Hybrid Nanofluids: Preparation, Characterization and Applications presents the history of hybrid nanofluids, preparation techniques, thermoelectrical properties, rheological behaviors, optical properties, theoretical modeling and correlations, and the effect of all these factors on potential applications, such as solar energy, electronics cooling, heat exchangers, machining, and refrigeration. Future challenges and future work scope have also been included. The information from this book enables readers to discover novel techniques, resolve existing research limitations, and create novel hybrid nanofluids which can be implemented for heat transfer applications.
- Describes the characterization, thermophysical and electrical properties of nanofluids
- Assesses parameter selection and property measurement techniques for the calibration of thermal performance
- Provides information on theoretical models and correlations for predicting hybrid nanofluids properties from experimental properties
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ix | |
| Preface |
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xi | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
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Chapter 1 Introduction to hybrid nanofluids |
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1 | (32) |
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2 | (8) |
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1.2 Preparation of hybrid nanofluids |
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10 | (3) |
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1.3 Properties of hybrid nanofluids |
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13 | (6) |
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1.4 Applications of hybrid nanofluids |
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19 | (3) |
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1.5 Challenges and outlook |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (10) |
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23 | (10) |
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Chapter 2 Preparation and stability of hybrid nanofluids |
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33 | (32) |
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33 | (4) |
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2.2 Stability of nanofluids |
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37 | (20) |
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2.3 Challenges and outlook |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (7) |
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59 | (6) |
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Chapter 3 Thermophysical, electrical, magnetic, and dielectric properties of hybrid nanofluids |
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65 | (28) |
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3.1 Thermophysical properties |
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65 | (22) |
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87 | (6) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (5) |
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Chapter 4 Hydrothermal properties of hybrid nanofluids |
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93 | (18) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (3) |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (1) |
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4.6 Fouling factor of nanofluid |
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101 | (4) |
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4.7 Conclusions and challenges |
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105 | (6) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (5) |
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Chapter 5 Rheological behavior of hybrid nanofluids |
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111 | (20) |
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111 | (2) |
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5.2 Experimental and numerical studies on rheology |
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113 | (4) |
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5.3 Effects of various parameters on the rheology of hybrid nanofluids |
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117 | (5) |
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5.4 Conclusion and future outlook |
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122 | (9) |
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123 | (8) |
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Chapter 6 Radiative transport of hybrid nanofluid |
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131 | (18) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (8) |
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140 | (3) |
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6.4 Effect of different parameters on optical properties |
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143 | (1) |
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6.5 Challenges and outlook |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (4) |
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145 | (4) |
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Chapter 7 Theoretical analysis and correlations for predicting properties of hybrid nanofluids |
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149 | (22) |
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149 | (1) |
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7.2 Different theoretical models |
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150 | (2) |
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7.3 Different correlations to predict the properties of hybrid nanofluid |
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152 | (12) |
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7.4 Challenges and summary |
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164 | (7) |
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166 | (5) |
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Chapter 8 Brief overview of the applications of hybrid nanofluids |
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171 | (32) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (5) |
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177 | (4) |
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181 | (4) |
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185 | (3) |
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188 | (2) |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (2) |
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8.9 Challenges and outlook |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (8) |
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196 | (7) |
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Chapter 9 Recent advances in the prediction of thermophysical properties of nanofluids using artificial intelligence |
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203 | (30) |
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203 | (5) |
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9.2 Modeling structure using AI methods |
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208 | (17) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (7) |
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226 | (7) |
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Chapter 10 Challenges and difficulties in developing hybrid nanofluids and way forward |
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233 | (28) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (3) |
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237 | (2) |
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10.4 Safety and environmental concerns |
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239 | (3) |
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242 | (2) |
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10.6 Degradation of original properties |
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244 | (1) |
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10.7 Increased friction factor, pumping power, and pressure drop |
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245 | (3) |
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10.8 Selecting suitable hybrid nanofluids |
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248 | (1) |
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10.9 Predicting models for thermophysical properties |
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248 | (4) |
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10.10 Challenges and outlook |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (8) |
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254 | (7) |
| Index |
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261 | |
Dr. Zafar Said is currently working as a Distinguished Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the United Arab Emirates University, UAE. He received his doctoral degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Malaya, Malaysia, and completed his postdoctoral research at Khalifa University, UAE. Dr. Said is a recognized leader in energy technology, nanofluids, and sustainable energy. His major areas of interest include heat transfer, solar energy systems, and advanced thermofluids. His research focuses on battery thermal management, enhancement of solar collectors using nanofluids and turbulators, and the development of stable nanorefrigerants and nanolubricants. He also applies artificial intelligence and machine learning to predict thermophysical properties and optimize energy systems. He is the recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Khalifa Award for Education as Distinguished University Professor (2025), the Future Pioneer Award in Sustainability (2025), and Best Academic Research at the 13th Dubai Award for Sustainable Transport (2024). He has also received the Research and Innovation Award from the UAE Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure (2022) and First Place in Scientific Research at the Excellence and Creative Engineering Award (2023) by the Society of Engineers, UAE. In recognition of his contributions, he has been consistently ranked among the worlds top 2% of scientists in the field of energy by Elsevier BV and Stanford University. In addition to his academic duties, he actively serves in editorial roles for several international journals and is a frequent keynote speaker at global conferences.
