Translator's Note |
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xi | |
Foreword |
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xiii | |
PART ONE LITERATURE OF THE 1950's-1970's |
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Chapter One The 'Transition' in Literature |
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3 | |
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1. The Literary Scene in the 1940's |
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3 | |
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2. The 'Choice' of the Left-Wing Literary World |
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8 | |
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3. The Literary Thought of Mao Zedong |
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12 | |
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4. The Establishment of a 'New Direction for Literature' |
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17 | |
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Chapter Two Literary Norms and the Literary Environment |
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21 | |
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1. The Literary Environment of the 1950's-1970's |
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21 | |
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2. Periodicals and Literary Groups |
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27 | |
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3. Literary Criticism and Campaigns of Criticism |
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30 | |
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4. The Change in the Overall Nature of Writers |
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33 | |
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5. The Cultural Dispositions of 'Core Writers' |
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36 | |
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Chapter Three Contradictions and Conflicts |
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41 | |
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1. Frequent Campaigns of Criticism |
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41 | |
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2. The Continuation of Internal Contradictions Within Left-Wing Literature |
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47 | |
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51 | |
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4. The Nature of Divergence |
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56 | |
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Chapter Four Hidden Poets and Poetry Groupings |
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64 | |
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1. The Choice of Paths for Poetry |
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64 | |
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2. A Universal Artistic Predicament |
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67 | |
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3. The Fate of the 'Nine Leaves' Poets |
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72 | |
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4. The Lot of the 'July Group' Poets |
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73 | |
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Chapter Five The Forms of Poetry |
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76 | |
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1. The 'Realist' Tendency and the Narrative Poetry Tide |
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76 | |
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2. The Artistic Path of Young Poets |
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81 | |
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85 | |
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Chapter Six Themes and Forms of Fiction |
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90 | |
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1. The Division of Fiction Writers |
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90 | |
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2. The Systemization and Classification of Themes |
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93 | |
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3. The State of Typology in Fiction |
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96 | |
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4. The Trend Toward Unity in Form |
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100 | |
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Chapter Seven Rural Area Fiction |
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104 | |
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1. The Contemporary Forms of Rural Area Fiction |
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104 | |
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2. Zhao Shuli and the Shanxi Writers |
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108 | |
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3. The 'History of the Critical Value' of Zhao Shuli |
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112 | |
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4. Liu Qing's History of Pioneering Work |
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115 | |
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Chapter Eight The Narration of History |
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120 | |
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1. Revolutionary Historical Fiction |
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120 | |
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2. The Pursuit of 'Epic Character' |
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122 | |
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3. Red Crag's Mode of Composition |
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127 | |
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4. Another Type of Memory |
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130 | |
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5. The Song Of Youth and the Discussion Surrounding It |
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135 | |
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6. The Historical Novel Li Zicheng |
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140 | |
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Chapter Nine The Plight of Other Forms of Fiction |
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143 | |
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143 | |
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2. In Search of New Substitutes |
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146 | |
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3. 'Urban Fiction' and 'Fiction of Industrial Themes' |
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150 | |
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4. Three Family Lane and the Discussion Surrounding It |
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153 | |
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Chapter Ten Beyond the Mainstream |
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156 | |
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1. Non-Mainstream Literature' |
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156 | |
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2. The First 'Heterodoxy' |
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157 | |
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3. 'Hundred Flowers Literature' |
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160 | |
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165 | |
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5. Permutations of Positions |
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169 | |
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171 | |
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1. The Concept of Contemporary Prose |
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171 | |
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2. The 'Renaissance' of Prose |
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173 | |
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3. Prose Writers and Their Creative Patterns |
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177 | |
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4. The Fate of the Miscellaneous Essay |
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180 | |
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5. Memoirs and Historical Biography |
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183 | |
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Chapter Twelve The Theater |
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186 | |
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1. A Survey of Dramatic Art |
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186 | |
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190 | |
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3. Historical Drama and Related Discussion |
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193 | |
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4. The 'High Tide' of Drama |
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200 | |
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Chapter Thirteen Towards 'Cultural Revolution Literature' |
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203 | |
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1. The Literary Campaign of 1958 |
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203 | |
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2. The Radical Ideological Trend in Literature and 'The Summary of Minutes' |
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3. Literature's Modes of Existence |
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212 | |
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4. Characteristics of 'Revolutionary Literature' |
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218 | |
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Chapter Fourteen The Re-Construction of 'Classics' |
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222 | |
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1. The Experiment in the Creation of 'Models' |
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222 | |
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2. 'Revolutionary Model Opera' |
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226 | |
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3. The Fiction of Hao Ran and Others |
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230 | |
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4. Difficulties in the Creation of 'Models' |
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234 | |
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Chapter Fifteen A Divided Literary World |
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1. The Public World of Poetry |
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236 | |
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239 | |
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3. The Last Poems of Mu Dan |
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242 | |
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4. The 'Baiyang Marshes Poetry Grouping' |
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245 | |
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249 | |
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6. The Poetry of Tian'anmen |
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253 | |
PART TWO LITERATURE SINCE 1976 |
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Chapter Sixteen The Literary Environment During the 1980's |
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257 | |
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1. The Thought Liberation Tide |
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257 | |
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2. Outside Influences During the Open Period |
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261 | |
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3. Division and Regrouping Among Writers |
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267 | |
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4. Literature and the 'Market Economy' |
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271 | |
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Chapter Seventeen A Survey of 1980's Literature |
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275 | |
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1. Process: The First Half of the 1980's |
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275 | |
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2. Process: The Second Half of the 1980's |
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279 | |
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3. A Variety of Literary Forms |
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285 | |
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4. Overall Styles and Stances of Writers |
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290 | |
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Chapter Eighteen Fiction During the First Half of the 1980's |
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293 | |
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1. A Few Concepts of the Fiction Tide |
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293 | |
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2. The Formation and Characteristics of the Tide |
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297 | |
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3. Memory of the Wounds of History |
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300 | |
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4. 'Educated Youth Fiction' in the Reconsideration of History |
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309 | |
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Chapter Nineteen 1980's Poetry |
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315 | |
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1. Poetry Circles After the 'Cultural Revolution' |
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315 | |
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2. The Poetry of the 'Returnees' (A) |
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319 | |
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3. The Poetry of the 'Returnees' (B) |
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328 | |
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Chapter Twenty The New Poetry Tide |
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335 | |
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1. 'Misty Poetry' and the Related Polemic |
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335 | |
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2. Major Writers of 'Misty Poetry' |
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341 | |
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3. The 'Newborn Generation' of the New Poetry Tide |
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349 | |
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356 | |
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Chapter Twenty-One Fiction of the Second Half of the 1980's (A) |
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366 | |
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1. 'Root-Seeking' in Literature |
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366 | |
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2. 'Root-Seeking' and the Artistic Forms of Fiction |
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370 | |
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3. Fiction of the Marketplace and Native Soil |
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373 | |
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4. Outside Groupings and Schools |
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379 | |
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Chapter Twenty-Two Fiction of the Second Half of the 1980's (B) |
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382 | |
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1. Literary Exploration and 'Avant-Garde Fiction' |
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382 | |
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2. A Description of 'New Realism' |
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387 | |
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3. Writers of 'Avant-Garde Fiction' |
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390 | |
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4. Writers of 'New Realism' in Fiction |
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395 | |
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5. Other Major Writers of Fiction |
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398 | |
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Chapter Twenty-Three The Art of Woman Writers |
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404 | |
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1. The Upsurge of Woman Writers |
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404 | |
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2. The Fiction of Woman Writers (A) |
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408 | |
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3. Concepts of 'Women's Literature' |
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413 | |
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4. The Fiction of Woman Writers (B) |
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416 | |
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Chapter Twenty-Four The Art of Prose |
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420 | |
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1. A Survey of the Art of Prose |
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420 | |
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424 | |
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428 | |
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4. Scholarly Prose and Informal Essays |
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431 | |
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Chapter Twenty-Five The Situation of Literature in the 1990's |
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437 | |
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1. Changes in the Literary Environment |
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437 | |
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2. Important Literary Phenomena |
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441 | |
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3. The Overall Situation of Literature in the 1990's |
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444 | |
A Chronology of Contemporary Literature in China |
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451 | |
Postscript |
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505 | |
Glossary of Terms, Organizations, and Periodicals |
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507 | |
Bibliography |
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551 | |
Titles of Works Cited |
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573 | |
Index |
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619 | |