In the rapidly evolving era of artificial intelligence (AI), the ways humans interact with AI systems have undergone fundamental transformation, giving rise to a new interdisciplinary fieldHuman-AI Interaction. This represents a paradigm shift beyond the traditional field of Human-Computer Interaction, demanding innovative approaches to address the unique challenges introduced by AI. This book, Human-Centered AI: Advancing Research and Applications in Human-AI Interaction, explores the latest theories, methods, and practices of Human-AI Interaction through the distinctive lens of Human-Centered AI (HCAI). As both a design philosophy and a methodological framework, HCAI places humans at the core of AI development by emphasizing human needs, values, ethics, controllability, capabilities, and experiences. Its goal is to ensure that AI systems empower and augment humans rather than replace or harm them. Positioning Human-AI Interaction within the broader HCAI paradigm, this book advances research and applications in human-AI interaction aimed at realizing HCAIs goals.
Across 27 chapters covering foundational concepts, technologies, research methods, design methods and standards, modeling, and real-world practice in Human-AI Interaction, this book demonstrates how AI can be seamlessly integrated with human needs to create intelligent, ethical, controllable, and user-friendly systems. Through detailed analysis and empirical studies, we aim to equip readers with theoretical frameworks and practical methodologies to create more human-centered AI solutions in an increasingly complex AI landscape. Whether you are a scholar, designer, or industry practitioner, this book will inspire you and enrich your knowledge, empowering you to advance the development of AI while better serving humanity.
Part I. Introduction.
Chapter
1. Human-Centered Human-AI Interaction
(HC-HAII): A Human-Centered AI Perspective.- Part II. Conceptual
Foundations.
Chapter
2. Computational Modeling of Human Cognition and
Behavior.
Chapter
3. Human State Recognition in Human-AI Interaction.-
Chapter
4. Data and Knowledge Dual-driven AI.
Chapter
5. AI-based Human
Intelligence Enhancement.
Chapter
6. Human Factors in Human-AI Interaction.-
Chapter
7. Meaningful Human Control in AI.- Part III. Human-AI Interaction
Technology and Research.
Chapter
8. Brain-Computer Interface and
Brain-Computer Fusion.
Chapter
9. Human-Centered Human-AI Collaboration
(HCHAC).
Chapter
10. Multimodal Interaction with Wearable Computing
Devices.
Chapter
11. Human-AI Interaction in the Metaverse and Virtual
Reality.
Chapter
12. Human-AI Interaction in Assistive Technology.- Part IV.
Human-AI Interaction in Computing.
Chapter
13. Human-centered Explainable
AI.
Chapter
14. Human-centered Perceptual Computing.
Chapter
15. Designing
Nudges and Trust: Toward Ethical and Human-Centered AI.
Chapter
16.
Recommender Systems: A Human-centered AI Perspective.
Chapter
17. Social
Computing: A Human-centered AI Perspective.- Part V. Human-AI Interaction
Design.
Chapter
18. Human AI Interaction Design Standards.
Chapter
19.
Interaction Models and Design Paradigms of Human-AI Interaction.
Chapter
20.
Machine Behavior Design and Management.
Chapter
21. Human-centered Approach
for AI-based Rehabilitation Technology and Accessibility Design.- Part VI.
Human-AI Interaction in Practice.
Chapter
22. Human-centered Collaborative
Automated Driving.
Chapter
23. Patient-centered Intelligent Healthcare.-
Chapter
24. Child-centered AI-assisted Autism Diagnosis and Treatment.-
Chapter
25. Human-centered Design of Educational Metaverses with Virtual-Real
Fusion.
Chapter
26. Pilot-centered Intelligent Civil Aircraft Cockpit.-
Chapter
27. Human-centered Intelligent Manufacturing.
Dr. Wei Xu is Chief Scientist at HCAI Labs in California, USA, and an Adjunct Professor. He previously worked as a Senior Research Scientist and served as Principal Engineer in Human Factors and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) at Intel (USA), where he also chaired the IT HCI Technical Committee, and as a Senior Research Scientist at Boeing (USA). He was a faculty member of the Department of Psychology at Zhejiang University in China. Dr. Xu holds a Ph.D. in Human Factors/HCI and an M.S. in Computer Science, both from Miami University, USA., an M.S. in Engineering Psychology from Zhejiang University, and a B.Eng. in Engineering Physics from China university of Geosciences.
An internationally recognized expert in human factors and HCI, Dr. Xu is an elected Fellow of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA), the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES, USA), and the International Association for Psychological Science (APS). He serves as Senior Editor of IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society and Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems. He also sits on the editorial boards of the International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, and the Journal of Applied Psychology. He is a member of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee on Human-System Interaction (TC159/SC4) and its Standards Drafting Working Group (TC159/SC4/WG6).
With over 35 years of experience spanning academia and leading global IT and aviation companies, Dr. Xu has contributed extensively to research, design, development, and standards development in human factors and HCI. His work has received numerous research and design awards, with applications across multiple aircraft models and computing systems. He has co-developed over 20 human factors/HCI design standards for ISO, Boeing, and Intel, and authored three booksEngineering Psychology, User Experience: Theory and Practice, Human-AI Interaction, and a forthcoming book, Handbook of Human-Centered AI. His papers have been published in core journals of human factors/ergonomics, HCI, psychology, aviation, computer science, and AI.
Since 2018, Dr. Xu has focused on the emerging field of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI). As one of its pioneers, he proposed the technology-human factorsethics (THE) triangle HCAI framework (2019) and advanced the emerging domain of human-AI interaction (2020). He co-authored the influential paper titled Six Human-Centered AI Grand Challenges (2022) with Professors Ben Shneiderman, Gavriel Salvendy, and 23 other international scholars. In recent years, he has introduced multiple frameworks in the HCAI field, including Human-AI Joint Cognitive Systems (2021), Human-AI Joint Cognitive Ecosystems (2022), Intelligent Sociotechnical Systems (iSTS) (2022), the HCAI Methodological Framework (HCAI-MF) (2024), the Hierarchical HCAI (hHCAI) approach (2024), the User Experience 3.0 paradigm framework for HCAI (2024), Human-Centered Human-AI Collaboration (HC-HAC) (2024), and the HCAI Maturity Model (HCAI-MM) (2025). He participated in the development of two ISO standards for AI systems: Ergonomics Issues of Robotic, Intelligent, and Autonomous Systems (ISO 9241-810) (2020) and Ergonomics of Human-Intelligent Systems Interaction (ISO 9241-812) (2024).
