Preface |
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11 | (2) |
Introduction. Why Become a Really Good Pain in the Ass? |
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13 | (10) |
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PART 1 THE TOOLS OF THE TRADE: THE ABCs (AND DEFs) OF CRITICAL THINKING |
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23 | (152) |
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Chapter 1 A Is for Argument |
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25 | (19) |
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Why an Argument Is Like a House |
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26 | (4) |
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Deductive and Inductive Reasoning |
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30 | (2) |
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A Bit of History on Deduction |
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32 | (2) |
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Forms of Deductive Arguments (Valid) |
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34 | (4) |
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Modus Ponens (Affirming the Antecedent) |
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34 | (2) |
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Modus Tollens (Denying the Consequent) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Forms of Deductive Arguments (Invalid) |
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38 | (2) |
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Fallacy of Affirming the Consequent |
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38 | (1) |
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Fallacy of Denying the Antecedent |
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39 | (1) |
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Validity/Invalidity and Intuitive Insight |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (4) |
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Chapter 2 B Is for Biases |
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44 | (33) |
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Biases from Biological Influences |
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46 | (14) |
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46 | (4) |
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Neuropsychological Influences |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (4) |
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Sex, Health, and Biological Equilibrium |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (17) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (8) |
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Biases Are Filters of Information |
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71 | (4) |
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75 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 C Is for Context: Time, Place, and Circumstance |
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77 | (10) |
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Context, Bias, and Fairness |
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83 | (2) |
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The Rules of Fair Play for Critical Thinking |
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85 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 D Is for Diagramming |
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87 | (14) |
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Chapter 5 E Is for Evidence |
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101 | (24) |
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103 | (4) |
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Personal Experience as Anecdotal Evidence |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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The Scientific Method in Six Easy Steps |
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111 | (3) |
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Scientific Studies: Asking the Right Questions |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (2) |
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The Three Laws of Thought |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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The Law of Noncontradiction |
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119 | (1) |
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The Law of Excluded Middle |
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120 | (5) |
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Chapter 6 F Is for Fallacies |
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125 | (50) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (3) |
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132 | (4) |
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136 | (3) |
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Ad Populum or Appeal to Popularity |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (5) |
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149 | (1) |
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Confusing Cause and Effect |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (3) |
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154 | (2) |
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Extraordinary Claims Fallacy |
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156 | (2) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (3) |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (1) |
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The Slippery Slope Fallacy |
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168 | (2) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (4) |
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Summary of Part I The ABCs (and DEFs) of Critical Thinking |
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173 | (2) |
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PART 2 THE BEST DAMN PAINS IN THE ASS IN HISTORY |
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175 | (42) |
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Chapter 7 The Method of Socrates and the Modes of the Ancient Skeptics |
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177 | (40) |
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178 | (11) |
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The Modes of the Ancient Skeptics |
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189 | (7) |
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The Gold in the Dark Room Example |
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196 | (4) |
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Ten Modes Dealing with Conflicting Perceptions and Observations |
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200 | (4) |
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Five Modes Dealing with the Proofs of Dogmatists |
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204 | (4) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (3) |
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The Legacies of Socrates and the Ancient Skeptics: A Checklist |
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212 | (5) |
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Big T Truth and little t truth |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Whip Out Your Reality Measuring Stick |
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214 | (1) |
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Show Us Your Assumptions! |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (2) |
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PART 3 ANSWERING THE BIG FIVE: PREAMBLE |
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217 | (124) |
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Chapter 8 What Can I Know? |
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227 | (18) |
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228 | (11) |
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The Relations of Natural Systems (RNS) |
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230 | (2) |
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The Relations of Cultural Systems (RCS) |
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232 | (1) |
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The Onion Skin Theory of Knowledge (OSTOK) |
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233 | (6) |
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239 | (1) |
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The Supernatural Response |
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239 | (6) |
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241 | (4) |
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245 | (17) |
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246 | (5) |
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The Supernatural Response |
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251 | (11) |
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262 | (25) |
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263 | (18) |
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Fossils and Hominin Lineage |
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270 | (2) |
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Climatology/Meteorology/Migration/Tools |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (6) |
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The Supernatural Response |
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281 | (6) |
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Chapter 11 How Should I Behave? |
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287 | (28) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (16) |
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290 | (1) |
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Human Evolution and Ethics |
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290 | (3) |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (4) |
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A Naturalized Understanding of Ethics |
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299 | (2) |
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301 | (4) |
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The Supernatural Response |
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305 | (10) |
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Chapter 12 What Is to Come of Me? |
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315 | (26) |
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316 | (11) |
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The Supernatural Response |
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327 | (14) |
Conclusion |
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341 | (10) |
Acknowledgments |
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351 | (4) |
Notes |
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355 | (18) |
Bibliography |
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373 | (10) |
Index |
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383 | |