How To Conduct Surveys: A Step-by-Step Guide 2nd Revised edition [Kõva köide]

Preface		vii
1. Conducting Surveys: Everyone Is Doing It		1	(8)
Overview		1	(1)
What Is a Survey?		1	(1)
When Is a Survey Best?		2	(1)
Questionnaires and Interviews: The Heart of the Matter		3	(4)
A Survey Continuum: From Specific to General Use		7	(2)
2. The Survey Form: Questions, Scales, and Appearance		9	(18)
Overview		9	(1)
The Content Is the Message		9	(1)
Define the Terms		10	(1)
Select Your Information Needs or Hypotheses		10	(1)
Make Sure You Can Get the Information You Need		10	(1)
Do Not Ask for Information Unless You Can Act on It		11	(1)
Writing Items		11	(2)
Organizing Responses to Open-Ended Survey Items: Do You Get Any Satisfaction?		13	(2)
Rules for Writing Survey Items With Forced Choices		15	(3)
Types of Responses for Survey Items With Forced Choices		18	(4)
Additive Scales		22	(5)
3. Getting It Together: Some Practical Concerns		27	(12)
Overview		27	(1)
Length		28	(1)
Putting Questions in Order		28	(2)
Questionnaire Format: Aesthetics and Other Concerns		30	(1)
Branching Questions, or the Infamous "Skip" Pattern		30	(1)
Administration		31	(2)
The Survey Is Put on Trial		33	(2)
Guidelines for Pilot Testing		35	(1)
Ethics, Privacy, and Confidentiality		36	(3)
4. Sampling		39	(12)
Overview		39	(1)
Sample Size and Response Rate: Who and How Many?		40	(1)
Probability Sampling Methods		41	(2)
Nonprobability Sampling Methods		43	(2)
Finding the Sample		45	(1)
How Large Should Your Sample Be?		45	(5)
Response Rate		50	(1)
5. Survey Design: Environmental Control		51	(8)
Overview		51	(1)
What Designs Are Available?		51	(1)
Cross-Sectional Survey Designs		52	(1)
Longitudinal Surveys		53	(2)
Comparison Group Survey Designs: Quasi- and True Experiments		55	(1)
Other Survey Designs: Normative and Case Control		56	(3)
6. Analyzing Data From Surveys		59	(20)
Overview		59	(1)
What Is Typical Anyway? Some Commonly Used Methods for Analyzing Survey Data		60	(2)
Putting the Horse in Front of the Cart: Selecting Analysis Methods		62	(3)
A Technical Interlude		65	(9)
Statistical Significance		74	(5)
7. Presenting the Survey Results		79	(10)
Overview		79	(1)
Reproducing the Questionnaire		79	(1)
Using Tables		80	(1)
Drawing Pie Diagrams		81	(1)
Using Bar Graphs		82	(1)
Using Line Graphs		82	(1)
Drawing Diagrams or Pictures		83	(1)
Writing the Results of a Survey		83	(3)
The Oral Presentation		86	(3)
Appendix		89	(7)
Table A1 Random Numbers		91	(1)
Table A2 Distribution of F		92	(2)
Table A3 Distribution of t		94	(1)
Table A4 Distribution of X(2)		95	(1)
Bibliography		96	(1)
Index		97	(6)
About the Authors		103

Arlene Fink (PhD) is Professor of Medicine and Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles, and president of the Langley Research Institute. Her main interests include evaluation and survey research and the conduct of research literature reviews as well as the evaluation of their quality. Dr. Fink has conducted scores of evaluation studies in public health, medicine, and education. She is on the faculty of UCLAs Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program and is a scientific and evaluation advisor to UCLAs Gambling Studies and IMPACT (Improving Access, Counseling & Treatment for Californians with Prostate Cancer) programs. She consults nationally and internationally for agencies such as Linstitut de Promotion del la Prévention Secondaire en Addictologie (IPPSA) in Paris, France, and Peninsula Health in Victoria, Australia. Professor Fink has taught and lectured extensively all over the world and is the author of more than 130 peer-reviewed articles and 15 textbooks.