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Holography: Principles and Applications [Kõva köide]

(University of Arizona, Tucson, USA)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 352 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 839 g, 8 Illustrations, color; 269 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Series in Optics and Optoelectronics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 02-Jul-2019
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439855838
  • ISBN-13: 9781439855836
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Holography: Principles and ApplicationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 352 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 839 g, 8 Illustrations, color; 269 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Series in Optics and Optoelectronics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 02-Jul-2019
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439855838
  • ISBN-13: 9781439855836
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781439855836.html
Märksõnad:
Holography: Principles and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of the theory, practical considerations, and applications of holography. The author has spent his career working on different aspects of this subject, and in this book, conveys the foundation for others to use holography and holographic concepts in a variety of important applications. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the imaging and diffraction efficiency properties of holographic optical elements that are finding increasing use in medical imaging, solar conversion systems, and augmented reality eyewear. A comprehensive overview of holographic materials is also given as this area is critical for implementing successful holographic designs. The important areas of digital and computer generated holography are also presented to give the reader an understanding of these topics. The author has attempted to explain each subject in a manner that he has found effective in teaching holography for over thirty years.

This book is suitable for researchers and as a textbook for graduate students in optics, physics, and engineering. As an aid to instructors and students, the book includes exercise problems and a set of laboratory experiments to enhance understanding. Methods for preparing and handling holographic materials is also provided to help individuals develop experimental capability in holography. In addition, over 450 current and foundational references are provided to help the researcher probe further into this interesting and useful subject.

Features











Offers a systematic, rigorous account of the principles, techniques, and applications of holography; Describes the process of design, implementation, and evaluation of a variety of holographic optical elements; Provides an extensive overview of holographic materials including preparation, handling, and processing techniques; Includes exercise problems and laboratory experiments.

Arvustused

"[ This book] provides a comprehensive overview of the theory, practical considerations, and applications of holography. Professor Kostuk has spent his career working on different aspects of this subject, and in this book, conveys the foundation for others to use holography and holographic concepts in a variety of important applications. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the imaging and diffraction efficiency properties of holographic optical elements that are finding increasing use in medical imaging, solar conversion systems, and augmented reality eyewear.

A comprehensive overview of holographic materials is also given as this area is critical for implementing successful holographic designs. The important areas of digital and computer generated holography are also presented to give the reader an understanding of these topics. Professor Kostuk explains each subject in a manner that he has found effective in teaching holography for over thirty years. "Holography: Principles and Applications" is especially suitable for researchers and as a textbook for graduate students in optics, physics, and engineering. As an aid to instructors and students, the book includes exercise problems and a set of laboratory experiments to enhance understanding. Methods for preparing and handling holographic materials is also provided to help individuals develop experimental capability in holography. In addition, over 450 current and foundational references are provided to help the researcher probe further into this interesting and useful subject. ... Expertly written, organized and presented, "Holography: Principles and Applications" is the ideal curriculum textbook for Holography curriculums and reservedly recommended for corporate, college, and university library Holography collections and supplemental studies lists." Midwest Book Review, August 2019

Preface xiii
Author xv
1 Introduction and Brief History of Holography
1(8)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Historical Background
1(3)
1.3 Philosophy and Content of the Book
4(5)
References
5(4)
2 Background of Physical and Geometrical Optics for Holography
9(32)
2.1 Introduction
9(1)
2.2 Light as an Electromagnetic Wave
9(3)
2.3 Polarization of an Optical Field
12(3)
2.3.1 Linear Polarization
13(1)
2.3.2 Circular Polarization
13(1)
2.3.3 Elliptical Polarization
14(1)
2.4 Coherence
15(5)
2.4.1 Temporal Coherence
15(3)
2.4.2 Spatial Coherence
18(2)
2.5 Geometrical Optics
20(10)
2.5.1 Ray Propagation
20(1)
2.5.2 Reflection at Dielectric Interfaces
21(1)
2.5.2.1 Fresnel Formulae
21(3)
2.5.2.2 Brewster Angle
24(1)
2.5.2.3 Total Internal Reflection
25(1)
2.5.3 Optical Lenses
25(3)
2.5.4 Focusing Mirrors
28(1)
2.5.5 Paraxial Rays and Basic Image Analysis Methods
28(1)
2.5.5.1 Paraxial Approximation and Ray Trace Relations
28(1)
2.5.5.2 Basic Image Analysis Methods
29(1)
2.6 Diffraction Analysis
30(11)
2.6.1 Huygens-Fresnel Diffraction Relation
31(1)
2.6.2 Fresnel or Near-Field Diffraction Region
32(1)
2.6.3 Fraunhofer or Far-Field Diffraction Region
32(1)
2.6.4 Fourier Transform Properties of a Lens
33(2)
2.6.5 Diffraction by Apertures
35(1)
2.6.5.1 Rectangular Aperture
35(1)
2.6.5.2 Circular Aperture
36(1)
Problems
37(3)
References
40(1)
3 Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Holography
41(24)
3.1 Introduction
41(1)
3.2 Holographic Recording Process
41(3)
3.2.1 Step 1: Superimposing the Object and Reference Beams
41(2)
3.2.2 Step 2: Expose the Recording Material and Convert to a Physical Holographic Grating
43(1)
3.2.3 Step 3: Reconstructing the Holographic Image
43(1)
3.3 Scattering from a Periodic Array of Scattering Points and the Grating Equation
44(2)
3.4 Hologram Terminology
46(3)
3.4.1 Diffraction Efficiency
46(1)
3.4.2 Linear, Computer Generated, and Digital Holography Recording
46(1)
3.4.3 Thin and Thick (Volume) Holographic Gratings
47(1)
3.4.4 Transmission and Reflection Type Holograms
48(1)
3.5 Hologram Geometries
49(5)
3.5.1 "In-Line" (Gabor Type) Holograms
49(1)
3.5.2 "Off-Axis" Hologram
50(1)
3.5.3 Fourier Transform Hologram
50(2)
3.5.4 Fraunhofer Hologram
52(1)
3.5.5 Hologram Geometry Diagram
53(1)
3.6 Plane Wave Analysis of Holograms
54(5)
3.6.1 Grating Vector
55(1)
3.6.2 K-Vector Closure or Bragg Condition
56(1)
3.6.3 Reflection Hologram Example
56(1)
3.6.4 Bragg Circle Diagram
57(2)
3.7 Dispersion of Thin Gratings
59(6)
3.7.1 Example of a Spectrometer with a Holographic Grating
60(1)
Problems
61(2)
References
63(2)
4 Holographic Image Formation
65(28)
4.1 Introduction
65(1)
4.2 Exact Ray Tracing
65(5)
4.2.1 Exact Ray Tracing Algorithm
65(4)
4.2.2 Primary and Secondary Image Formation
69(1)
4.2.3 Forming a Real Image with a Conjugate Reconstruction Beam
69(1)
4.3 Hologram Paraxial Imaging Relations
70(7)
4.3.1 Analysis of the Phase Distribution from a Point Source to a Hologram Plane
71(4)
4.3.2 Image Magnification Effects
75(1)
4.3.3 Effect of Spectral Bandwidth on Hologram Image Resolution
76(1)
4.4 Aberrations in Holographic Imaging
77(6)
4.4.1 Spherical Aberration Coefficient
79(1)
4.4.2 Coma Aberration Coefficient
79(1)
4.4.3 Astigmatism and Field Curvature Aberration Coefficients
79(1)
4.4.4 Distortion Aberration Coefficient
80(1)
4.4.5 Example of a Holographic Lens Formed with Spherical Waves and Methods to Reduce Image Aberration
80(3)
4.5 Dispersion Compensation
83(2)
4.6 Analyzing Holographic Lenses with Optical Design Tools
85(2)
4.7 Hologram Formation with Aspheric Wavefronts
87(2)
4.8 Holographic Lenses Recorded and Reconstructed at Different Wavelengths
89(1)
4.9 Combining Image Analysis with Localized Diffraction Efficiency
90(3)
Problems
90(2)
References
92(1)
5 Hologram Diffraction Efficiency
93(40)
5.1 Introduction
93(1)
5.2 Fourier Analysis of Thin Absorption and Sinusoidal Phase Gratings
93(6)
5.2.1 Diffraction by a Thin Sinusoidal Absorption Grating
94(2)
5.2.2 Diffraction by a Thin Sinusoidal Phase Grating
96(3)
5.3 Coupled Wave Analysis
99(34)
5.3.1 Approximate Coupled Wave Analysis ("Kogelnik" Model)
99(1)
5.3.1.1 Assumptions and Background Conditions
99(2)
5.3.1.2 The Bragg Condition
101(3)
5.3.1.3 Dispersion Properties of a Volume Grating
104(1)
5.3.1.4 Solving the Coupled Wave Equations
104(2)
5.3.1.5 General Solution
106(1)
5.3.1.6 Transmission Grating Field Amplitude
106(2)
5.3.1.7 Reflection Grating Field Amplitude
108(1)
5.3.1.8 Diffraction Efficiency
109(1)
5.3.1.9 Properties of Specific Grating Types
109(10)
5.3.1.10 Polarization Aspects of Volume Holograms Using ACWA
119(2)
5.3.2 Criteria for Using "Thin" and "Thick" Grating Models
121(1)
5.3.3 Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis
122(1)
5.3.3.1 Properties of the Electric Field within the Grating
123(2)
5.3.3.2 Fields Outside the Grating Region
125(1)
5.3.3.3 Solving for the Amplitudes of the Diffraction Orders
125(4)
5.3.4 Comparison of RCWA with ACWA and Special Grating Cases
129(1)
Problems
130(2)
References
132(1)
6 Computer-Generated Holograms
133(20)
6.1 Introduction
133(1)
6.2 Preliminary Considerations for the CGH Process
133(4)
6.2.1 Basic Concept
133(1)
6.2.2 Sampling Continuous Functions
134(1)
6.2.3 Continuous and Discrete Fourier Transform Operations
135(1)
6.2.4 Sampling Requirements at the Object and Hologram Planes
136(1)
6.3 CGH Encoding Methods
137(9)
6.3.1 Binary Detour Phase Encoding
138(3)
6.3.2 Binary Interferogram Computer-Generated Holograms
141(2)
6.3.3 Example of a Binary Fourier Transform Hologram
143(3)
6.4 Dammann Gratings
146(2)
6.5 Dynamic CGHs Formed with a Spatial Light Modulator
148(2)
6.6 CGH Design Algorithm Optimization Methods
150(3)
Problems
150(1)
References
151(2)
7 Digital Holography
153(22)
7.1 Introduction
153(1)
7.2 Digital Hologram Process
153(2)
7.3 DH Recording Considerations
155(1)
7.4 Construction Geometries
156(3)
7.5 Reconstruction Methods
159(3)
7.5.1 Fresnel Approximation Method
159(2)
7.5.2 Convolution Method
161(1)
7.6 Digital Hologram Imaging Issues and Correction Techniques
162(3)
7.6.1 Zero Order Suppression by Background Subtraction
162(1)
7.6.2 Phase Shifting Recording and Correction
163(2)
7.7 Applications of Digital Holography
165(10)
7.7.1 DH Microscopy
165(2)
7.7.2 Multiple Wavelength DH Microscopy
167(1)
7.7.3 Short Coherence Length DH Microscopy
168(2)
7.7.4 Digital Holographic Interferometry
170(1)
Problems
171(1)
References
172(3)
8 Holographic Recording Materials
175(26)
8.1 Introduction
175(2)
8.2 Emulsion-Based Materials
177(6)
8.2.1 Silver Halide Emulsions
177(1)
8.2.1.1 Introduction
177(1)
8.2.1.2 General Silver Halide Emulsion Properties
177(1)
8.2.1.3 Developers and Bleaches for Silver Halide Emulsions
178(2)
8.2.1.4 Silver Sensitized Holograms
180(1)
8.2.1.5 General Comments on Handling and Processing Silver Halide Emulsions
181(1)
8.2.2 Dichromated Gelatin
181(1)
8.2.2.1 Introduction
181(1)
8.2.2.2 Description of Gelatin Materials and Sensitizer
182(1)
8.2.2.3 Mechanism for Hologram Formation in DCG
182(1)
8.2.2.4 Preparation of DCG Emulsions
182(1)
8.2.2.5 DCG Exposure and Development Parameters
183(1)
8.3 Photorefractive Materials
183(3)
8.4 Holographic Photopolymers
186(2)
8.4.1 Introduction
186(1)
8.4.2 General Photopolymer Composition
187(1)
8.4.3 Commercially Available Holographic Polymer Recording Characteristics and Physical Format
187(1)
8.5 Dynamic Holographic Photopolymers
188(3)
8.5.1 Photorefractive Holographic Photopolymers
189(1)
8.5.2 Holographic Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals
190(1)
8.6 Photoresist Materials
191(1)
8.7 Photoconductor/Thermoplastic Materials
192(1)
8.8 Embossed Holograms
193(1)
8.9 Photosensitized Glass
193(8)
8.9.1 Sensitized Optical Fiber
194(1)
8.9.2 Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass
194(1)
Problems
195(1)
References
195(6)
9 Holographic Displays
201(16)
9.1 Introduction
201(1)
9.2 Reflection Display Holograms
201(3)
9.3 Transmission Display Holograms
204(3)
9.3.1 Image Plane Holograms
204(1)
9.3.2 Rainbow (Benton) Holograms
204(1)
9.3.2.1 Two-Step Rainbow Hologram
205(2)
9.3.2.2 Single-Step Image Plane Rainbow Hologram
207(1)
9.4 Composite Holographic Displays
207(2)
9.4.1 Holographic Stereograms
207(1)
9.4.2 Zebra Imaging Holographic Display
208(1)
9.5 Updateable Holographic Displays
209(2)
9.6 Holographic Combiner Displays
211(6)
9.6.1 Head Up and Helmet Mounted Displays
211(1)
9.6.2 Near Eye Augmented Reality Eyewear
212(2)
Problems
214(1)
References
215(2)
10 Holographic Interferometry
217(12)
10.1 Introduction and Basic Principles
217(1)
10.2 Methods for Forming Holographic Interference Patterns
218(2)
10.2.1 Double Exposure Holographic Interferometry
218(1)
10.2.2 Real-Time Holographic Interferometry
219(1)
10.3 Measuring Surface Displacements with Holographic Interferometry
220(1)
10.4 Surface Contouring with Holographic Interferometry
221(2)
10.4.1 Multiple Wavelength Surface Contouring
221(1)
10.4.2 Contouring with Two Point Sources
222(1)
10.5 Holographic Interferometry Measurement of Refractive Index Variations
223(1)
10.6 Phase Shifting Holographic Interferometry
224(1)
10.7 Analysis of Holographic Interference Patterns
225(4)
Problems
226(1)
References
227(2)
11 Holographic Optical Elements and Instrument Applications
229(34)
11.1 Introduction
229(1)
11.2 Holographic Lenses
229(4)
11.3 Holographic Spectral Filters
233(5)
11.4 Holographic Beam Splitters and Polarization Elements
238(3)
11.5 Folded Holographic Optical Elements
241(3)
11.6 Volume Holographic Imaging
244(4)
11.7 Holographic Optical Elements in Solar Energy Conversion Systems
248(6)
11.7.1 Holographic Concentrators
248(1)
11.7.2 Light Trapping Holographic Optical Elements
249(1)
11.7.3 Holographic Spectrum Splitting Systems
250(3)
11.7.4 Other Solar Applications of Holographic Optical Elements
253(1)
11.8 Holographic Optical Elements in Optical Interconnects and Communications Systems
254(9)
11.8.1 Optical Interconnects
254(1)
11.8.2 Optical Communications
254(2)
11.8.3 Optical Code Division Multiple Access Waveguide Holograms
256(1)
Problems
257(2)
References
259(4)
12 Holographic Data Storage
263(16)
12.1 Introduction
263(1)
12.2 Holographic Data Storage System Configurations
264(2)
12.3 Hologram Multiplexing Techniques
266(5)
12.3.1 Angle Multiplexing
267(1)
12.3.2 Wavelength Multiplexing
267(1)
12.3.3 Shift Multiplexing
268(1)
12.3.4 Peristrophic Multiplexing
268(1)
12.3.5 Polytopic Multiplexing
269(2)
12.4 Recording Material Considerations
271(3)
12.4.1 Holographic Material Dynamic Range for Multiplexing
271(1)
12.4.2 Hologram Exposure Scheduling
272(2)
12.5 Object Beam Conditioning
274(3)
12.6 Representative Holographic Data Storage Systems
277(2)
Problems
277(1)
References
278(1)
Appendix A Mathematical Relations 279(4)
Appendix B Practical Considerations for Hologram Construction 283(14)
Appendix C Laser Operation and Properties Useful for Holography 297(10)
Appendix D Holographic Material Processing Techniques 307(8)
Appendix E Holography Lab Experiments 315(10)
Index 325
Raymond K. Kostuk is a professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering in the College of Engineering and also has a joint professor appointment in the James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona. He received a Bachelor of Science Degree from the United States Coast Guard Academy and served as an officer in the United States Coast Guard for 10 years. During that time, he was sent to the University of Rochester where he received a Master of Science Degree in Optical Engineering from the Institute of Optics. After completing his military service, he went to Stanford University and obtained his doctorate under the advisement of Professor Joseph W. Goodman working on applying multiplexed holograms to optical interconnect systems. After graduating, he spent a year at the IBM Almaden Research Center where he worked with Glenn Sincerbox on problems related to optical data storage. He then went to the University of Arizona and has continued to work on various types of optical systems with the main focus on holographic optical elements and holographic materials. He has published over 80 journal papers and several book chapters and patents primarily related to different aspects of holography. He is a fellow of the Optical Society of America and the Society of Photo Instrumentation Engineers