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How to Become a Really Good Pain in the Ass: A Critical Thinker's Guide to Asking the Right Questions [Pehme köide]

  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 404 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 229x152x24 mm, kaal: 608 g, Illustrations, unspecified; Black & White Illustrations
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Jul-2011
  • Kirjastus: Prometheus Books
  • ISBN-10: 1616143975
  • ISBN-13: 9781616143978
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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 404 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 229x152x24 mm, kaal: 608 g, Illustrations, unspecified; Black & White Illustrations
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Jul-2011
  • Kirjastus: Prometheus Books
  • ISBN-10: 1616143975
  • ISBN-13: 9781616143978
Teised raamatud teemal:
In this witty, incisive guide to critical thinking, DiCarlo provides you with the tools to allow you to question beliefs and assumptions held by those who claim to know what they're talking about. This book will empower you with the ability to spot faulty reasoning and, by asking the right sorts of questions, hold people accountable.

DiCarlo, a lecturer on bioethics and philosophy of science who is associated with the Society of Ontario Freethinkers and the Center for Inquiry-Canada, offers a guide to help readers learn how to question the beliefs and assumptions of others, spot faulty reasoning, and hold people accountable. He shows how individuals can analyze their own thoughts, ideas, and beliefs, and understand why others might have opposing views, and challenge those views using tools and ideas of critical thinking, such as argument, biases, context, diagramming arguments, evidence, and fallacies. He describes the methods of Socrates and the ancient Skeptics and how they can be applied to today's questions, and applications of the tools and methods to different answers to five key questions about what can be known, existence, the nature of humanity, ethics, and the afterlife, which reveal the core of a person's beliefs. Annotation ©2011 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Arvustused

""Teaches how to analyze your own thoughts, ideas and beliefs, and to understand why you act on them, as well as understanding others who might hold opposing views. In this regard, it can open doors to your mind that are extremely helpful. -Bookviews

This comprehensive, lively and entertaining book...could become the foundation for a course in critical thinking. It provides a solid introduction to elementary logic, epistemology, the philosophy of religion and findings in evolutionary biology and biosociology. Recommended. -CHOICE

Offers a fun yet specific approach to developing critical thinking processes and provides tools that allow readers to identify and question assumptions and belief systems. -Midwest Book Review

Preface 11(2)
Introduction. Why Become a Really Good Pain in the Ass? 13(10)
PART 1 THE TOOLS OF THE TRADE: THE ABCs (AND DEFs) OF CRITICAL THINKING
23(152)
Chapter 1 A Is for Argument
25(19)
Why an Argument Is Like a House
26(4)
Deductive and Inductive Reasoning
30(2)
A Bit of History on Deduction
32(2)
Forms of Deductive Arguments (Valid)
34(4)
Modus Ponens (Affirming the Antecedent)
34(2)
Modus Tollens (Denying the Consequent)
36(1)
Disjunctive Argument
36(1)
Hypothetical Argument
37(1)
Predicate Instantiation
38(1)
Forms of Deductive Arguments (Invalid)
38(2)
Fallacy of Affirming the Consequent
38(1)
Fallacy of Denying the Antecedent
39(1)
Validity/Invalidity and Intuitive Insight
40(1)
Inductive Reasoning
40(4)
Chapter 2 B Is for Biases
44(33)
Biases from Biological Influences
46(14)
Genetic Influences
46(4)
Neuropsychological Influences
50(2)
Emotions
52(4)
Sex, Health, and Biological Equilibrium
56(2)
Biological Equilibrium
58(2)
Cultural Influences
60(17)
Memes
60(1)
Memetic Equilibrium
61(2)
Social Biases
63(8)
Biases Are Filters of Information
71(4)
Biases and Fairness
75(2)
Chapter 3 C Is for Context: Time, Place, and Circumstance
77(10)
Context, Bias, and Fairness
83(2)
The Rules of Fair Play for Critical Thinking
85(2)
Chapter 4 D Is for Diagramming
87(14)
Chapter 5 E Is for Evidence
101(24)
Information Constraints
103(4)
Personal Experience as Anecdotal Evidence
107(2)
Legal Testimony
109(1)
Intuition
110(1)
Scientific Evidence
110(1)
The Scientific Method in Six Easy Steps
111(3)
Scientific Studies: Asking the Right Questions
114(1)
Evidence and Criteria
115(2)
The Three Laws of Thought
117(1)
The Law of Identity
118(1)
The Law of Noncontradiction
119(1)
The Law of Excluded Middle
120(5)
Chapter 6 F Is for Fallacies
125(50)
Ad Hoc Rescue
128(1)
Ad Hominem
129(3)
Ad Ignorantiam
132(4)
Appeal to Authority
136(3)
Ad Populum or Appeal to Popularity
139(1)
Appeal to Emotions
140(1)
Appeal to Force
141(2)
Begging the Question
143(1)
Confirmation Bias
144(5)
Common Cause
149(1)
Confusing Cause and Effect
150(1)
Disanalogy
151(3)
Equivocation
154(2)
Extraordinary Claims Fallacy
156(2)
False Dichotomy
158(1)
Hasty Conclusion
159(1)
Language Problems
160(1)
Euphemisms
161(1)
Vagueness and Ambiguity
162(3)
Post Hoc Fallacy
165(2)
Red Herring
167(1)
The Slippery Slope Fallacy
168(2)
Strawman
170(1)
Tu Quoque Fallacy
171(4)
Summary of Part I The ABCs (and DEFs) of Critical Thinking
173(2)
PART 2 THE BEST DAMN PAINS IN THE ASS IN HISTORY
175(42)
Chapter 7 The Method of Socrates and the Modes of the Ancient Skeptics
177(40)
The Socratic Method
178(11)
The Modes of the Ancient Skeptics
189(7)
The Gold in the Dark Room Example
196(4)
Ten Modes Dealing with Conflicting Perceptions and Observations
200(4)
Five Modes Dealing with the Proofs of Dogmatists
204(4)
The Munchhausen Trilemma
208(1)
The Practical Criterion
209(3)
The Legacies of Socrates and the Ancient Skeptics: A Checklist
212(5)
Big T Truth and little t truth
213(1)
The Method and the Modes
213(1)
Whip Out Your Reality Measuring Stick
214(1)
Show Us Your Assumptions!
214(1)
Blind Ignorance
215(1)
Reflective Ignorance
215(2)
PART 3 ANSWERING THE BIG FIVE: PREAMBLE
217(124)
Chapter 8 What Can I Know?
227(18)
The Natural Response
228(11)
The Relations of Natural Systems (RNS)
230(2)
The Relations of Cultural Systems (RCS)
232(1)
The Onion Skin Theory of Knowledge (OSTOK)
233(6)
What Can I Know?
239(1)
The Supernatural Response
239(6)
What Can I Know?
241(4)
Chapter 9 Why Am I Here?
245(17)
The Natural Response
246(5)
The Supernatural Response
251(11)
Chapter 10 What Am I?
262(25)
The Natural Response
263(18)
Fossils and Hominin Lineage
270(2)
Climatology/Meteorology/Migration/Tools
272(1)
The Genetic Evidence
272(2)
The Genographic Project
274(1)
Some Inferences
275(6)
The Supernatural Response
281(6)
Chapter 11 How Should I Behave?
287(28)
What Is Ethics?
288(1)
The Natural Response
289(16)
Socialization
290(1)
Human Evolution and Ethics
290(3)
Context
293(1)
Science and Ethics Today
294(1)
Ethics and Free Will
295(4)
A Naturalized Understanding of Ethics
299(2)
Commonalities in Ethics
301(4)
The Supernatural Response
305(10)
Chapter 12 What Is to Come of Me?
315(26)
The Natural Response
316(11)
The Supernatural Response
327(14)
Conclusion 341(10)
Acknowledgments 351(4)
Notes 355(18)
Bibliography 373(10)
Index 383
Christopher W. DiCarlo is a former research scholar at the Stone Age Laboratory, Harvard University, and an advisory fellow for the Centre for Inquiry, Canada.