Preface |
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xi | |
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1 Energy Consumption And Environmental Consequences |
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1 | (56) |
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1 | (4) |
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1.2 Global energy resources and consumption |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3 The role of energy in social, economic, and sustainable development |
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7 | (8) |
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1.4 Environmental impacts of fossil fuel use |
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15 | (4) |
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1.5 Renewable energy resources: Current status and future prospects |
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19 | (8) |
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1.6 Energy storage technologies |
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27 | (11) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (18) |
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2 Natural Production Of Ice |
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57 | (32) |
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57 | (8) |
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2.2 Natural production of ice during winter nights in shallow ponds |
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65 | (2) |
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2.3 Governing equations for natural production of ice |
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67 | (11) |
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2.4 Solving governing equations and determining ice production rate for different climatic conditions |
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78 | (6) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (4) |
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3 Artificial Production Of Ice |
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89 | (42) |
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89 | (3) |
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3.2 Methods and types of refrigeration |
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92 | (5) |
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3.3 History of refrigeration |
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97 | (3) |
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3.4 Compression refrigeration systems |
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100 | (15) |
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3.5 Absorption refrigeration systems |
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115 | (1) |
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3.6 Comparison of compression and absorption refrigeration systems |
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116 | (1) |
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3.7 Thermoelectric refrigeration systems |
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117 | (2) |
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3.8 Vortex tube refrigeration systems |
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119 | (1) |
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3.9 Magnetic refrigeration systems |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (9) |
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4 The History Of Traditional Iranian Ice-Houses |
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131 | (22) |
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131 | (1) |
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4.2 The history of traditional ice-houses in literature |
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132 | (2) |
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4.3 The history of traditional ice-houses in foreign travelers' accounts |
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134 | (10) |
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4.4 Distribution with limited timeframe of traditional ice-houses in Iran |
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144 | (3) |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (4) |
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5 The Architecture Of Traditional Iranian Ice-Houses |
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153 | (70) |
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5.1 The components of ice-houses |
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154 | (20) |
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5.2 Typology of ice-houses |
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174 | (8) |
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5.3 Construction materials used in ice-houses |
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182 | (1) |
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5.4 Decoration of ice-houses |
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183 | (4) |
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5.5 Traditional methods of ice production |
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187 | (2) |
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5.6 Vulnerability of ice-houses |
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189 | (1) |
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5.7 Effect of climate on the distribution of ice-houses |
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189 | (2) |
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5.8 Locations of ice-houses in cities |
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191 | (1) |
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5.9 Construction of an ice-house |
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192 | (11) |
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5.10 Ownership of ice-houses and socioeconomic relationships |
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203 | (4) |
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5.11 Ice sales and ice-house customers |
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207 | (2) |
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5.12 Water sources of ice-houses |
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209 | (1) |
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5.13 Study of ice-house examples |
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210 | (8) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (5) |
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6 Saving Energy Through Semi-Natural And Low-Energy Production Of Ice |
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223 | (16) |
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223 | (2) |
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6.2 Semi-natural and low-energy production of ice in underground ponds |
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225 | (3) |
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6.3 Governing equations of semi-natural method of ice production |
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228 | (1) |
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6.4 Determining the rate of ice production by semi-natural method |
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229 | (1) |
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6.5 Estimating the maximum height of ice that can be produced by semi-natural method |
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230 | (1) |
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6.6 Choosing specifications for a semi-natural ice-house to meet the building's annual cooling demand |
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231 | (2) |
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6.7 The coefficient of performance (COP) of a semi-natural ice-house |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (5) |
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7 Ice Production To Reduce Peak Power Use For Space Cooling |
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239 | (26) |
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239 | (3) |
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7.2 Cold production and storage in the form of ice |
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242 | (5) |
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7.3 Working methods used in cold-producing systems to create and store ice |
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247 | (2) |
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7.4 The advantages of partial storage systems |
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249 | (1) |
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7.5 The advantages of ice production via internal and external melt ice-on-coil |
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250 | (1) |
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7.6 Design and analysis of ice production and storage system for an office building |
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251 | (7) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (7) |
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8 Using Various Hybrid Systems To Supply Thermal Energy Needs Of Buildings |
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265 | (28) |
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265 | (4) |
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8.2 Cooling/heating buildings using heat pumps, seasonal ice storage, and a solar energy system |
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269 | (1) |
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8.3 Providing sanitary hot water for buildings through heat pumps, ambient air, and a solar energy system |
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270 | (1) |
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8.4 Analyzing the performance of the proposed hybrid HVAC systems by an example |
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271 | (2) |
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8.5 Methods of localized electricity production |
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273 | (2) |
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8.6 Using solar energy for electricity generation |
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275 | (3) |
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8.7 Integrating various technologies to meet buildings' thermal energy needs |
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278 | (8) |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (7) |
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9 Pictures Of Traditional Ice-Houses |
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293 | (38) |
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9.1 Selected pictures of traditional ice-houses |
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297 | (31) |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (3) |
Nomenclature |
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331 | (4) |
Abbreviations |
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335 | (2) |
Index |
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337 | |