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1 | (28) |
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1 | (4) |
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1.2 Different Approaches Used for Image Segmentation |
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5 | (2) |
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1.2.1 Classical Approaches |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Soft Computing Approaches |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3 Soft Computing Techniques |
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7 | (12) |
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7 | (3) |
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1.3.2 Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (4) |
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1.3.5 Classical Differential Evolution |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (6) |
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1.5.1 Single-Objective Optimisation |
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22 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Multi-objective Optimisation |
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22 | (5) |
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1.6 Organisation of the Book |
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27 | (2) |
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2 Image Segmentation: A Review |
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29 | (12) |
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29 | (1) |
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2.2 Classical Approaches to Image Segmentation |
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29 | (4) |
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2.3 Soft Computing Approaches to Image Segmentation |
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33 | (8) |
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2.3.1 Neural Network Based Image Segmentation |
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34 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Fuzzy Based Image Segmentation |
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36 | (2) |
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2.3.3 Genetic Algorithm Based Image Segmentation |
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38 | (3) |
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3 Self-supervised Grey Level Image Segmentation Using an Optimised MUSIG (OptiMUSIG) Activation Function |
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41 | (48) |
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41 | (2) |
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3.2 Mathematical Prerequisites |
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43 | (3) |
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43 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Complexity Analysis of Genetic Algorithm |
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44 | (2) |
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3.3 Multilayer Self-organising Neural Network (MLSONN) Architecture |
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46 | (3) |
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3.3.1 Operating Principle |
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46 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Network Error Adjustment |
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47 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Self-Organisation Algorithm |
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48 | (1) |
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3.4 Optimised Multilevel Sigmoidal (OptiMUSIG) Activation Function |
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49 | (2) |
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3.5 Evaluation of Segmentation Efficiency |
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51 | (2) |
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3.5.1 Correlation Coefficient (p) |
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51 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Empirical Goodness Measures |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (2) |
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3.6.1 Generation of Optimised Class Boundaries |
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53 | (1) |
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3.6.2 Designing of OptiMUSIG Activation Function |
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54 | (1) |
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3.6.3 Multilevel Image Segmentation by OptiMUSIG |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (30) |
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3.7.1 Quantitative Performance Analysis of Segmentation |
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57 | (16) |
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3.7.2 Multilevel Image Segmentation Outputs |
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73 | (12) |
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3.8 Discussions and Conclusion |
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85 | (4) |
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4 Self-supervised Colour Image Segmentation Using Parallel OptiMUSIG (ParaOptiMUSIG) Activation Function |
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89 | (36) |
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89 | (3) |
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4.2 Parallel Self-Organising Neural Network (PSONN) Architecture |
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92 | (1) |
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4.3 Parallel optimised Multilevel Sigmoidal (ParaOptiMUSIG) Activation Function |
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93 | (2) |
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4.4 ParaOptiMUSIG Activation Function Based Colour Image Segmentation Scheme |
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95 | (5) |
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4.4.1 Optimised Class Boundaries Generation for True Colour Images |
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96 | (2) |
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4.4.2 ParaOptiMUSIG Activation Function Design |
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98 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Input of True Colour Image Pixel Values to the Source Layer of the PSONN Architecture |
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98 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Distribution of the Colour Component Images to Three Individual SONNs |
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99 | (1) |
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4.4.5 Segmentation of Colour Component Images by Individual SONNs |
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99 | (1) |
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4.4.6 Fusion of Individual Segmented Component Outputs into a True Colour Image at the Sink Layer of the PSONN Architecture |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (19) |
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4.5.1 Quantitative Performance Analysis of Segmentation |
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100 | (3) |
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4.5.2 True Colour Image Segmentation Outputs |
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103 | (16) |
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4.6 Discussions and Conclusion |
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119 | (6) |
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5 Self-supervised Grey Level Image Segmentation Using Multi-Objective-Based Optimised MUSIG (OptiMUSIG) Activation Function |
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125 | (28) |
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125 | (2) |
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5.2 Multilevel Grey scale Image Segmentation by Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm-Based OptiMUSIG Activation Function |
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127 | (12) |
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128 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Experimental Results |
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130 | (6) |
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5.2.3 Image Segmentation Outputs |
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136 | (3) |
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5.3 NSGA-II-Based OptiMUSIG Activation Function |
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139 | (13) |
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5.3.1 Multilevel Greyscale Image Segmentation by NSGA-II-Based OptiMUSIG Activation Function |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (6) |
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5.3.3 Image Segmentation Outputs |
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149 | (3) |
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5.4 Discussions and Conclusion |
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152 | (1) |
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6 Self-supervised Colour Image Segmentation Using Multiobjective Based Parallel Optimized MUSIG (ParaOptiMUSIG) Activation Function |
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153 | (40) |
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153 | (2) |
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6.2 Colour Image Segmentation by a Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm Based ParaOptiMUSIG Activation Function |
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155 | (16) |
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155 | (3) |
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6.2.2 Experimental Results |
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158 | (11) |
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6.2.3 Image Segmentation Outputs |
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169 | (2) |
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6.3 NSGA II Based Parallel Optimized Multilevel Sigmoidal (ParaOptiMUSIG) Activation Function |
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171 | (19) |
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6.3.1 Colour Image Segmentation By NSGA II Based ParaOptiMUSIG Activation Function |
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173 | (4) |
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177 | (11) |
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6.3.3 Image Segmentation Outputs |
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188 | (2) |
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6.4 Discussions and Conclusion |
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190 | (3) |
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7 Unsupervised Genetic Algorithm Based Automatic Image Segmentation and Data Clustering Technique Validated by Fuzzy Intercluster Hostility Index |
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193 | (26) |
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193 | (3) |
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7.2 Region Based Image Clustering |
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196 | (2) |
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7.2.1 Fuzzy Intercluster Hostility Index |
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197 | (1) |
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7.3 Cluster Validity Indices |
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198 | (2) |
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7.3.1 Davies-Bouldin (DB) Validity Index |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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7.4 Automatic Clustering Differential Evolution (ACDE) Algorithm |
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200 | (1) |
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7.5 GA-Based Clustering Algorithm Validated by Fuzzy Intercluster Hostility Index |
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201 | (2) |
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203 | (14) |
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7.7 Discussions and Conclusion |
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217 | (2) |
References |
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219 | (14) |
Index |
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233 | |