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1 | (18) |
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1.1 In the Beginning Was the Flood |
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3 | (6) |
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1.2 The Ice Ages of the Earth's History |
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9 | (3) |
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1.3 Causes of the Ice Age |
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12 | (7) |
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2 The Course of the Ice Age |
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19 | (38) |
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2.1 When Did the Quaternary Begin? |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2 What Is What in Stratigraphy? |
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21 | (7) |
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2.3 Traces in the Deep Sea |
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28 | (3) |
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2.4 Systematics of the Ice Age |
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31 | (1) |
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2.5 Gunz, Mindel, Riß, Wurm - Is the Division Still Valid? |
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32 | (8) |
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2.5.1 Traces of Old Glaciations |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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2.5.5 Mindel-Riß Interglacial |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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2.5.7 Riß-Wurm Interglacial (Eem) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (2) |
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2.6 Northern Germany and Adjacent Areas |
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40 | (17) |
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43 | (3) |
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2.6.2 Holstein Warm Stage |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (3) |
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49 | (1) |
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2.6.5 Weichsel Cold Stage |
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49 | (8) |
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57 | (22) |
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3.1 Origin of the Glaciers |
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59 | (2) |
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3.2 Present-Day Glaciers - from Cirque Glaciers to Inland Ice |
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61 | (8) |
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3.2.1 How Does a Glacier Move? |
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61 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Emergence of the Ice Stream Network |
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63 | (3) |
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3.2.3 Formation of Valleys and Basins |
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66 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Formation of the Ice Sheets |
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67 | (2) |
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3.3 The Dynamics of the Ice Sheets |
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69 | (5) |
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74 | (5) |
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4 Tills and Terminal Moraines: The Traces of the Glaciers |
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79 | (34) |
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81 | (13) |
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81 | (5) |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (4) |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (8) |
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97 | (1) |
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4.1.7 Qemscan: Everything in One Go |
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98 | (2) |
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4.1.8 Special Case Microfossils: Pre-Eemian of Langeland |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (11) |
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4.2.1 Terminal Moraines and Substitutes |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (6) |
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4.2.3 Dynamics of the Weichselian Glaciation |
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109 | (4) |
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5 From Moulins to Glacial Valleys |
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113 | (30) |
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5.1 Traces of Pleistocene Meltwater Activity |
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115 | (28) |
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5.1.1 Fjords, Channels, Eskers |
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115 | (6) |
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5.1.2 Outwash Plains and Gravel Terraces |
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121 | (8) |
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129 | (8) |
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5.1.4 Karnes - Deposits at the Ice Edge |
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137 | (3) |
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5.1.5 Catastrophic Discharge from Ice-Dammed Lakes |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (3) |
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6 Maps - where Are we, Anyway? |
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143 | (16) |
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146 | (2) |
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6.2 Satellite Images - Basic Data for Ice Age Research |
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148 | (7) |
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6.3 Projections and Ellipsoids - the Devil Is in the Details |
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155 | (4) |
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7 How Far Did the Glaciers Reach? |
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159 | (38) |
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7.1 Glaciers in the Barents Sea |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (6) |
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7.3 Ice in Eastern Siberia Too? |
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170 | (3) |
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7.4 Asia: The Enigma of Tibet |
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173 | (3) |
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7.5 North America: The Glaciations Are Getting Older |
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176 | (9) |
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7.5.1 The Pre-Illinoian Warm Stages |
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181 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Pre-Illinoian Glacial Stages |
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181 | (1) |
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7.5.3 The Interglacial Immediately Before the Illinoian |
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181 | (1) |
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7.5.4 The Illinoian Glaciation |
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182 | (1) |
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7.5.5 The Sangamon Interglacial |
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182 | (1) |
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7.5.6 Wisconsin Glaciation |
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182 | (3) |
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185 | (1) |
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7.6 South America: Volcanoes and Glaciers |
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185 | (3) |
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7.7 Glaciations in the Mediterranean Region |
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188 | (2) |
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7.8 Africa, Australia, Oceania: Where Were There Glaciers? And When? |
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190 | (1) |
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7.9 Antarctica: Eternal Ice? |
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191 | (6) |
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8 Ice in the Ground: The Periglacial Areas |
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197 | (30) |
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8.1 Permafrost During the Ice Age |
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201 | (2) |
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8.2 Periglacial Processes |
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203 | (24) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (3) |
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8.2.3 Rock Glaciers: Glaciers (Almost) without Ice |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (2) |
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8.2.6 Frost Cracks and Ice Wedges |
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212 | (5) |
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8.2.7 Pingos, Palsas and Other Frost Phenomena |
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217 | (10) |
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9 Hippos on the Thames-The Story of the Warm Stages |
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227 | (30) |
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9.1 Development of the Fauna |
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229 | (3) |
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9.1.1 The Small Animals - Beetles, Snails, Foraminifera |
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231 | (1) |
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9.2 Vegetation Development |
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232 | (6) |
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9.2.1 Pollen Analysis - Possibilities and Errors |
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232 | (6) |
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9.3 Weathering and Soil Formation |
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238 | (9) |
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242 | (5) |
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9.4 Water in the Desert-The Shift in Climate Zones |
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247 | (7) |
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9.5 Changes in the Rainforest |
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254 | (3) |
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257 | (20) |
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259 | (3) |
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10.2 The Origin of the Kettle Holes |
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262 | (4) |
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266 | (1) |
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10.4 A Sudden Transition? |
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266 | (8) |
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274 | (3) |
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11 Wind, Sand and Stones: The Aeolian Processes |
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277 | (14) |
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280 | (6) |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (5) |
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12 What Happened to the Rivers? |
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291 | (16) |
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294 | (1) |
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12.2 The Rhine - Influenced by Alpine and Nordic Ice |
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294 | (9) |
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12.3 The Elbe Flowed to the Baltic Sea |
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303 | (4) |
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13 North Sea and Baltic Sea in the Ice Age |
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307 | (20) |
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13.1 The Development of the North Sea |
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310 | (7) |
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13.2 The Development of the Baltic Sea |
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317 | (10) |
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14 Climate Reconstructions and Models |
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327 | (20) |
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329 | (1) |
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14.2 The Marine Circulation |
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330 | (2) |
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332 | (15) |
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14.3.1 From the End of the Saalian to the Early Weichselian Cold Stage |
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335 | (2) |
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14.3.2 From the Early to the Middle Weichselian Cold Stage |
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337 | (10) |
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347 | (25) |
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15.1 "Out of Africa" - The Dispersal of People |
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349 | (4) |
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15.2 Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens |
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353 | (1) |
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15.3 The Middle Stone Age |
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354 | (1) |
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15.4 The Neolithic Age-Beginning of Agriculture |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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15.8 Today's Land Grabbing |
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357 | (2) |
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15.9 Drying Lakes, Melting Glaciers and Other Bad Prospects |
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359 | (13) |
Supplementary Information: References |
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372 | (27) |
Index |
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399 | |