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Humour and Relevance [Kõva köide]

(University of Alicante)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 367 pages, kaal: 835 g
  • Sari: Topics in Humor Research 4
  • Ilmumisaeg: 18-Mar-2016
  • Kirjastus: John Benjamins Publishing Co
  • ISBN-10: 9027202311
  • ISBN-13: 9789027202314
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  • Kõva köide
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 367 pages, kaal: 835 g
  • Sari: Topics in Humor Research 4
  • Ilmumisaeg: 18-Mar-2016
  • Kirjastus: John Benjamins Publishing Co
  • ISBN-10: 9027202311
  • ISBN-13: 9789027202314
Teised raamatud teemal:
This book offers a cognitive-pragmatic, and specifically relevance-theoretic, analysis of different types of humorous discourse, together with the inferential strategies that are at work in the processing of such discourses. The book also provides a cognitive pragmatics description of how addressees obtain humorous effects. Although the inferences at work in the processing of normal, non-humorous discourses are the same as those employed in the interpretation of humour, in the latter case these strategies (and also the accessibility of contextual information) are predicted and manipulated by the speaker (or writer) for the sake of generating humorous effects. The book covers aspects of research on humour such as the incongruity-resolution pattern, jokes and stand-up comedy performances. It also offers an explanation of why ironies are sometimes labelled as humorous, and proposes a model for the translation of humorous discourses, an analysis of humour in multimodal discourses such as cartoons and advertisements, and a brief exploration of possible tendencies in relevance-theoretic research on conversational humour.
Acknowledgement xiii
Introduction xv
Chapter 1 Relevance theory: Cognitive pragmatics of human communication
1(36)
1.1 Introduction: An inferential model of communication
1(2)
1.2 Gricean pragmatics
3(4)
1.3 Manifestness and cognitive environments
7(2)
1.4 Principles and conditions of relevance
9(7)
1.5 Comprehension
16(3)
1.6 Explicit versus implicated interpretations
19(14)
1.7 Social aspects of communication
33(4)
Chapter 2 Relevance theory: General implications for humour research
37(28)
2.1 Introduction: An inferential model of communication
37(3)
2.2 Gricean pragmatics
40(5)
2.3 Manifestness and cognitive environments
45(4)
2.4 Principles and conditions of relevance
49(10)
2.5 Comprehension
59(1)
2.6 Explicit versus implicated interpretations
60(3)
2.7 Social aspects of communication
63(2)
Chapter 3 Incongruity-resolution revisited
65(50)
3.1 Introduction
65(1)
3.2 Background
66(1)
3.3 Theories and classifications
67(12)
3.3.1 Suls' two-stage model
68(5)
3.3.2 Ritchie's forced reinterpretation model
73(2)
3.3.3 Dynel's three-fold classification
75(1)
3.3.4 Koestler's bisociation theory
76(1)
3.3.5 Giora's graded salience hypothesis
76(1)
3.3.6 Raskins SSTH and Attardo and Raskins GTVH
77(2)
3.4 Make-sense frame versus discourse inference
79(7)
3.4.1 Frame
81(2)
3.4.2 Schema
83(1)
3.4.3 Script
84(1)
3.4.4 Make-sense frame
84(2)
3.5 Why is incongruity humorous?
86(4)
3.6 Are incongruity and resolution needed?
90(4)
3.6.1 Incongruity is sufficient
90(1)
3.6.2 Resolution is also necessary
91(1)
3.6.3 Incongruity is solved but persists
92(2)
3.7 Incongruity-resolution and relevance
94(6)
3.8 A new classification of incongruity-resolution patterns
100(15)
3.8.1 [ frame-based incongruity] [ setup] [ discourse-based resolution]
103(1)
3.8.2 [ frame-based incongruity] [ punchline] [ discourse-based resolution]
104(1)
3.8.3 [ frame-based incongruity] [ setup] [ frame-based resolution]
105(1)
3.8.4 [ frame-based incongruity] [ punchline] [ frame-based resolution]
106(1)
3.8.5 [ frame-based incongruity] [ setup] [ implication-based resolution]
106(1)
3.8.6 [ frame-based incongruity] [ punchline] [ implication-based resolution]
107(1)
3.8.7 [ discourse-based incongruity] [ setup] [ discourse-based resolution]
108(1)
3.8.8 [ discourse-based incongruity] [ punchline] [ discourse-based resolution]
109(1)
3.8.9 [ discourse-based incongruity] [ setup] [ frame-based resolution]
110(1)
3.8.10 [ discourse-based incongruity] [ punchline] [ frame-based resolution]
111(1)
3.8.11 [ discourse-based incongruity] [ setup] [ implication-based resolution]
111(1)
3.8.12 [ discourse-based incongruity] [ punchline] [ implication-based resolution]
112(3)
Chapter 4 The intersecting circles model of humorous communication
115(36)
4.1 Introduction
115(2)
4.2 Utterance interpretation as mutual parallel adjustment
117(2)
4.3 Make-sense frames and interaction
119(1)
4.4 Cultural frames
120(1)
4.5 Mind reading and predicted humorous effects
121(1)
4.6 Make-sense frames and cultural frames in joke interpretation
122(3)
4.7 Towards a new typology of jokes: The Intersecting Circles Model
125(13)
4.7.1 Type 1: Make-sense frame + cultural frame + utterance interpretation
126(1)
4.7.2 Type 2: Make-sense frame + cultural frame
127(1)
4.7.3 Type 3: Make-sense frame + utterance interpretation
128(4)
4.7.4 Type 4: Make-sense frame
132(1)
4.7.5 Type 5: Cultural frame + utterance interpretation
132(1)
4.7.6 Type 6: Cultural frame
132(1)
4.7.7 Type 7: Utterance interpretation
133(1)
4.7.7.1 Logical form
133(1)
4.7.7.2 Disambiguation
134(1)
4.7.7.3 Conceptual adjustment
135(1)
4.7.7.4 Reference assignment
136(1)
4.7.7.5 Higher-level explicatures
137(1)
4.8 Humorous effects as mutual parallel adjustment
138(1)
4.9 On punning
139(12)
Chapter 5 Stand-up comedy monologues
151(40)
5.1 Introduction: Can relevance theory study social issues of communication?
151(1)
5.2 Cultural representations
152(3)
5.3 Some useful dichotomies
155(11)
5.3.1 Mental versus public
155(1)
5.3.2 Representations versus beliefs
156(2)
5.3.3 Individual versus mutually manifest
158(4)
5.3.4 Strengthening versus challenging
162(3)
5.3.5 Personal versus metarepresented cultural
165(1)
5.4 Cultural spread
166(6)
5.4.1 The memetic stance
167(1)
5.4.2 The epidemiological stance
168(2)
5.4.3 Neither duplication nor mutation
170(2)
5.5 Stand-up comedy
172(19)
5.5.1 Expectations
174(1)
5.5.1.1 On the comedian
174(1)
5.5.1.2 On the audience
175(1)
5.5.1.3 On humorous strategies
176(1)
5.5.2 Specific strategies by comedians
177(1)
5.5.2.1 Layering and relating concepts
177(3)
5.5.2.2 Implicatures and the audiences responsibility
180(1)
5.5.2.3 Assumptions from processing previous discourse
181(2)
5.5.2.4 Playing with collective cultural representations
183(8)
Chapter 6 Humorous ironies
191(46)
6.1 Introduction
191(2)
6.2 Irony, echo and dissociative attitude
193(5)
6.2.1 Dissociative attitude
194(2)
6.2.2 Echo
196(2)
6.3 Contextual inappropriateness
198(5)
6.3.1 Contextual source A: General encyclopaedic knowledge
198(1)
6.3.2 Contextual source B: Specific encyclopaedic knowledge on the speaker
199(1)
6.3.3 Contextual source C: Knowledge, still stored in the hearer's short-term memory, of events or actions which have just taken place or have taken place very recently
200(1)
6.3.4 Contextual source D: Previous utterances in the same conversation or coming from previous conversations; utterances which were said before (or some time in the past)
200(1)
6.3.5 Contextual source E: Speaker's nonverbal behaviour
201(1)
6.3.6 Contextual source F: Lexical or grammatical choices by the speaker which work as linguistic cues about the speaker's ironic intention
202(1)
6.3.7 Contextual source G: Information coming from the physical area which surrounds the interlocutors during the conversation
203(1)
6.4 Multiple activation and processing effort
203(5)
6.5 Dual stage, direct access, graded salience and relevance
208(8)
6.6 Irony, metarepresentation and epistemic vigilance
216(3)
6.7 Irony and humour
219(18)
6.7.1 Dissociative attitude plus humour
221(3)
6.7.2 Humour-triggering features
224(2)
6.7.3 Humour in irony as second-order metarepresentation
226(11)
Chapter 7 Humour and translation
237(30)
7.1 Translation and relevance
237(3)
7.2 A Chart of cases of translatability from combined scenarios
240(10)
7.2.1 First parameter: Cultural scenario
241(2)
7.2.2 Second parameter: Semantic scenario
243(1)
7.2.3 Third parameter: Pragmatic scenario
244(6)
7.3 Examples of translations of jokes
250(13)
7.4 Proposal of a relevance-theoretic `itinerary' for the translation of jokes
263(4)
Chapter 8 Multimodal humour: The case of cartoons in the press
267(32)
8.1 Introduction
267(1)
8.2 Cartoons: Combining text and image
268(10)
8.2.1 Inferring from texts and images in cartoons
269(2)
8.2.2 Visual explicatures and visual implicatures
271(1)
8.2.3 Visual metaphors in cartoons
272(6)
8.3 Inferring from cartoons
278(4)
8.4 Some examples
282(17)
Chapter 9 Multimodal humour: The case of advertisements
299(22)
9.1 Introduction: Advertising
299(2)
9.2 Advertising and humour
301(3)
9.3 Relevance, advertising and humour
304(17)
9.3.1 Punning in advertising
310(8)
9.3.2 Social/cultural representations in advertising
318(3)
Chapter 10 A note on conversational humour
321(10)
10.1 Introduction: Relevance and conversation
321(1)
10.2 Conversation and humour
322(3)
10.3 Relevance, conversation and humour
325(6)
References 331(30)
Name Index 361(4)
Subject Index 365