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1 | (8) |
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6 | (3) |
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2 Asking the Right Policy Questions |
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9 | (10) |
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9 | (1) |
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2.2 Asking the Right Policy Questions |
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10 | (8) |
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11 | (3) |
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14 | (1) |
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2.2.3 The How Questions and Quantitative Techniques |
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15 | (2) |
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2.2.4 So Many Answers and Not Enough Time |
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17 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Answers in Search of Questions |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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3 Identifying Data Sources |
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19 | (14) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (4) |
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24 | (2) |
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3.5 Institution-Level Data |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (5) |
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4 Creating Datasets and Managing Data |
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33 | (20) |
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33 | (1) |
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4.2 Stata Dataset Creation |
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34 | (14) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (13) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (2) |
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5 Getting to Know Thy Data |
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53 | (26) |
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53 | (1) |
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5.2 Getting to Know the Structure of Our Datasets |
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54 | (7) |
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5.3 Getting to Know Our Data |
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61 | (2) |
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5.4 Missing Data Analysis |
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63 | (11) |
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5.4.1 Missing Data---Missing Completely at Random |
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71 | (3) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (2) |
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6 Using Descriptive Statistics and Graphs |
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79 | (24) |
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79 | (1) |
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6.2 Descriptive Statistics |
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80 | (12) |
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6.2.1 Measures of Central Tendency |
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80 | (5) |
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6.2.2 Measures of Dispersion |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (6) |
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92 | (8) |
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92 | (8) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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7 Introduction to Intermediate Statistical Techniques |
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103 | (42) |
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103 | (1) |
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7.2 Review of OLS Regression |
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104 | (17) |
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7.2.1 The Assumptions of OLS Regression |
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104 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Bivariate OLS Regression |
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105 | (3) |
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7.2.3 Multivariate OLS Regression |
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108 | (2) |
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7.2.4 Multivariate Pooled OLS Regression |
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110 | (11) |
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7.3 Weighted Least Squares and Feasible Generalized Least Squares Regression |
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121 | (1) |
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7.4 Fixed-Effects Regression |
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121 | (13) |
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7.4.1 Unobserved Heterogeneity and Fixed-Effects Dummy Variable (FEDV) Regression |
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122 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Estimating FEDV Multivariate POLS Regression Models |
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122 | (6) |
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7.4.3 Fixed-Effects Regression and Difference-in-Differences |
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128 | (6) |
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7.5 Random-Effects Regression |
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134 | (7) |
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136 | (5) |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (3) |
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144 | (1) |
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8 Advanced Statistical Techniques: I |
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145 | (36) |
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145 | (1) |
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8.2 Time Series Data and Autocorrelation |
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146 | (5) |
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8.3 Testing for Autocorrelations |
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151 | (2) |
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8.3.1 Examples of Autocorrelation Tests---Time Series Data |
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152 | (1) |
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8.4 Time Series Regression Models with AR terms |
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153 | (10) |
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8.4.1 Autocorrelation of the Residuals from the P-W Regression |
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154 | (9) |
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8.5 Summary of Time Series Data, Autocorrelation, and Regression |
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163 | (1) |
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8.6 Examples of Autocorrelation Tests---Panel Data |
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163 | (1) |
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8.7 Panel-Data Regression Models with AR Terms |
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164 | (3) |
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8.8 Cross-Sectional Dependence |
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167 | (6) |
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8.8.1 Cross-Sectional Dependence---Unobserved Common Factors |
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168 | (1) |
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8.8.2 Tests to Detect Cross-Sectional Dependence---Unobserved Common Factors |
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168 | (5) |
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8.9 Panel Regression Models That Take Cross-Sectional Dependency into Account |
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173 | (3) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (3) |
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179 | (2) |
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9 Advanced Statistical Techniques: II |
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181 | (26) |
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181 | (1) |
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9.2 The Context of Macro Panel Data and an Appropriate Statistical Approach |
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182 | (5) |
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9.2.1 Heterogeneous Coefficient Regression |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Common Correlated Effects Estimators |
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184 | (1) |
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9.2.4 HCR with a DCCE Estimator |
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185 | (1) |
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9.2.5 Error Correction Model Framework |
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186 | (1) |
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9.2.6 Mean Group Estimator |
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186 | (1) |
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9.3 Demonstration of HCR with DCCE and MG Estimators |
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187 | (14) |
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9.3.1 Macroeconomic Panel Data |
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188 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Tests for Nonstationary Data |
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188 | (6) |
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9.3.3 Tests for Cointegration |
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194 | (2) |
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9.3.4 Tests for Cross-Sectional Independence |
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196 | (1) |
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9.3.5 Test of Homogeneous Coefficients |
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197 | (1) |
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9.3.6 Results of the HCR with DCCE and MG Estimators |
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198 | (3) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (4) |
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10 Presenting Analyses to Policymakers |
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207 | (34) |
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207 | (1) |
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10.2 Presenting Descriptive Statistics |
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208 | (4) |
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10.2.1 Descriptive Statistics in Microsoft Word Tables |
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208 | (4) |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (7) |
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10.4.1 Graphs of Regression Results |
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216 | (5) |
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10.5 Marginal Effects (with Continuous Variables) and Graphs |
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221 | (8) |
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10.5.1 Marginal Effects (Elasticities) and Graphs |
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225 | (4) |
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10.6 Marginal Effects and Word Tables |
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229 | (2) |
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10.7 Marginal Effects (with Categorical Variables) and Graphs |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (7) |
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240 | (1) |
Index |
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241 | |