How to Conduct Surveys: A Step-by-Step Guide 3rd Revised edition [Pehme köide]

Preface		ix
1. Conducting Surveys: Everyone Is Doing It		1	(10)
Overview		1	(1)
What Is a Survey?		1	(2)
When Is a Survey Best?		3	(1)
Questionnaires and Interviews: The Heart of the Matter		4	(3)
Survey Types: The Friendly Competition		7	(1)
A Survey Continuum: From Specific to General Use		8	(3)
2. The Survey Form: Questions, Scales, and Appearance		11	(20)
Overview		11	(1)
The Content Is the Message		12	(1)
Define the Terms		12	(1)
Select Your Information Needs or Hypotheses		12	(1)
Make Sure You Can Get the Information Needed		13	(1)
Do Not Ask for Information Unless You Can Act on It		13	(1)
Writing Questions		13	(2)
Organizing Responses to Open-Ended Survey Items: Do You Get Any Satisfaction?		15	(3)
Rules for Writing Closed Survey Questions		18	(3)
Responses for Closed Questions		21	(2)
Rating Scales		23	(8)
3. Getting It Together: Some Practical Concerns		31	(14)
Overview		31	(1)
Length		32	(1)
Putting Questions in Order		32	(2)
Questionnaire Format: Aesthetics and Other Concerns		34	(1)
Branching Questions, or the Infamous "Skip" Pattern		34	(1)
Administration		35	(2)
The Survey Is Put on Trial		37	(3)
Guidelines for Pilot Testing		40	(1)
Ethics, Privacy, and Confidentiality		41	(2)
A Far-Reaching World: Surveys, Language, and Culture		43	(2)
4. Sampling		45	(14)
Overview		45	(1)
Sample Size and Response Rate: Who and How Many?		46	(1)
Probability Sampling Methods		47	(3)
Nonprobability Sampling Methods		50	(1)
Finding the Sample		51	(1)
How Large Should Your Sample Be?		52	(5)
Response Rate		57	(2)
5. Survey Design: Environmental Control		59	(10)
Overview		59	(1)
Which Designs Are Available?		60	(1)
Cross-Sectional Survey Designs		60	(2)
Longitudinal Surveys		62	(1)
Cohort Designs		63	(1)
Panel Designs		63	(1)
Comparison Group Survey Designs: Quasi- and True Experiments		64	(2)
Other Survey Designs: Normative and Case Control		66	(3)
6. Analyzing and Organizing Data From Surveys		69	(22)
Overview		69	(1)
What Is Typical Anyway? Some Commonly Used Methods for Analyzing Survey Data		70	(3)
Putting the Horse in Front of the Cart: Selecting Analysis Methods		73	(3)
Statistical Significance		76	(1)
A Technical Interlude		77	(8)
Data Organization or Management		85	(1)
Creating a Code Book		85	(6)
7. Presenting the Survey Results		91	(12)
Overview		91	(1)
Reproducing the Questionnaire		91	(1)
Using Tables		92	(1)
Drawing Pie Diagrams		93	(1)
Using Bar Graphs		94	(1)
Using Line Graphs		95	(1)
Drawing Diagrams or Pictures		95	(1)
Writing the Results of a Survey		96	(3)
The Oral Presentation		99	(1)
Computerized "Slide" Presentations		99	(1)
Oral Versus Written Reports: A Difference in Conversation		100	(3)
Bibliography		103	(2)
Index		105	(4)
About the Author		109

Arlene Fink (PhD) is Professor of Medicine and Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles, and president of the Langley Research Institute. Her main interests include evaluation and survey research and the conduct of research literature reviews as well as the evaluation of their quality. Dr. Fink has conducted scores of evaluation studies in public health, medicine, and education. She is on the faculty of UCLAs Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program and is a scientific and evaluation advisor to UCLAs Gambling Studies and IMPACT (Improving Access, Counseling & Treatment for Californians with Prostate Cancer) programs. She consults nationally and internationally for agencies such as Linstitut de Promotion del la Prévention Secondaire en Addictologie (IPPSA) in Paris, France, and Peninsula Health in Victoria, Australia. Professor Fink has taught and lectured extensively all over the world and is the author of more than 130 peer-reviewed articles and 15 textbooks.