Preface to the Second Edition |
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v | |
Preface to the First Edition |
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vii | |
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Electric Arc Fundamentals |
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1 | (26) |
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1 | (1) |
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Basic Theory of Electrical Discharges |
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2 | (3) |
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Non-Self-Sustaining Discharges |
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2 | (2) |
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Self-Sustaining Discharges |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (4) |
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5 | (3) |
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Low-Pressure (Vacuum) Arcs |
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8 | (1) |
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The Alternating Current Arc |
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9 | (1) |
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The Current Interruption Process |
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10 | (8) |
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Interruption of Direct Current |
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11 | (2) |
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Interruption of Alternating Currents |
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13 | (5) |
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Review of Main Theories of AC Interruption |
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18 | (9) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (48) |
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27 | (1) |
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Characteristics of the Short Circuit Current |
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27 | (13) |
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Transient Direct Current Component |
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28 | (2) |
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The Volt--Time Area Concept |
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30 | (2) |
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Transient Alternating Current Components |
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32 | (2) |
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Asymmetry of Three-Phase Short Circuit Currents |
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34 | (2) |
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Measuring Asymmetrical Currents |
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36 | (4) |
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Calculation of Short Circuit Currents |
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40 | (10) |
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40 | (8) |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (5) |
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Introduction to Symmetrical Components |
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51 | (4) |
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Forces Produced by the Short Circuit Currents |
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55 | (20) |
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Direction of the Forces Between Current Carrying Conductors |
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56 | (7) |
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Calculation of Electrodynamic Forces Between Conductors |
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63 | (6) |
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Forces on Conductors Produced by Three-Phase Currents |
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69 | (3) |
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72 | (3) |
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Transient Recovery Voltage |
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75 | (32) |
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75 | (1) |
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Transient Recovery Voltage: General Concepts |
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76 | (7) |
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Basic Assumptions for TRV Calculations |
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78 | (1) |
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Current Injection Technique |
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78 | (1) |
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Traveling Waves and the Lattice Diagram |
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79 | (4) |
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Calculation of Transient Recovery Voltages |
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83 | (24) |
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Single Frequency Recovery Voltage |
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83 | (5) |
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Double Frequency Recovery Voltage: General Case |
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88 | (9) |
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Particular Case of Double Frequency Recovery Voltage |
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97 | (4) |
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Short-Line Fault Recovery Voltage |
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101 | (3) |
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Initial Transient Recovery Voltage |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (22) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (6) |
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109 | (3) |
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112 | (1) |
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Energizing Unloaded Transformers |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (15) |
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Interruption of Small Capacitive Currents |
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115 | (2) |
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Interruption of Inductive Load Currents |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (3) |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (3) |
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Types of Circuit Breakers |
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129 | (68) |
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129 | (1) |
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Circuit Breaker Classifications |
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130 | (4) |
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Circuit Breaker Types by Voltage Class |
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130 | (1) |
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Circuit Breaker Types by Installations |
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130 | (2) |
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Circuit Breaker Types by External Design |
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132 | (1) |
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Circuit Breaker Types by Interrupting Mediums |
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132 | (2) |
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Air Magnetic Circuit Breakers |
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134 | (7) |
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Arc Chute Type Circuit Breakers |
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135 | (6) |
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Air Magnetic Circuit Breaker Typical Applications |
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141 | (1) |
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Air Blast Circuit Breakers |
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141 | (8) |
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Blast Direction and Nozzle Types |
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142 | (3) |
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Series Connection of Interrupters |
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145 | (1) |
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Basic Interrupter Arrangements |
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146 | (1) |
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Parameters Influencing Air Blast Circuit Breaker Performance |
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146 | (3) |
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149 | (12) |
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Properties of Insulating Oil |
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150 | (1) |
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Current Interruption in Oil |
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150 | (2) |
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Types of Oil Circuit Breakers |
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152 | (4) |
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Bulk Oil Circuit Breakers |
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156 | (3) |
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Minimum Oil Circuit Breakers |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (22) |
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162 | (2) |
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Arc Decomposed By-Products |
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164 | (1) |
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SF6 Environmental Considerations |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (1) |
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Current Interruption in SF6 |
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168 | (2) |
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Two Pressure SF6 Circuit Breakers |
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170 | (2) |
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Single Pressure SF6 Circuit Breakers |
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172 | (4) |
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Pressure Increase of SF6 Produced by an Electric Arc |
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176 | (3) |
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Parameters Influencing SF6 Circuit Breaker Performance |
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179 | (3) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (14) |
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Current Interruption in Vacuum Circuit Breakers |
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184 | (6) |
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Vacuum Interrupter Construction |
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190 | (1) |
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Vacuum Interrupter Contact Materials |
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191 | (2) |
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Interrupting Capability of Vacuum Interrupters |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (4) |
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197 | (32) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (14) |
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198 | (2) |
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Insulating Film Coatings on Contacts |
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200 | (2) |
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202 | (1) |
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Temperature at the Point of Contact |
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202 | (1) |
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Short Time Heating of Copper |
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203 | (2) |
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Electromagnetic Forces on Contacts |
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205 | (5) |
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210 | (2) |
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Mechanical Operating Characteristics |
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212 | (5) |
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Circuit Breaker Opening Requirements |
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212 | (4) |
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Closing Speed Requirements |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (12) |
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218 | (1) |
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Weld Break and Contact Bounce |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (2) |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (3) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (2) |
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229 | (30) |
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229 | (1) |
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Fundamentals of Dielectric Theory |
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230 | (9) |
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230 | (9) |
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239 | (4) |
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Gaseous Insulation General Principles |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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Factors Influencing Dielectric Strength |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (3) |
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Simplified Design Approach |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (11) |
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Solid Insulation: Basic Concepts |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (3) |
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Solid Insulation Design Guidelines |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (2) |
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A Comparison of High Voltage Circuit Breaker Standards |
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259 | (36) |
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259 | (1) |
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Recognized Standards Organizations |
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260 | (6) |
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260 | (4) |
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) |
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264 | (2) |
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Circuit Breaker Standards and Ratings Comparisons |
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266 | (1) |
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Normal Operating Conditions |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (15) |
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Maximum Operating Voltage |
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267 | (2) |
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Rated Voltage Range Factor K |
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269 | (1) |
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Rated Dielectric Strength |
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269 | (7) |
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Rated Transient Recovery Voltage |
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276 | (6) |
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Current Related Ratings and Requirements |
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282 | (8) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (3) |
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Rated Short Circuit Current |
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285 | (5) |
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Additional Switching Duties |
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290 | (2) |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (3) |
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Mechanical Operating Life |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (34) |
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295 | (2) |
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297 | (14) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (5) |
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Test Measurements and Procedures |
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311 | (18) |
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Measured Parameters and Test Set-Up |
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312 | (2) |
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314 | (13) |
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327 | (2) |
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Circuit Breaker Applications |
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329 | (52) |
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329 | (1) |
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Overload Currents and Temperature Rise |
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330 | (5) |
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Effects of Solar Radiation |
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331 | (1) |
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Continuous Overload Capability |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (2) |
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Maximum Continuous Current at High Altitude Applications |
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335 | (1) |
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Interruption of Current from High X/R Circuits |
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335 | (10) |
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Generator Circuit Breaker Applications |
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345 | (8) |
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Short Circuit Current Ratings |
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345 | (6) |
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Generator Asymmetrical Short Circuit Current Calculation |
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351 | (1) |
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Transient Recovery Voltage |
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352 | (1) |
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Application Frequencies Other Than 50 or 60 Hertz |
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353 | (1) |
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Capacitance Switching Applications |
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354 | (14) |
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356 | (2) |
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358 | (1) |
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358 | (2) |
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Isolated Shunt Capacitor Bank |
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360 | (3) |
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Back-to-Back Capacitor Banks |
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363 | (1) |
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General Application Guidelines |
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363 | |
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Circuit Breaker Characteristics |
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357 | (11) |
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Reactor Current Switching, High TRV Applications |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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High Altitude Dielectric Considerations |
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370 | (2) |
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Reclosing Duty Derating Factors |
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372 | (1) |
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Vacuum Circuit Breaker Applications |
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373 | (6) |
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375 | (1) |
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Applications in Motor Circuits |
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376 | (2) |
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Review of Surge Protection Methods |
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378 | (1) |
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Choosing Between Vacuum or SF6 |
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379 | (2) |
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379 | (2) |
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Synchronous Switching and Condition Monitoring |
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381 | (38) |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (16) |
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Mechanical Performance Considerations |
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382 | (3) |
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Contact Gap Voltage Withstand |
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385 | (1) |
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Synchronous Capacitance Switching |
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386 | (5) |
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Synchronous Reactor Switching |
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391 | (2) |
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Synchronous Transformer Switching |
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393 | (1) |
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Synchronous Short Circuit Current Switching |
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394 | (4) |
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Condition Monitoring of Circuit Breakers |
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398 | (12) |
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Choice of Monitored Parameters |
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400 | (1) |
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401 | (6) |
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407 | (3) |
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Monitored Parameters Selection Analysis |
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410 | (3) |
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Monitored Signals Management |
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413 | (1) |
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414 | (5) |
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417 | (2) |
Appendix: Conversion Tables |
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419 | (6) |
Index |
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425 | |