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Housing Policy in the United States 4th edition [Kõva köide]

(New School University, USA)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 402 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 920 g, 66 Tables, black and white; 33 Line drawings, black and white; 4 Halftones, black and white; 37 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Apr-2021
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0367563908
  • ISBN-13: 9780367563905
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 402 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 920 g, 66 Tables, black and white; 33 Line drawings, black and white; 4 Halftones, black and white; 37 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Apr-2021
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0367563908
  • ISBN-13: 9780367563905
The fourth edition of Housing Policy in the United States refreshes its classic, foundational coverage of the field with new data, analysis, and comparative focus.

This landmark volume offers a broad overview that synthesizes a wide range of material to highlight the significant problems, concepts, programs and debates that all defi ne the aims, challenges, and milestones within and involving housing policy. Expanded discussion in this edition centers on state and local activity to produce and preserve affordable housing, the impact and the implications of reduced fi nancial incentives for homeowners.

Other features of this new edition include:

Analysis of the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 on housing- related tax

expenditures;

Review of the state of fair housing programs in the wake of the Trump Administrations rollback

of several key programs and policies;

Cross- examination of U.S. housing policy and conditions in an international context.

Featuring the latest available data on housing patterns and conditions, this is an excellent companion

for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses in urban studies, urban planning, sociology

and social policy, and housing policy.

Arvustused

My copy of an earlier edition of Alex Schwartzs Housing Policy in the United States is dog-eared, creased, and underlined, proof that Ive returned to that text again and again over the years. Now updated and expandedincluding with international comparisonsthis is the go-to book for anyone who wants to understand the nature and consequences of housing policy in the United States.

Matthew Desmond, Maurice P. During Professor of Sociology, Princeton University, Author of Evicted

Alex Schwartzs book is, hands-down, the best single resource on U.S. housing policy. Its a perfect introduction for those just coming to the field as well as a terrific reference for those who need to brush up on details or statistics about particular programs and policies. Clearly written and comprehensive, it is the rare book that is useful for both scholars and practitioners.

Ingrid Gould Ellen, Paulette Goddard Professor of Urban Policy and Planning and Faculty Director, NYU Furman Center, New York University

Alex Schwartz has done it again with the fourth edition of what has come to be the go-to housing policy text in the U.S. Its amazing that he is able to update loads of existing material and then continue to add newly relevant sections. Im thrilled with the new chapter on comparative international housing policy. I cant wait to add it to my own housing policy course.

Dan Immergluck, Professor, Urban Studies Institute, Georgia State University

The fourth edition of Alex Schwartzs book covers the full range of federal housing policies for renters, owners, and special needs populations. The book remains accessible to all readers, from the layman to the seasoned housing policy expert. Finally, the book is well substantiated with many extremely helpful tables and figures that assist the reader in understanding the many insights offered in the text.

Kirk McClure, Professor, Urban Planning, University of Kansas

Alex Schwartz has done a great service to the housing field with his 4th edition of Housing Policy in the United States. He has crafted an indispensable resource for understanding why housing matters in all its dimensions. Most of what you need to know about housing is in this book.

Sandra Newman, Professor of Policy Studies, Johns Hopkins University

This time Alex Schwartz goes global with the most comprehensive and a most readable examination of US housing policy in its international context up to and including the impact of Covid-19 and beyond.

Gregory D. Squires, Professor of Sociology and Public Policy & Public Administration, George Washington University

This latest edition remains the single best place to find up-to-date answers to nearly all questions about American housing policy. More than a clear technical guide, it shows how these policies are cultural and political products, now viewed in helpful international comparison.

Lawrence J. Vale, Associate Dean, School of Architecture and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

This is a definitive text for understanding the history and functioning of housing policy. The new comparative international chapter is especially insightful and useful. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book is a most valuable resource for practitioners, policy makers and all who wish to be informed about US housing policy.

Susan Wachter, Professor of Real Estate and Finance, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania

List of Figures
xvii
List of Tables
xix
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxv
1 Introduction
1(13)
Why Housing Matters
2(1)
Housing and the Environment
2(1)
The Economic Importance of Housing
3(2)
The Goals and Forms of Housing Policy
5(1)
Housing Policy in the United States: An Overview
6(3)
Organization of the Book
9(1)
Notes
10(1)
References
11(3)
2 Trends, Patterns, Problems
14(45)
Introduction
14(1)
Housing Construction Trends
14(2)
The Housing Bubble
16(4)
Tenure
20(3)
Characteristics of Homeowners and Renters
21(2)
Housing Conditions
23(4)
Crowding
26(1)
Affordability
27(16)
Affordability and Tenure
31(2)
Employment and Housing Affordability
33(1)
Worst-Case Housing Needs
34(4)
Explaining the Affordability Problem
38(5)
Homelessness
43(4)
The Magnitude and Causes of Homelessness
43(4)
Federal Housing Expenditures
47(5)
Conclusion
52(1)
Appendix: Selected Data Sources on Housing
52(1)
Notes
53(1)
References
54(5)
3 Housing Finance
59(42)
Introduction
59(1)
Housing Finance and the New Deal
59(5)
Home Loan Bank System
60(1)
Home Owners' Loan Corporation
60(1)
Federal Housing Administration
61(2)
Federal Housing National Mortgage Association
63(1)
Mortgage Finance from the 1940s to the 1980s--The Thrift Era
64(3)
The Impact of FIRREA
65(2)
Housing Finance from the 1990s to the Present--Securitization and Crisis
67(21)
The Ascendance of the Secondary Mortgage Market
68(4)
The Rise of Risk-Based Pricing and the Emergence of Subprime Lending
72(2)
Deregulation, Competition, and Technology
74(2)
High-Risk Mortgages and the Secondary Mortgage Market
76(1)
The Structure of Mortgage-Backed Securities
76(2)
The Growth of Private-Label Securitization
78(1)
The Mortgage Crisis
79(4)
The Mortgage Crisis in Historical Perspective: Impacts and Policy Response
83(5)
Debt Financing for Multifamily Housing
88(2)
Public Policy and Housing Finance
90(4)
Conclusion
94(1)
Notes
95(1)
References
96(5)
4 Taxes And Housing
101(17)
Overview of Tax Expenditures
101(3)
Homeowner Tax Expenditures
104(5)
Investor Tax Expenditures
109(3)
The Tax Reform Act of 1986
112(1)
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
112(2)
Conclusion
114(1)
Notes
115(1)
References
116(2)
5 The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
118(26)
How the Credit Works
118(2)
Converting Tax Credits into Equity
120(4)
Underwriting and Development Costs
124(3)
A Portrait of Tax-Credit Housing
127(4)
Sponsorship (For-ProfitlNonprofit)
127(1)
Credit Type
127(1)
Resident Income
127(2)
Physical Characteristics (Size, Construction Type)
129(1)
Year Put in Service
129(1)
Location (Central City, Suburbs, Nonmetropolitan Areas, Poverty Areas, Minority Areas)
129(2)
Financial Performance
131(1)
Issues and Unresolved Problems
132(4)
Complexity and Inefficiency
132(1)
Affordability and Sustainability Beyond Year 15
133(3)
Competing Uses for Tax Credits
136(1)
Programmatic Rigidity
136(1)
Conclusion
137(1)
Appendix: Discounting and Present Value
138(1)
Notes
139(1)
References
140(4)
6 Public Housing
144(34)
Overview of Public Housing
144(3)
Tenant Selection
147(2)
Project Location
149(1)
Design and Construction Quality
150(2)
Management
152(2)
Operating Subsidies
154(1)
Capital Needs
155(4)
Distressed Public Housing
159(8)
HOPE VI and the Transformation of Public Housing
160(7)
Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998
167(2)
One-Strike Eviction Policies
168(1)
Summary of Changes in Public Housing and Local Examples
169(1)
Conclusion
170(3)
Notes
173(1)
References
173(5)
7 Privately Owned Rental Housing Built With Federal Subsidy
178(20)
Mortgage Subsidy Programs
178(2)
Section 221(d) 3
178(1)
Section 236
179(1)
Section 515
180(1)
Program Performance
180(2)
Section 8 New Construction and Substantial Rehabilitation
181(1)
The Preservation Challenge
182(8)
Older Assisted Stock
182(2)
Newer Assisted Stock
184(1)
Physical Preservation Needs
184(1)
Section 515
185(1)
Federal Response
186(4)
Overview of Privately Owned, Assisted Housing Stock
190(2)
Conclusion
192(2)
Notes
194(1)
References
195(3)
8 Vouchers
198(40)
Introduction
198(1)
Origins and Growth
198(5)
Voucher Utilization Trends
203(4)
Landlord Participation in the HCV Program
207(2)
Profile of Voucher Holders
209(2)
Neighborhood Characteristics of Voucher Holders
211(6)
Rental Vouchers and Residential Mobility
217(9)
Moving to Opportunity
218(1)
Baltimore Housing Mobility Program (BHMP)
219(1)
Choice Communities Initiative (San Diego, CA)
219(1)
Mobility Assistance Program (MAP) (Dallas, Texas)
219(1)
How Effective Are Mobility Programs?
220(6)
Small Area Fair Market Rents
226(3)
Vouchers and Reconcentration of Poverty
229(1)
Conclusion
230(2)
Notes
232(1)
References
233(5)
9 State And Local Housing Policy And The Nonprofit Sector
238(39)
Block Grants
240(6)
Community Development Block Grants
240(3)
HOME Investment Partnership Program
243(3)
National Affordable Housing Trust Fund
246(1)
Tax-Exempt Bond Financing
246(2)
Mortgage Revenue Bonds
247(1)
Mortgage Credit Certificates
247(1)
Multifamily Housing Bonds
247(1)
Housing Trust Funds
248(4)
Inclusionary Zoning
252(7)
New Jersey
252(1)
California
253(1)
Massachusetts
254(1)
Montgomery County, Maryland
255(1)
Key Dimensions of Inclusionary Zoning
255(1)
Assessment
256(3)
Recent State and Local Initiatives to Produce and Preserve Affordable Housing
259(2)
General Obligation Bonds for Housing
259(1)
Rent Regulation
260(1)
Other Recent State and Local Housing Initiatives
260(1)
Nonprofit Organizations and State and Local Housing Programs
261(6)
Community Development Corporations (CDCs) Large Citywide and Regional Housing Organizations
266(1)
Supportive Housing and Other Special-Needs Housing Providers
267(1)
Conclusion
267(1)
Notes
267(2)
References
269(8)
10 Housing For People With Special Needs
277(13)
Housing for the Elderly
277(4)
Section 202
278(2)
Public Housing
280(1)
Other Federal Subsidy Programs
280(1)
Programs Designed to Help Elderly Households Remain in Place
280(1)
Housing for People with Disabilities
281(2)
Section 811
281(1)
Housing Opportunities for People with AIDS (HOPWA)
282(1)
Programs for Homeless People
283(2)
Housing First
283(2)
Conclusion
285(1)
Notes
285(1)
References
286(4)
11 Fair Housing And Community Reinvestment
290(47)
What Is Discrimination?
290(4)
Discrimination in the Residential Real Estate Market
294(10)
Discrimination Especially Pronounced Among "Identifiably" Minority Individuals
301(1)
Discrimination Over Time
301(2)
Discrimination Against Other Groups
303(1)
Limitations of HDS2012 and Other Fair Housing Audits
303(1)
Discrimination in the Mortgage Market
304(11)
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mortgage Denial Rates
304(5)
From Fair Access to Credit to Access to Fair Credit
309(6)
The Government's Response to Discrimination in the Real Estate and Mortgage Markets
315(14)
The Fair Housing Act
315(2)
Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH)
317(3)
Legislation Aimed at Discrimination in the Mortgage Market
320(6)
Legislation Aimed at Subprime and Predatory Lending
326(1)
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
327(1)
Enforcement of Fair Housing and Fair Lending Laws and Regulations
328(1)
Conclusion
329(1)
Notes
330(1)
References
331(6)
12 Homeownership And Income Integration
337(26)
Homeownership
337(13)
Financial Benefits of Homeownership
339(4)
Barriers to Homeownership and Strategies to Overcome Them
343(4)
Supply-Side Constraints
347(1)
Homeownership After the Crisis
348(2)
Income Integration
350(5)
Conclusion
355(1)
Notes
356(1)
References
356(7)
13 An International Perspective On U.S. Housing Policy: Australia, Canada, And The United Kingdom
363(17)
Introduction
363(1)
Country Overview
363(3)
Homeownership Policy
366(1)
Rental Subsidy Programs
367(6)
Public Housing and Other Forms of Social Housing
368(3)
Inclusionary Zoning
371(1)
Tenant-Based Rental Assistance
372(1)
Fair Housing
373(1)
Conclusion
374(1)
Notes
375(1)
References
376(4)
14 Conclusions
380(10)
COVID-19 and Housing
380(4)
Race and Housing
384(1)
Climate Change and Housing
385(1)
Housing Policy During the Trump Administration
385(2)
Notes
387(1)
References
387(3)
Index 390
Alex F. Schwartz is Professor of Public and Urban Policy at the New School. His research centerson housing and community development, including public housing and other affordable housing programs, mixed- income housing, fair housing, and community development corporations. He is co-author with Rachel Meltzer of Policy Analysis as Problem Solving: A Flexible and Evidence-Based Framework (Routledge 2018).