Human Biology [Pehme köide]

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF LIFE		2	(116)
National Geographic videos: The Incredible Human Machine Stem Cell Research
What is Life?		2	(24)
Living organisms display nine specific characteristics		4	(2)
I Wonder: Are Viruses Considered Living Organisms?		5	(1)
Living things must maintain homeostasis		6	(3)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Homeostasis and blood chemistry		8	(1)
Biological organization is based on structure		9	(3)
Biological classification is logical		12	(3)
Scientists approach questions using the scientific method		15	(5)
Ethics and Issues: Global Warming---a human solution to a human problem?		18	(2)
Scientific findings often lead to ethical dilemmas		20	(6)
Everyday Chemistry of Life		26	(34)
Life has a unique chemistry		28	(2)
I Wonder: Do I Need to Take Dietary Supplements to Stay Healthy? Will They Help Me Lose Weight?		29	(1)
Atomic structure is the foundation of life		30	(4)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Radioisotopes in science and medicine		32	(2)
Chemistry is a story of bonding		34	(3)
Water is life's essential chemical		37	(2)
Hydrogen ion concentration affects chemical properties		39	(2)
There are four main categories of organic chemicals		41	(19)
Ethics and Issues: Aging: making the most of a natural biological process		45	(15)
Cells, Organization, and Communication		60	(32)
The cell is highly organized		62	(3)
I Wonder: How can you see cells?		64	(1)
The cell membrane isolates the cell		65	(7)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: The Science of Intravenous Fluids		70	(2)
The components of a cell are called organelles		72	(11)
Cell communication and cell division are important to cellular success		83	(9)
Ethics and Issues: Should we try to cure deadly diseases with embryonic stem cells?		85	(7)
Tissues		92	(26)
Cells are the building blocks of tissues		94	(12)
I Wonder: What is arthritis?		102	(2)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Are we making progress in the struggle against cancer?		104	(2)
Organization increases with organs, organ systems, and the organism		106	(4)
Ethics and Issues: Should we, could we, grow new organs?		108	(2)
Scientistis use a road map to the human body		110	(8)
UNIT 2: MOVEMENT THROUGH THE ENVIRONMENT		118	(136)
National Geographic videos: Hugh Herr: A Man with Robotic Limbs The Search for Adam
The Skeletal System		118	(38)
The skeletal system is a dynamic living system		120	(4)
Ossification forms bone, and remodeling continues to shape it		124	(7)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Healing broken bones		130	(1)
The axial skeleton is the center of things		131	(7)
Ethics and Issues: How to confront the osteoporosis crisis		137	(1)
Your limbs comprise your appendicular skeleton		138	(9)
I Wonder: How do forensic scientists learn about someone's movement from the bones?		144	(3)
Joints link the skeletal system together		147	(9)
The Muscular System		156	(30)
The muscular system has many functions		158	(1)
Skeletal muscles are contractile organs		159	(8)
Muscle contraction occurs as filaments slide past one another		167	(5)
Whole-muscle contractions emerge from tiny impulses		172	(3)
Muscles require energy to work smoothly and powerfully		175	(11)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Muscle fatigue, muscle woes		178	(1)
I Wonder: What are the holistic benefits of physical exercise?		179	(1)
Ethics and Issues: The dangers of steroid hormones		180	(6)
The Nervous System		186	(42)
The nervous system makes sense of everything		188	(2)
The nervous system is categorized by function and structure		190	(3)
Nerve tissue is made of neurons and glial cells		193	(1)
Neurons work through action potentials		194	(8)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Psychoactive drugs: getting a good reception at the synapse		201	(1)
The brain and spinal cord are central to the nervous system		202	(16)
I Wonder: What happens when we learn?		210	(6)
Ethics and Issues: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: does drug treatment make sense?		216	(2)
The peripheral nervous system operates beyond the central nervous system		218	(10)
The Special Senses		228	(26)
The special senses tell us about our environment		230	(9)
I Wonder: What is the role of odor in emotional communication?		232	(7)
Vision is our most acute sense		239	(8)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: What are the most common visual impairments?		243	(4)
The special senses are our connection to the outside world		247	(7)
Ethics and Issues: Being born deaf is not always considered a disability		249	(5)
UNIT 3: PROTECTION FROM THE ENVIRONMENT		254	(70)
National Geographic video: Guns, Germs, and Steel
Defense Against Disease: Stress, Nonspecific Immunity, and the Integumentary System		254	(28)
What is stress?		256	(2)
The general adaptation syndrome helps overcome stress		258	(3)
The skin is the primary physical barrier		261	(11)
Ethics and Issues: Skin and society: beauty is only skin deep		264	(2)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Skin Cancer		266	(4)
I Wonder: Could I be falsely accused based on fingerprint identification?		270	(2)
We have other innate physical barriers		272	(2)
Chemical barriers can defeat bacteria		274	(2)
Other classes of innate defenses alter the environment around the pathogen		276	(6)
The Lymphatic System and Specific Immunity		282	(42)
The lymphatic system is the center of our immune response		284	(9)
I Wonder: When I was diagnosed with mononucleosis, why was I told not to jump around?		290	(3)
Specific immunity relies on a deadly series of cells		293	(10)
Immunity can be acquired actively or passively		303	(3)
Viruses and bacteria cause disease in different ways		306	(6)
Ethics and Issues: Are antibiotics being overused on the farm?		309	(3)
AIDS and HIV attack the immune system		312	(6)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Lessons of the AIDS epidemic		316	(2)
Infectious disease is a global issue		318	(6)
UNIT 4: THRIVING WITHIN THE ENVIRONMENT		324	(152)
National Geographic video: High Altitude Peoples
The Cardiovascular System		324	(42)
The heart ensures continual, 24/7 nutrient delivery		326	(9)
Blood vessels and capillary transport involve miles of sophisticated plumbing		335	(5)
Ethics and Issues: Ethics of heart replacement		338	(2)
Different circulatory pathways have specific purposes		340	(3)
Cardiovascular disorders have life-threatening consequences		343	(5)
I Wonder: Why do trained athletes have heart attacks?		347	(1)
Blood consists of plasma, cells, and other formed elements		348	(10)
Blood can suffer many disorders		358	(8)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Sickle cell anemia		360	(6)
The Respiratory System: Movement of Air		366	(38)
The respiratory system provides us with essential gas exchange as well as vocalization		368	(14)
I Wonder: Why are asthma rates going up?		380	(2)
In order to respire, air must be moved in and out of the respiratory system		382	(5)
External respiration brings supplies for internal respiration		387	(3)
Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide requires hemoglobin and plasma		390	(3)
Respiratory health is critical to survival		393	(11)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: why are chronic bronchitis and emphysema so deadly?		395	(2)
Ethics and Issues: Tobacco, the universal poison		397	(7)
The Digestive System		404	(40)
Nutrients are life-sustaining		406	(10)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Atkins diet: will eliminating carbohydrates help me lose weight?		410	(6)
The digestive system processes food from start to finish		416	(17)
Digestion is both mechanical and chemical		433	(3)
Nutritional health and eating disorders: You truly are what you eat		436	(8)
Ethics and Issues: What is an ideal weight? How far should you go to look skinny?		437	(1)
I Wonder: Are E. coli bacteria hazardous to my health?		438	(6)
The Urinary System		444	(32)
The urinary system filters, transports, and stores waste products		446	(6)
Urine is formed through filtration and osmosis		452	(6)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: How much water should I drink?		454	(4)
Urine is transported to the bladder for storage		458	(4)
The urinary system maintains the body's water-salt balance		462	(4)
I Wonder: Why do they keep telling me to cut down on salt?		464	(2)
The kidneys help maintain the blood's acid-base balance		466	(2)
Life-threatening diseases affect the urinary system		468	(8)
Ethics and Issues: How does a urine test prove drug abuse?		469	(7)
UNIT 5: POPULATING THE ENVIRONMENT		476	(112)
National Geographic video: The Incredible Human Machine: The Miracle of Conception
The Endocrine System and Development		476	(34)
Hormones are chemical messengers		478	(5)
The endocrine glands secrete directly into the bloodstream		483	(17)
Ethics and Issues: Is being short a disease? what are the ethics of human growth hormone?		488	(6)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Diabetes: what is it, and why is it so common?		494	(4)
I Wonder: Can I figure out my own basal metabolic rate?		498	(2)
Development takes us from infancy to adulthood		500	(10)
The Reproductive Systems: Maintaining the Species		510	(42)
Survival of the species depends on reproduction and gamete formation		512	(3)
Structures of the male reproductive system produce and store sperm		515	(11)
The female reproductive system is responsible for housing and nourishing the developing baby		526	(11)
I Wonder: Can PMS really cause mood swings and emotional outbursts?		534	(3)
The orgasm is a moment of emotional and physiological epiphany		537	(1)
Sexually transmitted diseases can be a side effect of sexual contact		538	(2)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: STDs: The science of prevention		539	(1)
There are many birth control choices, none of them perfect		540	(12)
Ethics and Issues: Should we clone humans?		546	(6)
Pregnancy: Development from embryo to newborn		552	(36)
Fertilization creates an entire diploid genome		554	(4)
I Wonder: What causes twins, and how do they contribute to the study of genetics and human development?		556	(2)
The fertilized egg becomes a blastocyst		558	(4)
The embryonic stage is marked by growth and differentiation		562	(8)
Fetal development occupies the second and third trimesters		570	(7)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Why are drug regulators so cautious about the effects of drugs on the unborn?		572	(5)
Labor initiates the end of pregnancy and the beginning of infancy		577	(11)
Ethics and Issues: Prematurity: how young is too young?		580	(8)
UNIT 6: ADAPTING TO AND AFFECTING THE ENVIRONMENT		588	(120)
National Geographic video: Strange Days on Planet Earth: Saharan Dust
Inheritance, Genetics, and Molecular Biology		588	(40)
Plant and animal traits are inherited in specific patterns		590	(5)
Modern genetics uncovers a more complicated picture		595	(4)
The central dogma of genetics is still accurate		599	(3)
Genetic counseling puts genetic theory to practical use		602	(7)
I Wonder: Why are tortoise shell cats always female?		604	(4)
Ethics and Issues: Ethics of prenatal genetic testing		608	(1)
Biotechnology and DNA: The facts, the pros, and the cons		609	(19)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Are genetically modified foods safe for the environment? Are they healthy to eat?		617	(11)
Evolution		628	(36)
The theory of evolution through natural selection is the foundation of biology		630	(6)
I Wonder: How did Darwin figure out his theory of evolution?		634	(2)
Evolution is backed by abundant evidence		636	(8)
Natural selection has far-reaching effects on populations		644	(3)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Does environmental change cause civilizations to disappear?		646	(1)
Mass extinctions can be followed by regrowth		647	(3)
Ethics and Issues: Why should endangered species matter to me?		648	(2)
Amazingly, a planet forms and life begins		650	(6)
The human family tree is a confusing one		656	(8)
Ecology and Societal Issues		664	(44)
Ecosystems define plants and animals living together		667	(4)
Organisms have specific habitats and niches		671	(2)
Carrying capacity and population growth are regulated by the environment		673	(3)
Organisms are either producers or consumers		676	(2)
Energy flows through an ecosystem while chemicals cycle		678	(17)
Health, Wellness, and Disease: Could vegetarianism help feed the world?		684	(4)
Ethics and Issues: How bad is the freshwater crisis?		688	(7)
Humans have a tremendous impact on the environment		695	(13)
I Wonder: Where does all the garbage go?		697	(11)
Appendix A: Periodic Table		708	(1)
Appendix B: Measurements		709	(2)
Answers to Self Tests		711	(2)
Glossary		713	(19)
Credits		732	(6)
Index		738

Kathleen Ireland currently teaches biology and anatomy and physiology at a private high school on Maui. In the past she was on the faculties of Maui Community College and Iowa State University where she taught both of these courses. In between her current position and her position at Maui CC, Kathleen worked for Prentice Hall as Media Editor in Applied Biology, leading the team that worked on the technology that accompanied all of Ric Martini's textbooks. She has pursued advanced studies in both physiology and education, and has a PhD in Curriculum and Instructional Technology, Science Education. David Tenenbaum has an MA in Science Writing from the University of Wisconsin Madison School of Journalism and Mass Communication. He has written, contributed to and edited many books, including California Geology (McGraw Hill; contributor); Financial Planning in the Bank (edited); Managing Technology (author). He was co winner in 2002 of the Science in Society Award from the National Association of Science Writers for his writing in The Why Files http://whyfiles.org.