Dialyzers today are developed with high permeability and biocompatibility in mind, even though the definition of these so-called high-flux dialyzers remains controversial. In the Japanese reimbursement system, dialyzers are divided into five types, ranging from I to V, in accordance with their clearance for beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG). Classes IV and V (beta2-MG clearance greater or equal to 50 and 70 ml/min, respectively, at a blood flow rate of 200 ml/min) are the most common ones, used in more than 90% of Japanese dialysis patients. Membranes used in types IV and V dialyzers are called high-performance membranes (HPMs) and are characterized by an exceptionally high flux rate, permeability and biocompatibility. The book at hand covers all aspects of these HPM dialyzers, including their definitions and characteristics, clinical experiences and basic investigations. Moreover, historical HPMs and several membranes with special characteristics that are not categorized into classes IV or V are discussed. Providing a summary of commercially available HPM dialyzers, this publication not only serves as a textbook for those interested in state-of the-art dialysis treatment, but is also a concise database of the products available.
Preface: Saito, A.; Foreword: Kawanishi, H.; Definitions of
High-Performance Membranes (HPM); Definition of High-Performance Membranes -
From the Clinical Point of View: Saito, A.; Solute Removal Efficiency and
Biocompatibility of the High-Performance Membrane - From Engineering Points
of View: Sakai, K.; Matsuda, M.; Clinical Benefits of High-Performance
Membrane Dialyzers; Biocompatible Characteristics of High-Performance
Membranes: Uda, S.; Mizobuchi, M.; Akizawa, T.; Selection Guidelines for
High-Performance Membrane: Sanaka, T.; Koremoto, M.; Preferred Performance of
the High-Performance Membrane in the Case of Online Hemodiafiltration:
Kawanishi, H.; Preferred Dialysis Fluid for the High-Performance Membrane:
Tomo, T.; Required Water Quality for the Use of High-Performance Membranes:
Aoike, I.; Clinical Outcomes of the High-Performance Membrane Dialyzer: Koda,
Y.; Endotoxin and Bacterial Level of Dialysate Fluid Quality: Isakozawa, Y.;
Takesawa, S.; David, V.; Albumin Loss Under the Use of the High-Performance
Membrane: Tsuchida, K.; Minakuchi, J.; Choice of Modality with the Use of
High-Performance Membrane and Evaluation for Clinical Effects: Masakane, I.;
Mass Transfer Mechanisms and Characteristics of High-Performance Membranes;
Mass Transfer Mechanisms in High-Performance Membrane Dialyzers: Yamashita,
A.C.; Fluid and Solute Transfer Characteristics in a Dialyzer with a
High-Performance Membrane: Mineshima, M.; Contribution of Polysulfone
Membranes to the Success of Convective Dialysis Therapies: Bowry, S.K.;
Gatti, E.; Vienken, J.; AN69: Evolution of the World's First High
Permeability Membrane: Thomas, M.; Moriyama, K.; Ledebo, I.; Polyethersulfone
as a High-Performance Membrane: Krieter, D.H.; Lemke, H.-D.;
Polymethylmethacrylate Membrane with a Series of Serendipity: Sakai, Y.;
Polyester Polymer Alloy as a High-Performance Membrane: Igoshi, T.; Tomisawa,
N.; Hori, Y.; Jinbo, Y.; Cellulose Triacetate as a High-Performance Membrane:
Sunohara, T.; Masuda, T.; Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Co-Polymer as a
High-Performance Membrane: An EVOH Membrane with Excellent Biocompatibility:
Nakano, A.; High-Performance Membrane Dialyzers in Critical Care; Sustained
High-Efficiency Daily Diafiltration Using a Mediator-Adsorbing Membrane
(SHEDD-fA) in the Treatment of Patients with Severe Sepsis: Nishida, O.;
Nakamura, T.; Kuriyama, N.; Hara, Y.; Yumoto, M.; Shimomura, Y.; Moriyama,
K.; Comparison of Efficacy between Continuous Hemodiafiltration with a PMMA
High-Performance Membrane Dialyzer and a PAN Membrane Hemofilter in the
Treatment of Septic Shock Patients with Acute Renal Failure: Matsuda, K.;
Moriguchi, T.; Harii, N.; Yanagisawa, M.; Harada, D.; Sugawara, H.;
Commercially Available High-Performance Membrane Dialyzers and Several
Special Kinds on the Japanese Market (as of April 30, 2011): Yamashita, A.C.
