Foreword |
|
xi | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xiii | |
|
|
1 | (10) |
|
1.1 Reliance on Electronics |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
1.2 HPEM Environment Overview |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
1.3 HPEM Effects Overview |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
1.4 A Brief History of EM Interference and Effects |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
1.5 A Systems-of-Systems Hierarchy |
|
|
5 | (4) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
|
11 | (52) |
|
|
11 | (4) |
|
|
15 | (5) |
|
|
15 | (3) |
|
2.2.2 Lightning-Radiated Environment |
|
|
18 | (2) |
|
|
20 | (11) |
|
2.3.1 HEMP-Radiated Environment |
|
|
22 | (6) |
|
2.3.2 HEMP-Conducted Environment |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
2.3.3 Open-Source Accounts of HEMP Disturbances |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
2.3.4 HEMP Environment Summary |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
2.4 High-Power RF Directed Energy Environments |
|
|
31 | (4) |
|
2.4.1 The Status of HPRF DE Systems Today |
|
|
32 | (3) |
|
2.5 Intentional EM Interference Environments |
|
|
35 | (10) |
|
2.5.1 IEMI Technical Capability Groups |
|
|
37 | (3) |
|
2.5.2 IEMI Environment Summary |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
2.5.3 Open-Source Accounts of HPRF DE and IEMI Action |
|
|
41 | (4) |
|
2.6 Classification of HPRF DE and IEMI Environments |
|
|
45 | (9) |
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
|
48 | (3) |
|
|
51 | (3) |
|
|
54 | (9) |
|
|
54 | (9) |
|
3 HPEM Coupling and Interaction |
|
|
63 | (28) |
|
3.1 EM Interaction Coupling Model |
|
|
63 | (4) |
|
|
67 | (3) |
|
|
70 | (16) |
|
3.3.1 Antenna Transfer Function |
|
|
70 | (3) |
|
3.3.2 Free-Space Wave Propagation |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
3.3.3 Coupling/Radiation Efficiency |
|
|
73 | (3) |
|
3.3.4 Diffusion Penetration |
|
|
76 | (4) |
|
3.3.5 Aperture Penetration |
|
|
80 | (2) |
|
3.3.6 Conducted Propagation |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
3.3.7 Galvanic, Capacitive, and Magnetic Coupling |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
3.3.8 Capacitive Coupling |
|
|
83 | (2) |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
3.4 Field Variation Inside System Enclosure |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
86 | (5) |
|
3.5.1 Devices, Equipment, Systems, Networks, and Infrastructure |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
3.5.2 Coupling as a Function of HPEM Environment Type |
|
|
87 | (2) |
|
|
89 | (2) |
|
4 Overview of HPEM Test Facilities and Techniques |
|
|
91 | (54) |
|
|
91 | (7) |
|
4.1.1 General Considerations for the Scenario |
|
|
92 | (3) |
|
4.1.2 General Considerations for HPEM Environment Simulation |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
4.1.3 General Considerations of the SUT |
|
|
96 | (2) |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
4.2 Uncertainty in Effects Testing |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
4.3 HPEM Effects Test Methods and Facilities |
|
|
99 | (32) |
|
4.3.1 HPEM-Radiated Testing |
|
|
100 | (3) |
|
4.3.2 HPEM-Radiated Test Facilities and HPEM Environment Simulation |
|
|
103 | (17) |
|
4.3.3 Measuring the Radiated HPEM Environment |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
4.3.4 The Measurement Chain |
|
|
121 | (3) |
|
4.3.5 HPEM Conducted Testing |
|
|
124 | (7) |
|
4.3.6 Measuring the Conducted HPEM Environment |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
4.4 Exercising and Observing the SUT |
|
|
131 | (2) |
|
4.5 Effects Data Presentation |
|
|
133 | (4) |
|
4.6 Other Practical Considerations for HPEM Effects Testing |
|
|
137 | (2) |
|
|
139 | (6) |
|
|
139 | (6) |
|
5 HPEM Effects Mechanisms |
|
|
145 | (64) |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
|
146 | (2) |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
5.3 Device and Circuit-Level Effects |
|
|
148 | (10) |
|
|
148 | (2) |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
5.3.3 Interference or Jamming |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
5.3.5 Shift in Operating Point |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
5.3.9 Damage and Destruction |
|
|
154 | (3) |
|
5.3.10 Published Device and Circuit-Level Effects Data |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
5.4 Equipment, System, and Network-Level Effects |
|
|
158 | (11) |
|
5.4.1 Summary of Equipment, System, and Network-Level Effects |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
5.5 HPEM Signal Indicators |
|
|
169 | (19) |
|
5.5.1 Transient or Time-Domain Signal Indicators |
|
|
170 | (5) |
|
5.5.2 Frequency-Domain Signal Indicators |
|
|
175 | (3) |
|
|
178 | (3) |
|
5.5.4 Use of Response Indicators |
|
|
181 | (7) |
|
5.6 Impact of Signal Indicators on HPEM Effect Mechanisms |
|
|
188 | (14) |
|
5.6.1 Effects of Pulse Repetition: Charging and Heating |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
5.6.2 Effects of Pulse Repetition: Thermal Damage |
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
5.6.3 Effects of Pulse Repetition: Probability of Intercept |
|
|
191 | (2) |
|
5.6.4 Effects of Spectral Density |
|
|
193 | (9) |
|
|
202 | (7) |
|
|
203 | (6) |
|
6 Classification and Implications of HPEM Effects |
|
|
209 | (10) |
|
|
209 | (2) |
|
6.2 Classification of EM Effects |
|
|
211 | (5) |
|
6.2.1 Effect Classification by Mechanism |
|
|
211 | (2) |
|
6.2.2 Effect Classification by Duration |
|
|
213 | (2) |
|
6.2.3 Effect Classification by Criticality |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
216 | (3) |
|
|
217 | (2) |
|
7 HPEM Protection Concepts and Methods |
|
|
219 | (68) |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
7.2 Shielding Topology Protection Concept |
|
|
220 | (13) |
|
7.2.1 Shielding Topology Modeling |
|
|
221 | (3) |
|
7.2.2 Shielding Mechanisms |
|
|
224 | (9) |
|
7.3 Conducted Protection Via Nonlinear Elements |
|
|
233 | (31) |
|
7.3.1 Protection Using the Amplitude Reduction Approach |
|
|
235 | (28) |
|
7.3.2 Summary of Analysis of Nonlinear Elements |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
7.4 HPEM Resilience and Detection |
|
|
264 | (15) |
|
7.4.1 A Risk-Based Approach |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
7.4.2 A Resilience Approach |
|
|
267 | (3) |
|
|
270 | (9) |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
7.5.1 HPEM Standards Organization |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
|
280 | (7) |
|
|
281 | (6) |
|
|
287 | (6) |
|
|
291 | (2) |
Glossary |
|
293 | (8) |
About the Authors |
|
301 | (4) |
Index |
|
305 | |