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How to Find a Habitable Planet [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 368 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x152 mm, kaal: 709 g, 16 color illus. 47 halftones. 25 line illus. 4 tables.
  • Sari: Science Essentials
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jan-2010
  • Kirjastus: Princeton University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0691138052
  • ISBN-13: 9780691138053
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 368 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x152 mm, kaal: 709 g, 16 color illus. 47 halftones. 25 line illus. 4 tables.
  • Sari: Science Essentials
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jan-2010
  • Kirjastus: Princeton University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0691138052
  • ISBN-13: 9780691138053
Teised raamatud teemal:
"Ever since Carl Sagan first predicted that extraterrestrial civilizations must number in the millions, the search for life on other planets has gripped our imagination. Is Earth so rare that advanced life forms like us - or even the simplest biological organisms - are unique to the universe? How to Find a Habitable Planet describes how scientists are testing Sagan's prediction, and demonstrates why Earth may not be so rare after all." "James Kasting has worked closely with NASA in its mission to detect habitable worlds outside our solar system, and in this book he introduces readers to the advanced methodologies being used in this extraordinary quest. He addresses the compelling questions that planetary scientists grapple with today: What exactly makes a planet habitable? What are the signatures of life astronomers should look for when they scan the heavens for habitable worlds?" "In providing answers, Kasting explains why Earth has remained habitable despite a substantial rise in solar luminosity over time, and why our neighbors, Venus and Mars, haven't. If other Earth-sized planets endowed with enough water and carbon are out there, he argues, chances are good that some of those planets sustain life. Kasting describes the efforts under way to find them, and predicts that future discoveries will profoundly alter our view of the universe and our place in it."--BOOK JACKET.

Ever since Carl Sagan first predicted that extraterrestrial civilizations must number in the millions, the search for life on other planets has gripped our imagination. Is Earth so rare that advanced life forms like us--or even the simplest biological organisms--are unique to the universe? How to Find a Habitable Planet describes how scientists are testing Sagan's prediction, and demonstrates why Earth may not be so rare after all. James Kasting has worked closely with NASA in its mission to detect habitable worlds outside our solar system, and in this book he introduces readers to the advanced methodologies being used in this extraordinary quest. He addresses the compelling questions that planetary scientists grapple with today: What exactly makes a planet habitable? What are the signatures of life astronomers should look for when they scan the heavens for habitable worlds? In providing answers, Kasting explains why Earth has remained habitable despite a substantial rise in solar luminosity over time, and why our neighbors, Venus and Mars, haven't. If other Earth-sized planets endowed with enough water and carbon are out there, he argues, chances are good that some of those planets sustain life. Kasting describes the efforts under way to find them, and predicts that future discoveries will profoundly alter our view of the universe and our place in it. This book is a must-read for anyone who has ever dreamed of finding other planets like ours--and perhaps even life like ours--in the cosmos.

Arvustused

This is a very well-written book that serves perfectly as an introduction for the lay reader to astrobiology and the search for life beyond Earth, and it also presents some important and up-to-date material for the specialist researcher. Of particular note for me is Kasting's rebuttal of several aspects of the Rare Earth hypothesis and his discussion of the features that truly are crucial for planetary habitability. -- Lewis Dartnell Times Higher Education How to Find a Habitable Planet will fascinate those who care about the evolution of Earth's climate and wonder about how we will eventually detect life--even simple cellular life--elsewhere. Nature He argues persuasively that Earth's large moon and strong magnetic field are red herrings; neither is a prerequisite for life. The second part of his book is a detailed account of the search for Earth-like exoplanets, and prospects for future success. New Scientist Kasting, a key planner for future NASA missions seeking Earth-like exoplanets, possesses a deep understanding of all the multifarious complexities that feed into forming--and finding--living worlds. He writes about these topics, for all their profundity, with remarkable precision and clarity, drawing clear linkages between what we observe through telescopes with what we see right here, in the only biosphere we know. How to Find a Habitable Planet is a canonical guide to the probable future of humanity's search for life elsewhere in the Universe. SEED Magazine A 'popular textbook', low on speculation but high on nuts-and-bolts science, it covers everything from the habitable zones around other stars to how to find other Earths. If I had to choose just one of these books, it would be Kasting's. -- Marcus Chown BBC Focus Magazine Written in a clear and often conversational style--and infused throughout with Kasting's personal optimism regarding the existence of, and our ability to detect, habitable and inhabited worlds beyond our own--this is an informative and worthwhile read for anyone who looks to the stars and wonders if there is anybody out there. -- Tori M. Hoehler Nature Geoscience As Kasting shows in his technical but readable How to Find a Habitable Planet, we are making rapid progress in discovering planets around distant stars--almost 500 so far. -- Clive Cookson Financial Times Kasting's book ... is a readable guide to the many things we have just begun to understand about a solar system. -- Tim Radford The Guardian A concise yet thorough scientific explanation of how we can narrow down the search [ for habitable planets]... Kasting is a world leader in planetary habitability and works closely with NASA. He gives insight into the latest technology being used to hunt for habitable plants, describes the signatures of life that scientists are looking for and makes his predictions for the future of the field... Thorough and interesting. Cosmos Magazine An excellent book on a fascinating topic. Choice Even if you were not interested in finding intelligence elsewhere in the universe, How to Find a Habitable Planet provides an excellent and accessible account of the formation and history of our own planet, and indeed our solar system. -- John Gribbin Literary Review In How to Find a Habitable Planet, James Kasting begins by describing various factors that geophysicists, astrobiologists and others have deemed necessary (or at least desirable) for producing planets capable of supporting life... How to Find a Habitable Planet offers an eloquent explanation of why such a mission would still be desirable. Physics World [ Kasting is] an excellent writer, capable of breaking down complex topics into clear and accessible pieces. That skill makes this first-of-its-kind book not just unique but probably indispensible for students and armchair planetologists. -- Charlene Brusso Ad Astra

Muu info

A fascinating read--everything you need to know about habitable worlds. -- Sara Seager, Massachusetts Institute of Technology I very much enjoyed reading this book. Kasting writes clearly and explains the issues in an easy-to-follow manner. I learned several new things from this book. I will certainly recommend it to colleagues and students. -- Christopher McKay, NASA Ames Research Center We now know quite a bit about planets, and a lot of this knowledge has arrived relatively recently. This book is right up to date. Kasting was directly involved in work that defined the overall technological and scientific goals for upcoming NASA missions to detect potentially habitable worlds beyond our solar system. How to Find a Habitable Planet is a significant contribution to the field. -- Gregory Laughlin, University of California, Santa Cruz
Preface xi
Part I: Introduction
1(14)
Past Thinking about Earth-Like Planets and Life
3(12)
The Habitable Zone and the Importance of Liquid Water
5(4)
Carl Sagan and the Drake Equation
9(2)
Other Perspectives on Planetary Habitability: Rare Earth and Gaia
11(4)
Part II: Our Habitable Planet Earth
15(82)
Critical Updates on How Planets Are Built
17(15)
The Conventional Wisdom regarding Planet Formation
18(3)
Where Did Earth's Water Come From?
21(2)
New Models for Planetary Accretion and Delivery of Water
23(2)
Could Earth's Water Have Come from Comets?
25(3)
An Up-to-Date Simulation of Planetary Accretion
28(4)
Long-Term Climate Stability
32(25)
Solar Evolution Theory
32(4)
Solar Mass Loss?
36(1)
Electromagnetic Radiation and the Greenhouse Effect
37(4)
Planetary Energy Balance
41(1)
The Faint Young Sun Problem
42(3)
Possible Solutions to the Problem
45(4)
The Carbonate-Silicate Cycle and Controls on Atmospheric CO2
49(4)
The CO2-Climate Feedback Loop
53(4)
More Wrinkles in Earth's Climate History
57(23)
The Phanerozoic Climate Record
58(5)
Precambrian Climate
63(2)
Geologic Evidence for the Rise of Atmospheric O2
65(3)
Cause of the O2 Rise: Cyanobacteria
68(3)
Methane, Methanogens, and the Universal Tree of Life
71(4)
The Archean Methane Greenhouse
75(2)
The Paleoproterozoic Glaciation
77(3)
Runaway Glaciation and ``Snowball Earth''
80(17)
Milankovitch Cycles and the Recent Ice Ages
81(5)
Ice Albedo Feedback and Climatic Instability
86(2)
Evidence for Low-Latitude Glaciation
88(2)
Mechanisms for Explaining Low-Latitude Glaciation
90(2)
Snowball Earth
92(5)
Part III: Limits to Planetary Habitability
97(98)
Runaway Greenhouses and the Evolution of Venus' Atmosphere
99(17)
The History of Water on Venus
100(3)
The Classical Runaway Greenhouse Effect
103(3)
An Alternative Runaway Greenhouse Model
106(5)
Evolution of Venus' Atmosphere
111(5)
The Future Evolution of Earth
116(9)
High-CO2 Atmospheres and Temperature Limits for Life
116(2)
Future Solar Evolution and Lifetime of the Biosphere
118(3)
A Geoengineering Solution to Solar Luminosity Increases
121(4)
The Martian Climate Puzzle
125(22)
Evidence for Liquid Water near Mars' Surface
126(4)
CH4 in Mars' Atmosphere?
130(1)
Evidence That Water Flowed in Mars' Distant Past
131(4)
When Did the Martian Valleys Form?
135(1)
How Warm Was Early Mars?
136(2)
Mechanisms for Warming Early Mars
138(6)
Where Are the Carbonates?
144(3)
Is the Earth Rare?
147(24)
Planetary Size / Magnetic Fields
147(5)
Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation
152(3)
Availability of Nitrogen and the Importance of N2
155(2)
Is Plate Tectonics Common?
157(4)
A Planet's Impact Environment
161(3)
Stabilization of Earth's Obliquity by the Moon
164(7)
Habitable Zones around Stars
171(24)
Historical Attempts to Define the Habitable Zone
171(5)
A More Modern Model for the Habitable Zone around the Sun
176(3)
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams and Main Sequence Stars
179(2)
Habitable Zones around Other Stars
181(4)
Problems for Planets Orbiting Early-Type Stars
185(3)
Problems for Planets Orbiting Late-Type Stars
188(3)
Further Extensions of the Habitable Zone Concept
191(1)
The Galactic Habitable Zone
192(3)
Part IV: How to Find Another Earth
195(104)
Indirect Detection of Planets around Other Stars
197(24)
Barnard's Star
198(1)
The Astrometric Method
199(6)
Pulsar Planets
205(2)
The Doppler Effect
207(3)
The Radial Velocity Method
210(6)
Gravitational Microlensing
216(5)
Finding and Characterizing Planets by Using Transits
221(18)
Transits of Mercury and Venus
221(1)
Transits of Extrasolar ``Hot Jupiters''
222(5)
Space-Based Transit Searches: CoRoT and Kepler
227(2)
Observing Exoplanet Atmospheres during Transits
229(4)
Secondary Transit Spectroscopy
233(2)
Characterizing Earth-Like Planets around M Stars
235(4)
Direct Detection of Extrasolar Planets
239(19)
What Wavelength Region Should We Choose?
240(5)
Infrared Interferometers: TPF-I and Darwin
245(3)
Searching for Planets at Visible Wavelengths: TPF-C
248(5)
The Visible Occulter: TPF-O
253(1)
Nearby Target Stars
254(4)
The Spectroscopic Search for Life
258(26)
Spectral Resolution
259(1)
The Visible/Near-IR Region: TPF-C or -O
260(6)
The Thermal-IR Region: TPF-I or Darwin
266(3)
Looking for Life on Early Earth-Type Planets
269(2)
Possible False Positives for Life
271(3)
Polarization Measurements: Looking for the Glint of Surface Water
274(2)
The Holy Grail: Simultaneous Detection of O2 and Reduced Gases
276(8)
Prospects for the More Distant Future
284(15)
NASA's Life Finder Mission
284(3)
Using the Sun as a Gravitational Lens
287(3)
The Drake Equation Revisited: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
290(9)
Notes 299(18)
Index 317
James Kasting is Distinguished Professor of Geosciences at Pennsylvania State University. He is a renowned expert in planetary atmospheric evolution and is actively involved in the search by NASA for habitable planets outside our solar system. He is the coauthor of the introductory textbook "The Earth System".