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Hydrogels and Aerogels for Functional Textiles: From Sustainable Syntheses to Applications [Kõva köide]

Edited by (National Textile University, Pakistan), Edited by (North Carolina State University, USA; National Textile University, India), Edited by (National Textile University, Pakistan), Edited by (National Textile University, Pakistan)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 256 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 244x170x15 mm, kaal: 680 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-May-2026
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527354964
  • ISBN-13: 9783527354962
Teised raamatud teemal:
Hydrogels and Aerogels for Functional Textiles: From Sustainable Syntheses to ApplicationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 256 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 244x170x15 mm, kaal: 680 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-May-2026
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527354964
  • ISBN-13: 9783527354962
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Märksõnad:
Explores sustainable innovations with hydrogels and aerogels for high-performance, eco-friendly textile applications

The increasing global demand for sustainable, multifunctional, and high-performance materials has positioned hydrogels and aerogels as transformative resources within textile engineering. Hydrogels and Aerogels for Functional Textiles: From Sustainable Syntheses to Applications provides an in-depth treatment of the science, synthesis, and practical use of these advanced materials. Covering both fundamental research and applied technologies, this comprehensive volume highlights the growing importance of renewable and biodegradable systems, offering readers a robust understanding of how cellulose-based hydrogels and aerogels are driving innovation in eco-fashion, biomedical textiles, protective clothing, and smart wearable systems.

Organized into thematic sections, the book begins with an introduction to the chemistry, synthesis methods, and structural properties of hydrogels and aerogels, detailing their functional advantages in moisture management, thermal insulation, flame resistance, antimicrobial activity, and biodegradability. It then examines cutting-edge applications ranging from sustainable fashion solutions to advanced biomedical systems such as wound dressings, drug delivery platforms, and biosensors. Later chapters explore their roles in adaptive wearables, protective clothing, and extreme-environment gear, underscoring their transformative impact on multiple industries. The concluding sections address critical barriers to commercialization, including cost efficiency, recycling, and biocompatibility, while proposing innovative strategies rooted in green chemistry and circular economy models.

The first comprehensive resource of its kind to link hydrogel and aerogel fundamentals to textile applications, Hydrogels and Aerogels for Functional Textiles:





Features contributions from leading international experts in textile engineering, materials science, and biomedical research Covers natural, synthetic, hybrid, and responsive material systems Applies practical focus on recyclability, durability, and economic feasibility of advanced textile systems Integrates sustainability principles with circular economy and green chemistry approaches Includes case studies illustrating innovations in areas such as eco-fashion and wearable technologies Offers forward-looking discussions of market trends, regulation, and commercialization challenges

Hydrogels and Aerogels for Functional Textiles: From Sustainable Syntheses to Applications is an essential reference for graduate and postgraduate students in textile engineering, materials science, and polymer chemistry, as well as researchers in environmental science and biomedical engineering. It is equally valuable for courses in sustainable textiles, functional materials, and advanced polymer engineering.
Foreword xiii

Preface xv

1 Introduction 1
Farooq Azam, Yasir Nawab, and Sheraz Ahmad

1.1 Hydrogels and Aerogels 3

1.2 Unique Properties Relevant to Textiles 3

1.3 Why Hydrogels and Aerogels in Textiles? 4

1.4 Scope and Structure of the Book 5

1.4.1 Scope 5

1.4.2 Structure 6

1.5 Target Audience and Applications 7

1.6 Challenges and Opportunities 7

References 8

2 Science of Hydrogels and Aerogels 11
Zeynep Ulker and Can Erkey

2.1 Introduction 11

2.2 Hydrogels: Relationship Between Function and Structure 11

2.2.1 Science of Preparing Hydrogels 13

2.2.1.1 Physically Cross-Linked Hydrogels 13

2.2.2 Chemically Cross-Linked Hydrogels 15

2.3 Aerogels: Relationship Between Structure and Functions 16

2.3.1 Science of Preparing Aerogels 16

2.4 Textile Innovations 20

2.5 Conclusions 23

References 24

3 Types of Hydrogels and Aerogels in Textiles 35
Talha Siddique, Faheem Ahmad, and Jibran Khaliq

3.1 Introduction 35

3.2 Natural-Fiber Hydrogels and Aerogels 37

3.2.1 Cotton-Based Hydrogels and Aerogels 37

3.2.2 Silk-Based Systems 39

3.2.3 Wool-Based Materials 39

3.3 Synthetic-Fiber Hydrogels and Aerogels 40

3.3.1 Polyester-Based Hydrogels and Aerogels 40

3.3.2 Nylon-Based Hydrogels and Aerogels 41

3.3.3 Acrylic-Based Hydrogels and Aerogels 41

3.4 Blended Hydrogels and Aerogels in Textiles 42

3.4.1 NaturalSynthetic Blends 43

3.4.1.1 CellulosePVA 43

3.4.1.2 SilkPLA 44

3.4.1.3 WoolPolyurethane (PU) 44

3.4.2 Composite Textile Substrates 45

3.4.2.1 Laminated/Coated Fabrics 45

3.4.2.2 Functional Coatings 45

3.5 Conclusion 46

References 46

4 Synthesis Techniques for Hydrogels and Aerogels for Textiles 55
Sana Sadaf and Faheem Ahmad

4.1 Introduction 55

4.2 Synthesis Techniques for Hydrogels and Aerogels from Natural Fiber 57

4.2.1 Synthesis from Cotton 57

4.2.2 Synthesis of Hydrogels and Aerogels from Silk 62

4.2.3 Synthesis from Wool 66

4.3 Synthesis Techniques for Hydrogels and Aerogels from Synthetic Fibers
68

4.3.1 Synthesis from Polyester 68

4.3.2 Acrylic Fiber-Based Hydrogels 71

4.4 Blended-Fiber Hydrogels and Aerogels 73

4.5 Conclusion 74

References 76

5 Functional Properties of Hydrogels and Aerogels in Textiles 81
Mohamed Assal, Ayoub Nadi, Abdeslam el Bouari, and Omar Cherkaoui

5.1 Introduction 81

5.2 Moisture Management 82

5.3 Thermal Insulation Properties of Aerogel- and Hydrogel-Based Textiles
84

5.4 Antimicrobial and Antibacterial Properties 86

5.5 Flame Retardancy 87

5.6 Biodegradability 89

5.7 Conclusion 91

References 91

6 Applications in Sustainable Fashion 95
Bushra Mushtaq, Nauman Ali Choudhry, and Abher Rasheed

6.1 Introduction 95

6.1.1 The Need for Sustainable Fashion Innovation 95

6.1.2 Role of Hydrogels and Aerogels in Sustainable Textiles 96

6.1.3
Chapter Scope and Objectives 96

6.2 Eco-friendly Clothing 97

6.3 Biodegradable Fashion Accessories 98

6.3.1 The Sustainability Challenges in Fashion Accessories 98

6.3.2 Hydrogel-Based Leather Alternatives 98

6.3.3 Aerogel-Based Functional Accessories 100

6.3.3.1 Jewelry 100

6.3.3.2 Belts and Straps 100

6.3.3.3 Eyewear 100

6.3.3.4 3D-Printed Aerogel Accessories 100

6.3.4 Smart and Responsive Biodegradable Accessories 101

6.4 Sustainable Sportswear 101

6.4.1 The Environmental Impact of Conventional Sportswear 101

6.4.2 Performance Enhancement by Hydrogel 101

6.4.2.1 Moisture Management Systems 101

6.4.2.2 Temperature Control 101

6.4.2.3 Biomechanical Support 102

6.4.3 Aerogel in Athletic Apparel 102

6.4.3.1 Ultralight Insulation 102

6.4.3.2 Increased Breathability 102

6.4.3.3 Impact Protection 102

6.4.4 Sustainable Manufacturing Breakthrough 102

6.4.4.1 Waterless Dyeing 102

6.4.4.2 Closed-Loop Recycling 103

6.4.4.3 3D Knitting 103

6.5 Hydrogel and Aerogel-Infused Footwear 103

6.5.1 Environmental Impact of Conventional Footwear 103

6.5.2 Application of Hydrogel in Footwear 103

6.5.2.1 Advanced Cushioning System 103

6.5.2.2 Moisture Management and Hygiene 104

6.5.3 Application of Aerogel in Sustainable Footwear 104

6.6 Sustainable Manufacturing Breakthrough 105

6.7 Future Perspectives and Challenges 105

6.8 Conclusion 106

References 106

7 Plant Fiber-Based Hydrogels and Aerogels for Biomedical Applications 111
Atike Köken and Ay¸se Çelik Bedelolu

7.1 Introduction 111

7.1.1 Plant Fiber-Based Hydrogels and Aerogels: Synthesis Methods,
Properties, and Applications 112

7.1.2 Properties and Application Areas of Plant-Based Hydrogels and Aerogels
112

7.2 Wound Dressings 113

7.2.1 HydrogelTextile Composites for Wound Dressings and Applications 114

7.2.2 Aerogels for Wound Dressings and Applications 117

7.3 Drug Delivery Systems 120

7.3.1 Hydrogels for Wound Dressings and Applications 121

7.3.2 Aerogels for Wound Dressings and Applications 121

7.4 Smart Bandages 122

7.4.1 Materials Used in Smart Bandages and Mechanisms 123

7.4.2 Applications 124

7.4.3 Future Perspective 125

7.5 Wearable Electronics and Health Monitors 125

7.5.1 Materials Used and Mechanism 126

7.5.2 Applications 126

7.6 Sensor Applications 127

7.7 Wearable Electronics and Health Monitors 128

7.8 Future Perspective 129

References 129

8 Animal Fiber-Based Hydrogels and Aerogels for Biomedical Applications 135
Bushra Mushtaq, Muhammad Amber Fareed, and Muhammad Sohail Zafar

8.1 Introduction 135

8.1.1 Definition of Hydrogel and Aerogel 135

8.1.2 Animal Fiber-Derived Biopolymers and Their Advantages 136

8.1.3 Historical Development 136

8.1.4 Current Market Landscape and Clinical Impact 137

8.1.5 Multidisciplinary Convergence 137

8.2 Preparation and Fabrication Methods 138

8.2.1 Extraction and Purification 138

8.2.1.1 Silk Fibroin Extraction (Bombyx mori and Recombinant Spider Silk)
138

8.2.1.2 Keratin Extraction (Wool/Human Hair) 138

8.2.1.3 Collagen Extraction (Type I from Bovine Tendon) 139

8.2.2 Advanced Hydrogel Fabrication 140

8.2.2.1 Physical Cross-Linking 140

8.2.2.2 Chemical Cross-Linking 140

8.2.3 Advanced Aerogel Fabrications 140

8.2.3.1 SolGel Transition Control 140

8.2.3.2 Drying Technology Comparison 141

8.2.3.3 Freeze-Drying (Lyophilization) 141

8.2.3.4 Supercritical Drying 141

8.2.3.5 Ambient Pressure Drying 142

8.3 Properties and Characterization 142

8.3.1 Physicochemical Properties 142

8.3.1.1 Swelling Behavior 142

8.3.1.2 Porosity and Pore Size 143

8.3.2 Mechanical Properties 143

8.3.3 Thermal Stability 143

8.3.4 Biodegradability and Enzymatic Degradation 144

8.3.5 Surface Morphology and Microstructure 144

8.3.6 Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity 144

8.3.7 Water Vapor Transmission Rate 145

8.3.8 Cross-Linking and Network Structure 145

8.3.9 Summary Table of Key Properties and Methods 145

8.4 Biomedical Applications 146

8.4.1 Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration 146

8.4.2 Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 147

8.4.3 Drug Delivery Systems 147

8.4.4 Injectable and In Situ-Forming Gels 148

8.4.5 Biosensors and Diagnostic Devices 148

8.4.6 Hemostatic and Antibacterial Applications 148

8.4.7 Ophthalmic and Dental Applications 148

8.4.8 Summary Table of Biomedical Applications 149

8.5 Conclusion 149

8.6 Future Trends 149

References 150

9 Advancements in Hydrogel and Aerogel Textile Technology 157
Syeda Rubab Batool, Rahima Hussain, and Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

9.1 Introduction 157

9.2 Fundamentals of Hydrogel and Aerogel Materials 158

9.2.1 Hydrogels 158

9.2.2 Aerogels 160

9.2.3 Comparison and Complementarity in Textile Applications 162

9.3 Fabrication and Integration Methods 163

9.3.1 HydrogelTextile Integration Techniques 163

9.3.2 Aerogel Textile Integration Techniques 166

9.4 Conductive Hydrogel and Aerogel 167

9.4.1 Material Design and Composites 167

9.4.2 Electrical and Electrochemical Properties 170

9.4.3 Applications for E-Textiles 171

9.4.3.1 Hydrogel in E-Textiles 171

9.4.3.2 Aerogel in E-Textiles 172

9.5 Responsive and Adaptive Textile Systems 173

9.5.1 Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels and Aerogels 173

9.5.1.1 Physical Stimuli 173

9.5.1.2 Chemical Stimuli 175

9.5.2 Adaptive Clothing Systems 176

9.6 Sustainability and Biocompatibility 177

9.7 Challenges 179

9.8 Conclusions 180

References 180

10 Applications of Aerogels in Protective Clothing 187
Abdul Salam, Farooq Azam, Yasir Nawab, and Jibran Khaliq

10.1 Introduction 187

10.2 Mechanism of Thermal Insulation 188

10.3 Types of Aerogels 189

10.3.1 Inorganic 189

10.3.2 Organic Aerogels 191

10.4 Impact Resistance and Chemical Protection of Aerogels 192

10.4.1 Use of Aerogels in Ballistic-Resistant Textiles 193

10.4.2 Laboratory Test Methods 194

10.4.3 Chemical Protection 195

10.5 Aerogels as Lightweight Protective Gear 197

10.6 Hybrid Applications and Smart Integration of Aerogels in Protective
Textiles 198

10.7 Manufacturing Techniques and Textile Integration 200

10.7.1 Synthesis of Aerogels 201

10.7.2 AerogelTextile Integration Techniques 201

10.7.3 Structural Challenges in AerogelTextile Composites 202

10.8 Conclusion 203

References 203

11 Challenges and Solutions in the Use of Hydrogels and Aerogels for
Textiles 209
Farooq Azam and Shahid Rasul

11.1 Introduction 209

11.2 Environmental Impact Assessment 210

11.3 Recycling and Upcycling Strategies 211

11.3.1 Recycling 212

11.3.2 Upcycling 212

11.4 Biocompatibility Concerns in the Use of Hydrogels and Aerogels for
Textiles 214

11.5 Consumer Acceptance and Education 215

11.6 Economic Feasibility and Life Cycle Analysis 216

11.7 Conclusion 218

References 218

12 Future Horizon 223
Bushra Mushtaq and Sheraz Ahmad

12.1 Sustainable Hydrogel and Aerogel Textile Innovations 223

12.2 Collaborations and Interdisciplinary Research 224

12.3 Potential Market Trends 224

12.4 Regulations and Safety Standards 225

12.5 Conclusion 225

References 226

13 Conclusion 227
Yasir Nawab and Sheraz Ahmad

Index 229
Sheraz Ahmad is an Associate Professor at the National Textile University, Pakistan, with a PhD in Textile Engineering from Université de Haute Alsace Mulhouse, France. He has authored over 70 journal articles, five books, and numerous conference papers. His research includes innovative fiber extraction technologies and sustainable textile solutions licensed for industrial use.

Faheem Ahmad is an Assistant Professor at the National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. He holds a PhD in Materials Science and Engineering from Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey. His research focuses on functional textiles and sustainable natural fibers, with over 40 publications addressing materials processing and life cycle assessments.

Yasir Nawab is a leading scholar in textile engineering, serving as Adjunct Professor at North Carolina State University and Tenured Professor at the National Textile University, Faisalabad. He has published more than 170 journal papers and edited over 10 books, significantly advancing research and practice in textile science.

Farooq Azam is a Lecturer at the National Textile University, Faisalabad, with a PhD in Textile Engineering. His work emphasizes hydrogel- and aerogel-based polymeric fibers derived from natural materials, contributing more than 25 peer-reviewed journal articles to the field of functional textiles.