| Contributors |
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xix | |
| Preface |
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xl | |
| Part 1: The Profession of Medicine |
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1 The Practice of Medicine |
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1 | (7) |
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8 | (5) |
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3 Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine |
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13 | (9) |
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4 Screening and Prevention of Disease |
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22 | (5) |
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5 Health Care Systems in Developed Countries |
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27 | (6) |
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6 The Safety and Quality of Health Care |
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33 | (4) |
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7 Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care |
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37 | (7) |
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8 Ethical Issues in Clinical Medicine |
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44 | (3) |
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9 Palliative and End-of-Life Care |
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47 | (18) |
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| Part 2: Cardinal Manifestations and Presentation of Diseases |
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10 Pain: Pathophysiology and Management |
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65 | (8) |
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73 | (8) |
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81 | (4) |
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85 | (4) |
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89 | (13) |
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Section 2: Alterations in Body Temperature |
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102 | (3) |
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105 | (9) |
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17 Fever of Unknown Origin |
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114 | (8) |
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Chantal P. Bleeker-Rovers |
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Section 3: Nervous System Dysfunction |
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122 | (7) |
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129 | (3) |
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132 | (3) |
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21 Neurologic Causes of Weakness and Paralysis |
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135 | (4) |
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22 Numbness, Tingling, and Sensory Loss |
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139 | (4) |
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23 Gait Disorders, Imbalance, and Falls |
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143 | (4) |
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24 Confusion and Delirium |
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147 | (5) |
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152 | (5) |
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26 Aphasia, Memory Loss, Hemispatial Neglect, Frontal Syndromes, and Other Cerebral Disorders |
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157 | (9) |
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166 | (11) |
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Section 4: Disorders of Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat |
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177 | (17) |
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29 Disorders of Smell and Taste |
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194 | (6) |
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200 | (8) |
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31 Sore Throat, Earache, and Upper Respiratory Symptoms |
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208 | (11) |
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32 Oral Manifestations of Disease |
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219 | (7) |
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Section 5: Alterations in Circulatory and Respiratory Functions |
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226 | (4) |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (3) |
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237 | (3) |
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38 Approach to the Patient with a Heart Murmur |
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240 | (9) |
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249 | (1) |
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Section 6: Alterations in Gastrointestinal Function |
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249 | (4) |
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41 Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion |
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253 | (6) |
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42 Diarrhea and Constipation |
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259 | (11) |
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43 Unintentional Weight Loss |
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270 | (2) |
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44 Gastrointestinal Bleeding |
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272 | (4) |
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276 | (5) |
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46 Abdominal Swelling and Ascites |
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281 | (4) |
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Section 7: Alterations in Renal and Urinary Tract Function |
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47 Dysuria, Bladder Pain, and the Interstitial Cystitis/ Bladder Pain Syndrome |
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285 | (3) |
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48 Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities |
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288 | (7) |
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49 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances |
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295 | (17) |
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50 Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia |
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312 | (3) |
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51 Acidosis and Alkalosis |
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315 | (9) |
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Section 8: Alterations in the Skin |
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52 Approach to the Patient with a Skin Disorder |
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324 | (5) |
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53 Eczema, Psoriasis, Cutaneous Infections, Acne, and Other Common Skin Disorders |
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329 | (10) |
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54 Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease |
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339 | (16) |
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55 Immunologically Mediated Skin Diseases |
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355 | (7) |
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56 Cutaneous Drug Reactions |
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362 | (10) |
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57 Photosensitivity and Other Reactions to Light |
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372 | (7) |
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Section 9: Hematologic Alterations |
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58 Interpreting Peripheral Blood Smears |
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379 | (6) |
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59 Anemia and Polycythemia |
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385 | (9) |
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60 Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes |
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394 | (10) |
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61 Bleeding and Thrombosis |
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404 | (7) |
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62 Enlargement of Lymph Nodes and Spleen |
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411 | (8) |
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| Part 3: Pharmacology |
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63 Principles of Clinical Pharmacology |
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419 | (10) |
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429 | (6) |
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| Part 4: Oncology and Hematology |
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Section 1: Neoplastic Disorders |
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65 Approach to the Patient with Cancer |
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435 | (8) |
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66 Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer |
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443 | (9) |
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452 | (9) |
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461 | (19) |
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69 Principles of Cancer Treatment |
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480 | (22) |
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70 Infections in Patients with Cancer |
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502 | (9) |
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511 | (11) |
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522 | (10) |
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532 | (5) |
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537 | (18) |
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555 | (11) |
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76 Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers |
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566 | (6) |
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77 Lower Gastrointestinal Cancers |
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572 | (6) |
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78 Tumors of the Liver and Biliary Tree |
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578 | (13) |
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591 | (5) |
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80 Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Pancreas |
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596 | (20) |
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616 | (3) |
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82 Cancer of the Bladder and Urinary Tract |
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619 | (4) |
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83 Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Prostate |
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623 | (9) |
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632 | (5) |
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85 Gynecologic Malignancies |
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637 | (6) |
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86 Primary and Metastatic Tumors of the Nervous System |
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643 | (10) |
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87 Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas and Bone Metastases |
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653 | (4) |
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88 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary |
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657 | (5) |
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89 Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Endocrinologic/Hematologic |
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662 | (6) |
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90 Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis |
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668 | (6) |
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91 Late Consequences of Cancer and Its Treatment |
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674 | (5) |
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Section 2: Hematopoietic Disorders |
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92 Hematopoietic Stem Cells |
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679 | (4) |
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93 Iron Deficiency and Other Hypoproliferative Anemias |
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683 | (7) |
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94 Disorders of Hemoglobin |
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690 | (8) |
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698 | (10) |
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708 | (15) |
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97 Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss |
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723 | (1) |
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98 Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes Including Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplasia |
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723 | (10) |
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99 Polycythemia Vera and Other Myeloproliferative Neoplasms |
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733 | (6) |
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100 Acute Myeloid Leukemia |
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739 | (9) |
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101 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia |
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748 | (9) |
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102 Acute Lymphoid Leukemia |
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757 | (6) |
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103 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
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763 | (6) |
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104 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
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769 | (11) |
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780 | (3) |
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106 Less Common Hematologic Malignancies |
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783 | (10) |
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107 Plasma Cell Disorders |
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793 | (10) |
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803 | (6) |
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109 Transfusion Biology and Therapy |
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809 | (7) |
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110 Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation |
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816 | (6) |
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Section 3: Disorders of Hemostasis |
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111 Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall |
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822 | (8) |
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112 Coagulation Disorders |
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830 | (9) |
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113 Arterial and Venous Thrombosis |
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839 | (4) |
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114 Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Fibrinolytic Drugs |
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843 | (16) |
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| Part 5: Infectious Diseases |
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Section 1: Basic Considerations in Infectious Diseases |
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115 Approach to the Patient with an Infectious Disease |
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859 | (7) |
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116 Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis |
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866 | (11) |
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117 Approach to the Acutely Ill Infected Febrile Patient |
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877 | (7) |
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118 Immunization Principles and Vaccine Use |
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884 | (8) |
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119 Health Recommendations for International Travel |
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892 | (8) |
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120 Climate Change and Infectious Disease |
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900 | (8) |
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Section 2: Clinical Syndromes: Community-Acquired Infections |
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908 | (11) |
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919 | (2) |
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123 Infective Endocarditis |
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921 | (12) |
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124 Infections of the Skin, Muscles, and Soft Tissues |
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933 | (6) |
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939 | (5) |
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944 | (8) |
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127 Intraabdominal Infections and Abscesses |
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952 | (7) |
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128 Acute Infectious Diarrheal Diseases and Bacterial Food Poisoning |
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959 | (5) |
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129 Clostridium difficile Infection, Including Pseudomembranous Colitis |
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964 | (4) |
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130 Urinary Tract Infections, Pyelonephritis, and Prostatitis |
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968 | (8) |
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131 Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach |
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976 | (15) |
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991 | (7) |
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998 | (9) |
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134 Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis |
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1007 | (6) |
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135 Brain Abscess and Empyema |
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1013 | (6) |
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136 Infectious Complications of Bites |
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1019 | (3) |
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Section 3: Clinical Syndromes: Health Care-Associated Infections |
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137 Infections Acquired in Health Care Facilities |
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1022 | (8) |
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138 Infections in Transplant Recipients |
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1030 | (12) |
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Section 4: Therapy for Bacterial Diseases |
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139 Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections |
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1042 | (15) |
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140 Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents |
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1057 | (5) |
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Section 5: Diseases Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria |
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141 Pneumococcal Infections |
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1062 | (9) |
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142 Staphylococcal Infections |
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1071 | (10) |
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143 Streptococcal Infections |
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1081 | (8) |
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144 Enterococcal Infections |
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1089 | (6) |
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145 Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterial Infections |
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1095 | (5) |
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146 Listeria monocytogenes Infections |
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1100 | (2) |
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1102 | (3) |
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1105 | (4) |
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149 Gas Gangrene and Other Clostridial Infections |
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1109 | (5) |
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Section 6: Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria |
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150 Meningococcal Infections |
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1114 | (8) |
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151 Gonococcal Infections |
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1122 | (7) |
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152 Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections |
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1129 | (5) |
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153 Infections Due to the HACEK Group and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacteria |
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1134 | (3) |
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154 Legionella Infections |
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1137 | (5) |
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155 Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections |
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1142 | (4) |
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156 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacilli |
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1146 | (12) |
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157 Acinetobacter Infections |
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1158 | (4) |
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158 Helicobacter pylori Infections |
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1162 | (5) |
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159 Infections Due to Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas Species |
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1167 | (6) |
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1173 | (7) |
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1180 | (4) |
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162 Infections Due to Campylobacter and Related Organisms |
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1184 | (2) |
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163 Cholera and Other Vibrioses |
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1186 | (6) |
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1192 | (4) |
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1196 | (4) |
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166 Plague and Other Yersinia Infections |
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1200 | (9) |
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167 Bartonella Infections, Including Cat-Scratch Disease |
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1209 | (5) |
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1214 | (1) |
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Section 7: Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections |
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1215 | (5) |
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1220 | (3) |
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1223 | (4) |
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172 Infections Due to Mixed Anaerobic Organisms |
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1227 | (9) |
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Section 8: Mycobacterial Diseases |
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1236 | (23) |
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1259 | (7) |
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175 Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections |
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1266 | (4) |
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176 Antimycobacterial Agents |
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1270 | (9) |
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Section 9: Spirochetal Diseases |
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1279 | (7) |
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178 Endemic Treponematoses |
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1286 | (4) |
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1290 | (5) |
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1295 | (3) |
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1298 | (5) |
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Section 10: Diseases Caused by Rickettsiae, Mycoplasmas, and Chlamydiae |
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1303 | (10) |
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183 Infections Due to Mycoplasmas |
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1313 | (3) |
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184 Chlamydial Infections |
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1316 | (9) |
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Section 11: Viral Diseases: General Considerations |
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1325 | (9) |
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186 Antiviral Chemotherapy, Excluding Antiretroviral Drugs |
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1334 | (11) |
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Section 12:Infections Due to DNA Viruses |
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187 Herpes Simplex Virus Infections |
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1345 | (9) |
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188 Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections |
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1354 | (4) |
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189 Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Including Infectious Mononucleosis |
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1358 | (3) |
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190 Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus Types 6, 7, and 8 |
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1361 | (5) |
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191 Molluscum Contagiosum, Monkeypox, and Other Poxvirus Infections |
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1366 | (1) |
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192 Parvovirus Infections |
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1367 | (3) |
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193 Human Papillomavirus Infections |
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1370 | (5) |
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Section 13: Infections Due to DNA and RNA Respiratory Viruses |
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194 Common Viral Respiratory Infections |
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1375 | (7) |
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1382 | (6) |
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Section 14: Infections Due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Other Human Retroviruses |
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196 The Human Retroviruses |
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1388 | (5) |
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197 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and Related Disorders |
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1393 | (70) |
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Section 15: Infections Due to RNA Viruses |
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198 Viral Gastroenteritis |
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1463 | (5) |
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199 Enterovirus, Parechovirus, and Reovirus Infections |
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1468 | (6) |
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1474 | (4) |
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201 Rubella (German Measles) |
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1478 | (3) |
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1481 | (3) |
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203 Rabies and Other Rhabdovirus Infections |
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1484 | (5) |
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204 Arthropod-Borne and Rodent-Borne Virus Infections |
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1489 | (20) |
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205 Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Infections |
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1509 | (6) |
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Section 16: Fungal Infections |
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206 Diagnosis and Treatment of Fungal Infections |
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1515 | (3) |
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1518 | (3) |
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1521 | (3) |
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1524 | (2) |
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1526 | (3) |
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1529 | (3) |
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1532 | (5) |
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1537 | (4) |
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214 Superficial Mycoses and Less Common Systemic Mycoses |
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1541 | (6) |
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215 Pneumocystis Infections |
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1547 | (4) |
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Section 12: Protozoal and Helminthic Infections: General Considerations |
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216 Introduction to Parasitic Infections |
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1551 | (5) |
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217 Agents Used to Treat Parasitic Infections |
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1556 | (12) |
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Section 18: Protozoal Infections |
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218 Amebiasis and Infection with Free-Living Amebae |
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1568 | (7) |
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1575 | (15) |
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1590 | (4) |
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1594 | (7) |
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222 Chagas Disease and African Trypanosomiasis |
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1601 | (8) |
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223 Toxoplasma Infections |
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1609 | (6) |
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224 Protozoal Intestinal Infections and Trichomoniasis |
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1615 | (5) |
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Section 19: Helminthic Infections |
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225 Introduction to Helminthic Infections |
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1620 | (1) |
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226 Trichinellosis and Other Tissue Nematode Infections |
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1621 | (4) |
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227 Intestinal Nematode Infections |
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1625 | (4) |
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228 Filarial and Related Infections |
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1629 | (6) |
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229 Schistosomiasis and Other Trematode Infections |
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1635 | (6) |
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Birgitte Jyding Vennervald |
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1641 | (8) |
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| Part 6: Disorders of the Cardiovascular System |
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Section 1: Introduction to Cardiovascular Disorders |
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231 Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular Disease |
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1649 | (2) |
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232 Basic Biology of the Cardiovascular System |
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1651 | (11) |
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233 Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease |
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1662 | (4) |
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Section 2: Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disorders |
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234 Physical Examination of the Cardiovascular System |
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1666 | (9) |
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1675 | (8) |
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236 Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging: Echocardiography, Nuclear Cardiology, and Magnetic Resonance/Computed Tomography Imaging |
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1683 | (26) |
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237 Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography |
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1709 | (7) |
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Section 3: Disorders of Rhythm |
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238 Principles of Electrophysiology |
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1716 | (6) |
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239 The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Sinoatrial Node |
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1722 | (5) |
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240 The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Atrioventricular Node |
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1727 | (6) |
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David D. Spragg, Gordon F. Tomaselli |
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241 Approach to Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias |
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1733 | (2) |
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242 Physiologic and Nonphysiologic Sinus Tachycardia |
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1735 | (1) |
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243 Focal Atrial Tachycardia |
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1736 | (3) |
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244 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardias |
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1739 | (4) |
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245 Common Atrial Flutter, Macroreentrant, and Multifocal Atrial Tachycardias |
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1743 | (3) |
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1746 | (4) |
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247 Approach to Ventricular Arrhythmias |
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1750 | (5) |
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248 Premature Ventricular Beats, Non-Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia, and Idioventricular Rhythm |
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1755 | (2) |
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249 Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia |
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1757 | (2) |
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250 Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation |
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1759 | (3) |
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251 Electrical Storm and Incessant VT |
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1762 | (1) |
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Section 4: Disorders of the Heart |
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252 Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis |
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1763 | (6) |
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253 Heart Failure: Management |
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1769 | (10) |
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254 Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis |
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1779 | (18) |
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255 Cardiac Transplantation and Prolonged Assisted Circulation |
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1797 | (5) |
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1802 | (7) |
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1809 | (4) |
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1813 | (5) |
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1818 | (3) |
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260 Mitral Valve Prolapse |
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1821 | (2) |
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261 Tricuspid Valve Disease |
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1823 | (3) |
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262 Pulmonic Valve Disease |
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1826 | (1) |
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263 Multiple and Mixed Valvular Heart Disease |
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1827 | (2) |
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264 Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult |
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1829 | (12) |
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1841 | (6) |
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266 Atrial Myxoma and Other Cardiac Tumors |
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1847 | (3) |
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Section 5: Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease |
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267 Ischemic Heart Disease |
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1850 | (16) |
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268 Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Unstable Angina) |
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1866 | |
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