of Bandpass Signals
27(2)
1.8.3 Spectrum for a Linear Frequency Modulation Signal
29(4)
1.9 Discrete Time Systems and Signals
33(4)
1.9.1 Sampling Theorem
34(1)
Lowpass Sampling Theorem
34(2)
Bandpass Sampling Theorem
36(1)
1.10 Z-Transform
37(2)
1.11 Discrete Fourier Transform
39(9)
1.11.1 Discrete Power Spectrum
39(1)
1.11.2 Spectral Leakage and Fold-Over
40(1)
Spectral Leakage
40(2)
Spectral Fold-Over
42(1)
1.11.3 Windowing Techniques
43(3)
1.11.4 Decimation and Interpolation
46(1)
Decimation
46(1)
Interpolation
47(1)
1.12 Random Variables and Random Processes
48(11)
1.12.1 Random Variables
48(2)
1.12.2 Multivariate Gaussian Random Vector
50(2)
1.12.3 Complex Multivariate Gaussian Random Vector
52(1)
1.12.4 Rayleigh Random Variables
52(1)
1.12.5 The Chi-Square Random Variables
53(1)
Central Chi-Square Random Variable with N Degrees of Freedom
53(1)
Noncentral Chi-Square Random Variable with N Degrees of Freedom
54(1)
1.12.6 Random Processes
55(1)
1.12.7 Gaussian Random Process
56(1)
1.12.8 Lowpass Gaussian Random Processes
56(1)
1.12.9 Bandpass Gaussian Random Processes
57(1)
1.12.10 Envelope of a Bandpass Gaussian Process
58(1)
Chapter 2 Radar Systems Basics
59(34)
2.1 Radar Block Diagram
59(1)
2.2 Radar Specific Terms
60(9)
2.2.1 Range
60(2)
2.2.2 Unambiguous Range
62(1)
2.2.3 Range Resolution
63(2)
2.2.4 Doppler Frequency
65(1)
Doppler Frequency Extraction - Method I
65(2)
Doppler Frequency Extraction - Method II
67(2)
2.3 Radar Systems Classifications and Bands
69(3)
2.3.1 High Frequency and Very HF Radars (A- and B-Bands)
69(1)
2.3.2 Ultra High Frequency Radars (C-Band)
70(1)
2.3.3 L-Band Radars (D-Band)
70(1)
2.3.4 S-Band Radars (E- and F-Bands)
71(1)
2.3.5 C-Band Radar (G-Band)
71(1)
2.3.6 X- and Ku-Band Radars (I- and J-Bands)
71(1)
2.3.7 K- and Ka-Band Radars (J- and K-Bands)
71(1)
2.3.8 Millimeter Wave Radars (V- and W-Bands)
71(1)
2.4 Decibel Arithmetic
72(1)
2.5 Electromagnetic Waves (RF Waves)
73(4)
2.5.1 Polarization
74(3)
2.6 Coherence
77(1)
2.7 Radar Antenna
77(10)
2.7.1 Antenna Directivity and Gain
78(1)
2.7.2 Antenna Power Radiation Pattern
79(3)
2.7.3 Near and Far Fields
82(1)
2.7.4 Beam Shape Loss and Scan Loss
83(1)
Beam Shape Loss
83(1)
Antenna Scan Loss
83(3)
2.7.5 Number of Beam Positions
86(1)
2.8 Radar Cross-Section
87(3)
2.8.1 RCS Prediction Methods
89(1)
2.9 Radar Measurement Errors
90(3)
Chapter 3 Radar Equation
93(34)
3.1 Radar Range Equation
93(13)
3.1.1 Maximum Detection Range
97(3)
3.1.2 Blake Chart
100(1)
3.1.3 Low Pulse Repetition Frequency Radar Equation
101(2)
3.1.4 High PRF Radar Equation
103(1)
3.1.5 Surveillance Radar Equation
103(3)
3.2 Bistatic Radar Equation
106(2)
3.3 Radar Losses
108(7)
3.3.1 Transmit and Receive Losses
108(1)
3.3.2 Antenna Pattern Loss and Scan Loss
108(1)
3.3.3 Atmospheric Loss
109(1)
Atmospheric Absorption
109(2)
Atmospheric Attenuation Plots
111(2)
Attenuation Due to Precipitation
113(1)
3.3.4 Collapsing Loss
114(1)
3.3.5 Processing Loss
114(1)
Detector Approximation
114(1)
Constant False Alarm Rate Loss
115(1)
Quantization Loss
115(1)
Range Gate Straddle Loss
115(1)
Doppler Filter Straddle Loss
115(1)
Other Losses
115(1)
3.4 Noise Figure
115(3)
3.5 Continuous Wave Radars
118(9)
3.5.1 CW Radar Equation
119(1)
3.5.2 Frequency Modulation
120(3)
3.5.3 Linear Frequency Modulated CW Radar
123(2)
3.5.4 Multiple Frequency CW Radar
125(2)
Chapter 4 Radar Propagation Medium
127(32)
4.1 Earth's Impact on the Radar Equation
127(1)
4.2 Earth's Atmosphere
127(3)
4.3 Atmospheric Models
130(8)
4.3.1 Index of refraction in the Troposphere
130(1)
4.3.2 Index of Refraction in the Ionosphere
131(2)
4.3.3 Mathematical Model for Computing Refraction
133(2)
4.3.4 Stratified Atmospheric Refraction Model
135(3)
4.4 Four-Third Earth Model
138(2)
4.4.1 Target Height Equation
139(1)
4.5 Ground Reflection
140(6)
4.5.1 Smooth Surface Reflection Coefficient
140(4)
4.5.2 Divergence
144(1)
4.5.3 Rough Surface Reflection
145(1)
4.5.4 Total Reflection Coefficient
145(1)
4.6 Pattern Propagation Factor
146(6)
4.6.1 Flat Earth
148(2)
4.6.2 Spherical Earth
150(2)
4.7 Diffraction
152(7)
Chapter 5 Radar Electronic Warfare Techniques
159(24)
5.1 Electronic Warfare Classes
159(1)
5.2 Passive Jamming Techniques
160(1)
5.3 Radar Equation with Jamming
161(8)
5.3.1 Self-Protection Jamming Radar Equation
164(1)
Burn-Through Range
164(3)
5.3.2 Support Jamming Radar Equation
167(1)
5.3.3 Range Reduction Factor
168(1)
5.4 Noise (Denial) Jamming Techniques
169(1)
5.4.1 Barrage Noise Jamming
169(1)
5.4.2 Spot Noise and Sweep Spot Noise Jamming
170(1)
5.5 Deceptive Jamming
170(3)
5.6 Electronic Counter-Counter Measure Techniques
173(1)
5.6.1 Receiver Protection Techniques
173(1)
5.6.2 Jamming Avoidance and Exploitation Techniques
173(1)
5.7 Case Studies
174(9)
5.7.1 Hypothetical Victim-Radar Parameters
174(1)
5.7.2 Self-Screening Jamming Case
175(5)
5.7.3 Support Jamming Case
180(3)
Chapter 6 Matched Filter Receiver
183(46)
6.1 Matched Filtering
183(5)
6.1.1 Matched Filter Impulse Response
187(1)
6.1.2 The Replica
187(1)
6.1.3 Mean and Variance of the Matched Filter output
188(1)
6.2 General Formula for the Output of the Matched Filter
188(3)
6.2.1 Stationary Target Case
189(1)
6.2.2 Moving Target case
190(1)
6.3 Waveform resolution
191(4)
6.3.1 Range Resolution
191(2)
6.3.2 Doppler Resolution
193(1)
6.3.3 Combined Range and Doppler Resolution
194(1)
6.4 Range and Doppler Uncertainty
195(3)
6.4.1 Range Uncertainty
195(3)
6.4.2 Doppler (Velocity) Uncertainty
198(1)
6.5 Combined Range-Doppler Uncertainty
198(4)
6.6 Target Parameter Estimation
202(2)
6.6.1 What is an Estimator
202(1)
6.6.2 Amplitude Estimation
203(1)
6.6.3 Phase Estimation
203(1)
6.7 Pulse Compression
204(25)
6.7.1 Time-Bandwidth Product
204(1)
6.7.2 Radar Equation with Pulse Compression
205(1)
6.7.3 Basic Principle of Pulse Compression
205(3)
6.7.4 Correlation Processor
208(4)
6.7.5 Stretch Processor
212(5)
6.7.6 Stepped Frequency Waveforms
217(2)
Range Resolution and Range Ambiguity in SFW
219(3)
6.7.7 Effect of Target Velocity on Pulse Compression
222(1)
SFW Case
222(2)
LFM Case
224(2)
Range-Doppler Coupling in LFM
226(3)
Chapter 7 Radar Ambiguity Function
229(50)
7.1 Ambiguity Function Definition
229(2)
7.2 Effective Signal Bandwidth and Duration
231(1)
7.3 Single Pulse Ambiguity Function
232(4)
7.3.1 Time-Bandwidth Product
233(1)
7.3.2 Ambiguity Function
233(3)
7.4 LFM Ambiguity Function
236(3)
7.4.1 Time-Bandwidth Product
236(1)
7.4.2 Ambiguity Function
236(3)
7.5 Coherent Pulse Train Ambiguity Function
239(5)
7.5.1 Time-Bandwidth Product
239(1)
7.5.2 Ambiguity Function
240(4)
7.6 Pulse train with LFM Ambiguity Function
244(2)
7.7 Stepped Frequency Waveform Ambiguity Function
246(1)
7.8 Nonlinear Frequency Modulation
247(6)
7.8.1 Concept of Stationary Phase
248(4)
7.8.2 Frequency Modulated Waveform Spectrum Shaping
252(1)
7.9 Ambiguity Diagram Contours
253(2)
7.9.1 Range-Doppler Coupling in LFM Signals - Revisited
254(1)
7.10 Discrete Code Signal Representation
255(6)
7.10.1 Pulse-Train Codes
256(5)
7.11 Phase Coding
261(16)
7.11.1 Binary Phase Codes
261(1)
Barker Code
261(7)
Pseudo-Random Number Codes
268(1)
Linear Shift Register Generator
268(2)
Maximal Length Sequence Characteristic Polynomial
270(4)
7.1.1.2 Polyphase Codes
274(1)
Frank Codes
274(3)
7.12 Frequency Codes
277(2)
Chapter 8 Target Detection
279(1)
Part I Single Pulse Detection
8.1 Single Pulse with Known Parameters
279(3)
8.2 Single Pulse with Known Amplitude and Unknown Phase
282(7)
8.2.1 Probability of False Alarm
285(1)
8.2.2 Probability of Detection
286(3)
Part II Detection of Fluctuating Targets
8.3 Pulse Integration
289(8)
8.3.1 Coherent Integration
290(1)
8.3.2 Noncoherent Integration
291(1)
8.3.3 Improvement Factor and Integration Loss
291(2)
8.3.4 Probability of False Alarm Formulation for a Square Law Detector
293(2)
8.3.5 Square Law Detection
295(2)
8.4 Probability of Detection Calculation
297(6)
8.4.1 Detection of Swerling 0 (Swerling V) Targets
297(1)
8.4.2 Detection of Swerling I Targets
297(2)
8.4.3 Detection of Swerling II Targets
299(1)
8.4.4 Detection of Swerling III Targets
299(2)
8.4.5 Detection of Swerling IV Targets
301(2)
8.5 Cumulative Probability of Detection
303(2)
8.6 Constant False Alarm Rate
305(4)
8.6.1 Cell-Averaging CFAR (Single Pulse)
305(2)
8.6.2 Cell-Averaging CFAR with Noncoherent Integration
307(2)
8.7 M-out-of-N Detection
309(1)
8.8 Radar Equation Revisited
310(1)
8.9 Gamma Function
311(4)
8.9.1 Incomplete Gamma Function
312(3)
Chapter 9 Radar Signal Processing in Clutter
315(50)
9.1 Introduction
315(1)
9.2 Clutter Definition
315(1)
9.3 Volume Clutter
316(4)
Volume Cell
316(1)
Rain
317(1)
Chaff
317(1)
9.3.1 Radar Range Equation in Volume Clutter
318(1)
9.3.2 Volume Clutter Spectra
318(2)
9.4 Area Clutter
320(3)
9.4.1 Constant γ Model
320(1)
9.4.2 Signal to Clutter, Airborne Radar
321(2)
9.5 Clutter RCS, Ground-Based
323(3)
9.5.1 LowPRF Case
323(3)
9.5.2 High PRF Case
326(1)
9.6 Amplitude Distribution
326(2)
9.7 Area Clutter Spectrum
328(2)
9.8 Doppler Processing
330(2)
9.8.1 Range and Doppler Processing
330(1)
9.8.2 Range and Doppler Ambiguity
331(1)
9.8.3 Generalized Spectrum for Ground and Airborne Systems
332(1)
9.9 Moving Target Indicator
332(14)
9.9.1 Two Pulse Canceler
332(4)
9.9.2 Three Pulse Canceler
336(1)
9.9.3 The N+1 Pulse Canceler
337(1)
9.9.4 Recursive MTI Filter
338(1)
9.9.5 Blind Speeds and PRF Staggering
339(4)
9.9.6 MTI Figures of Merit
343(3)
9.10 Pulse Doppler Processing
346(7)
9.10.1 Discrete Time Fourier Transform
346(1)
9.10.2 Discrete Fourier Transform
347(4)
9.10.3 Windowing
351(2)
9.11 Ambiguity Resolution
353(7)
9.11.1 Range Ambiguity Resolution
354(3)
9.11.2 Doppler Ambiguity Resolution
357(1)
9.11.3 Pulse Pair Processing
357(3)
9.12 Limitations of Doppler Processing
360(5)
Appendix 9-A Fill Pulses in Pulse Doppler Radars
365(290)
9-A.1 Range and Doppler Ambiguities
365(1)
9-A.2 Overview of Fill Pulses
365(4)
9-A.3 Pulse Doppler Waveform with Fill Pulses
369(3)
9-A.4 Recovery of Fill Pulses
372(2)
9-A.5 Doppler Filtering Fill Pulses
374(3)
9-A.6 Caveats and Extension
377(2)
Chapter 10 Radar Tracking
379(62)
10.1 Introduction
379(1)
10.2 Basic Concepts
380(3)
10.2.1 Tracking Architecture
380(1)
10.2.2 State Space Representation
380(3)
10.3 Measurements
383(10)
10.3.1 Angle Measurements
383(1)
Sequential Lobing
383(1)
Amplitude Comparison Monopulse
384(3)
Phase Comparison Monopulse
387(1)
Range Tracking and Measurements
388(2)
Measurement Accuracy
390(3)
10.4 Filtering
393(15)
10.4.1 Least Squares
393(3)
10.4.2 Recursive Least Squares
396(2)
10.4.3 Kalman Filter
398(8)
10.4.4 Extended Kalman Filter
406(2)
10.5 Derivation of Recursive Least Squares
408(2)
10.6 Data Association
410(12)
10.6.1 Gating
411(1)
Global Nearest Neighbor
412(4)
Joint Probabilistic Data Association
416(2)
Multiple Hypothesis Tracker
418(4)
10.7 Tracking Maneuvering Targets
422(19)
10.7.1 Field Parameter Filters
423(3)
10.7.2 Dynamic Parameter Filters
426(3)
10.7.3 Multiple Model Filters
429(12)
Chapter 11 Canonical and Finite Difference Time Domain Methods for RCS Computations
441(54)
11.1 Radar Cross-Section Definition
441(1)
11.2 RCS Dependency on Aspect Angle and Frequency
442(3)
11.3 Target Scattering Matrix
445(1)
11.4 Scattering off Basic Canonical Objects
446(25)
11.4.1 Cylinder
447(6)
11.4.2 Dielectric-Capped wedge
453(4)
Far Scattered Field
457(1)
Plane Wave Excitation
458(1)
Special Cases
459(1)
Sample Numerical Results
460(8)
11.4.3 Spheres
468(2)
11.4.4 Ellipsoids
470(1)
11.5 RCS Approximations of Simple Objects
471(8)
11.5.1 Finite Length Cylinder
471(1)
11.5.2 Circular Flat Plate
472(2)
11.5.3 Rectangular Flat Plate
474(1)
11.5.4 Triangular Flat Plate
475(2)
11.5.5 Truncated Cone (Frustum)
477(2)
11.6 RCS Using Computational Electromagnetics
479(7)
11.6.1 The Standard Finite Difference Time Domain Method
479(7)
11.7 RCS Using the FDTD Method
486(9)
11.7.1 RCS of a Sphere
486(2)
11.7.2 RCS of Complex Objects
488(7)
Chapter 12 Integral and Physical Optics Methods for RCS Computation
495(34)
12.1 Introduction
495(1)
12.2 Radiation and Scattering
495(6)
12.2.1 Maxwell's Equations
495(1)
12.2.2 Boundary Conditions
496(1)
12.2.3 Formulations for Radiation
496(1)
12.2.4 Near and Far Fields
497(1)
Three-Dimensional Far Field
497(2)
12.2.5 Formulations for Scattering
499(1)
Surface Equivalent
499(1)
Surface Integral Equations
500(1)
12.3 Numerical Methods
501(12)
12.3.1 Method of Moments
502(1)
MoM for 3-D Surfaces of Arbitrary Shape
503(2)
Fast Multipole Method
505(1)
Adaptive Cross Approximation
506(1)
12.3.2 Physical Optics
507(1)
12.3.3 Physical Theory of Diffraction
508(1)
12.3.4 Shooting and Bouncing Rays
509(1)
12.3.5 Scattering Centers
510(1)
Scattering Center Definition
510(1)
Extraction
511(1)
Scattering Center Models
512(1)
12.4 RCS Data Products
513(1)
12.5 Scattering Coordinate System
513(6)
12.5.1 Target Geometry Coordinate System
513(1)
12.5.2 Spherical Coordinates
513(1)
Sampling on the Sphere
514(1)
Vertical and Horizontal Polarizations
514(2)
12.5.3 Aspect and Roll Coordinates
516(1)
12.5.4 Measurement Coordinate System
517(2)
12.6 Examples
519(10)
12.6.1 Bodies of Revolution
519(1)
Frustum
519(1)
Cone-Sphere
520(1)
Monoconic Reentry Vehicle
521(3)
12.6.2 Complex Three-Dimensional Objects
524(1)
Trihedral Corner Reflector
524(2)
Business Jet
526(3)
Chapter 13 Antennas for Radar Applications
529(42)
13.1 Antenna Types
529(1)
13.2 Antenna Basic Parameters
529(6)
13.2.1 Radiation Pattern
531(1)
Half-Power Beamwidth
531(1)
Beam Solid Angle
531(1)
Sidelobe
532(1)
Forward / Backward Ratio
532(1)
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
532(1)
Antenna Bandwidth
532(1)
13.2.2 Antenna Radiated Power
533(1)
13.2.3 Radiation Intensity
533(1)
13.2.4 Directivity
534(1)
13.2.5 Antenna Gain
534(1)
13.2.6 Antenna Effective Aperture
534(1)
13.3 General Antenna Arrays
535(2)
13.4 Linear Arrays
537(5)
13.5 Array Tapering
542(5)
13.6 Planar Arrays
547(9)
13.6.1 Rectangular Grid Arrays
547(2)
13.6.2 Circular Grid Arrays
549(3)
13.6.3 Concentric Grid Circular Arrays
552(2)
13.6.4 Recursive Circular 2-D Arrays
554(1)
13.6.5 Rectangular Grid with Circular Boundary Arrays
555(1)
13.7 Three-Dimensional Arrays
556(5)
13.7.1 Rectangular Parallelepiped 3-D Array
557(2)
13.7.2 Spherical 3-D Arrays
559(1)
13.7.3 Arbitrary Arrays
560(1)
13.8 Array Feeding and Beamforming Networks
561(10)
13.8.1 General Forms of Array Feeding Networks
561(2)
13.8.2 Wideband Operation of Feeding Networks
563(1)
13.8.3 Array Beamforming Networks
564(1)
13.8.4 Power-Divider Beamforming Networks
565(1)
13.8.5 Butler and Blass Matrix
566(1)
13.8.6 Rotman Lens
567(1)
13.8.7 Design Considerations for Beamforming Networks
567(2)
13.8.8 Feeding and Beamforming Networks for Two-Dimensional Arrays
569(2)
Chapter 14 Synthetic Aperture Radar
571(26)
14.1 Basic Strip-Map Synthetic Aperture Radar Concept
571(7)
14.1.1 Down Range Resolution
571(1)
14.1.2 Cross-Range Resolution
572(3)
14.1.3 Pulse Repetition Frequency Consideration
575(3)
14.2 SAR Image Formation
578(8)
14.2.1 Image Formation Processing Steps
578(1)
14.2.2 Motion Compensation
579(1)
14.2.3 Image Formation
579(3)
14.2.4 Auto-Focus Techniques
582(4)
14.3 Image Quality Considerations
586(2)
14.4 Spotlight SAR
588(4)
14.4.1 Motion through Resolution Cells
588(2)
14.4.2 Polar Format Algorithm
590(2)
14.4.3 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
592(1)
14.5 Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar
592(5)
Chapter 15 Wideband Radar Applications
597(28)
15.1 Introduction
597(1)
15.2 Band Versus Bandwidth
597(6)
15.2.1 Various Bandwidths
597(4)
15.2.2 Narrow Band, Medium Band and Wideband
601(2)
15.3 Wideband Radar Applications
603(22)
15.3.1 Foliage Penetrating Synthetic Array Radar
603(3)
15.3.2 Automotive Blind Spot Warning and Collision Avoidance
606(2)
15.3.3 Space Object Identification
608(2)
15.3.4 Ground Perimeter Surveillance
610(2)
15.3.5 Pavement Profiling and Inspection
612(3)
15.3.6 Wall-Penetrating Radar for Detecting People
615(3)
15.3.7 Noninvasive construction Scanning
618(1)
15.3.8 Industrial Robot Control
619(1)
15.3.9 Compact Radar Range
619(3)
15.3.10 Airport Security Imaging and Detection
622(1)
15.3.11 Application Conclusions
623(2)
Chapter 16 Modern Digital Array Antennas for Radar Applications
625(30)
16.1 Introduction
625(4)
16.2 Introduction to Digital Arrays
629(4)
16.3 Comparison of Array Antenna Architectures by Example
633(1)
16.4 Other Digital Array Advantages
634(2)
16.5 Extreme Data Rate Demands in Digital Arrays
636(5)
16.6 Digital Down-Conversion and Digital Up-Conversion
641(2)
16.7 Array Factor versus Huygens-Fresnel Principle
643(2)
16.8 Simultaneous Receive Beams
645(3)
16.9 Array Scanning Effects to Antenna Pattern
648(3)
16.10 Noise Figure and Third Order Intercept in AESA
651(1)
16.11 Concluding Remarks
652(3)
Bibliography 655(14)
Index 669
Bassem R. Mahafza, Scott C. Winton, Atef Z. Elsherbeni