Preface |
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xv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
Acronyms and Abbreviations |
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xix | |
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1 | (12) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (2) |
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1.3 Analysis and Measurement |
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5 | (3) |
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8 | (5) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (26) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (6) |
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2.4 Brightness Thresholds |
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24 | (3) |
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24 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Differential threshold |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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2.8 Spatio-Temporal Effects |
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32 | (7) |
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35 | (4) |
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Chapter 3 Image-Forming Optics |
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39 | (36) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (8) |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (2) |
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3.4 Aperture Stop, f-Number, and Speed |
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52 | (7) |
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3.5 Focusing and Depth of Field |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (5) |
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65 | (4) |
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3.7.1 Monochromatic aberrations |
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65 | (1) |
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3.7.1.1 Spherical aberrations |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (2) |
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3.7.2 Chromatic aberrations |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (2) |
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71 | (1) |
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3.9.2 Interference (bandpass) filters |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (3) |
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73 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Scene Illumination |
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75 | (28) |
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75 | (2) |
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4.2 Types of Illuminators |
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77 | (1) |
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4.3 Optical Properties of Targets |
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78 | (2) |
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4.3.1 Reflective materials |
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78 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Transmissive materials |
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79 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Absorptive materials |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (5) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Specular illumination |
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82 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Beamsplitter and split mirror |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (2) |
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4.4.6 Structured lighting |
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85 | (1) |
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4.5 Polarization of Light |
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85 | (7) |
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92 | (11) |
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95 | (2) |
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4.6.2 Transmission characteristics |
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97 | (4) |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (47) |
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104 | (3) |
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5.1.1 Critical wavelength |
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104 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Absorption coefficient |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (6) |
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115 | (3) |
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118 | (3) |
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5.6 Charge-Coupled Devices |
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121 | (6) |
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5.6.1 Charge-transfer efficiency |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (1) |
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5.6.3 Illumination geometry |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (3) |
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130 | (6) |
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136 | (14) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (3) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (4) |
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Appendix 5A Semiconductor Properties |
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150 | (221) |
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151 | (1) |
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5A.2 Doping of Semiconductors |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (1) |
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5A.5 Semiconductor Terminology |
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154 | (7) |
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156 | (5) |
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Chapter 6 Imaging Hardware |
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161 | (42) |
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161 | (8) |
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6.2 Liquid Crystal Display |
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169 | (4) |
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173 | (11) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Gray-level digitization |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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6.3.7 Dedicated processor |
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182 | (1) |
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6.3.8 Video sampling frequency |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (10) |
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185 | (5) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (3) |
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194 | (9) |
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6.5.1 Gray-level resolution |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (4) |
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6.5.4 Assessment of resolution |
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198 | (3) |
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201 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Image Formation |
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203 | (80) |
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208 | (3) |
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211 | (4) |
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215 | (6) |
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221 | (13) |
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7.4.1 Point-spread function |
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222 | (5) |
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7.4.2 Line-spread function |
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227 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Edge-spread function |
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227 | (1) |
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7.4.4 Optical transfer function |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (4) |
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234 | (7) |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (4) |
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241 | (20) |
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251 | (4) |
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255 | (6) |
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261 | (22) |
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261 | (5) |
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266 | (5) |
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7.7.3 Charge-transfer MTF |
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271 | (8) |
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279 | (4) |
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Chapter 8 Camera Calibration |
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283 | (58) |
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284 | (5) |
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8.2 Ideal Intrinsic Model |
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289 | (3) |
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292 | (3) |
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294 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (3) |
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298 | (13) |
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298 | (2) |
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8.5.2 Scaling and origin transfer |
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300 | (1) |
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8.5.3 Stage 1 calibration: Parameters embedded in image abscissa |
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301 | (3) |
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8.5.4 Stage 2 calibration: Parameters related to image ordinate |
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304 | (1) |
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8.5.5 Resolution and distortion |
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305 | (6) |
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311 | (12) |
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313 | (8) |
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8.6.2 Matching with epipolar constraints |
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321 | (2) |
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323 | (8) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (2) |
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326 | (5) |
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331 | (10) |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (3) |
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336 | (5) |
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Chapter 9 Gray-Level Transformation |
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341 | (30) |
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9.1 Pixel-to-Pixel Mapping |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (2) |
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345 | (3) |
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9.4 Histogram Equalization |
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348 | (2) |
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9.5 Histogram Hyperbolization |
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350 | (4) |
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9.6 Histogram Specification |
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354 | (3) |
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357 | (1) |
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9.8 Statistical Differencing |
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357 | (4) |
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361 | (4) |
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9.9.1 Triangular minimum method |
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363 | (1) |
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9.9.2 Iterative mean method |
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363 | (2) |
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9.10 Co-occurrence Matrix |
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365 | (6) |
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Appendix 9A Histogram Properties |
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371 | (48) |
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371 | (1) |
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9A.2 Variate Transformation |
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372 | (7) |
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375 | (4) |
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Chapter 10 Spatial Transformation |
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379 | (40) |
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380 | (4) |
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10.2 Geometric Operations |
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384 | (7) |
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10.2.1 Forward transformation |
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387 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Backward transformation |
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387 | (3) |
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10.2.3 Rescaling Cartesian coordinates |
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390 | (1) |
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10.3 Bilinear Interpolation |
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391 | (3) |
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394 | (10) |
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10.5 Zero-Order Convolution |
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404 | (4) |
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10.6 Affine Transformation |
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408 | (3) |
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10.7 Perspective Transformation |
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411 | (8) |
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Appendix 10A Basis Functions and Splines |
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419 | (63) |
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422 | (3) |
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425 | (2) |
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427 | (8) |
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435 | (10) |
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441 | (4) |
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Chapter 11 Spatial Filtering |
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445 | (37) |
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447 | (6) |
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453 | (6) |
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455 | (1) |
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456 | (1) |
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457 | (1) |
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458 | (1) |
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458 | (1) |
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459 | (2) |
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461 | (6) |
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462 | (1) |
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463 | (2) |
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11.4.3 Multiplicative noise |
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465 | (2) |
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11.5 First-Order Gradients |
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467 | (4) |
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469 | (1) |
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469 | (2) |
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471 | (1) |
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11.6 Second-Order Gradients |
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471 | (6) |
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477 | (5) |
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477 | (1) |
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478 | (4) |
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Appendix 11A Convolution Kernels |
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482 | (53) |
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11A.1 Discrete Convolution |
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483 | (3) |
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11A.2 Two-Dimensional Convolution |
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486 | (9) |
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490 | (5) |
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Chapter 12 Discrete Fourier Transform |
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495 | (40) |
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12.1 Discrete Fourier Series |
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495 | (6) |
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12.2 Discrete Fourier Transform |
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501 | (5) |
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12.3 Decimation-in-Time FFT |
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506 | (9) |
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12.4 Image Frequency Spectrum |
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515 | (5) |
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520 | (8) |
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528 | (7) |
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12.6.1 DIT in matrix form |
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530 | (3) |
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12.6.2 DIF in matrix form |
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533 | (2) |
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Appendix 12A DFT Through Decomposition |
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535 | (104) |
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12A.1 Eight-Point DFT with Radix 2 |
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535 | (4) |
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12A.2 Decimation in Frequency |
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539 | (2) |
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541 | (4) |
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544 | (1) |
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Chapter 13 Spatial Frequency Filters |
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545 | (56) |
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13.1 Fourier Series Finite Sum |
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547 | (4) |
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551 | (5) |
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556 | (15) |
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557 | (4) |
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561 | (3) |
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564 | (7) |
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571 | (7) |
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578 | (4) |
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13.5.1 Low-pass Butterworth filter |
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579 | (3) |
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13.5.2 High-pass Butterworth filter |
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582 | (1) |
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582 | (8) |
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13.6.1 Low-pass Gaussian filter |
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588 | (1) |
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13.6.2 High-pass Gaussian filter |
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588 | (2) |
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590 | (3) |
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593 | (8) |
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597 | (4) |
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Chapter 14 Review of Image Parameters |
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601 | (38) |
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602 | (1) |
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602 | (6) |
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608 | (4) |
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612 | (5) |
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617 | (7) |
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624 | (6) |
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630 | (2) |
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14.8 Bibliographical Notes |
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632 | (7) |
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635 | (4) |
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Appendix A Fourier Transformation |
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639 | (28) |
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639 | (4) |
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A.2 Extension to Nonperiodic Wavetrain |
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643 | (3) |
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A.3 Commonly Used Functions |
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646 | (11) |
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A.3.1 Rectangular and delta functions |
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646 | (3) |
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649 | (1) |
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650 | (1) |
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650 | (7) |
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657 | (2) |
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A.5 Fourier Transform of Images |
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659 | (8) |
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664 | (3) |
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667 | (16) |
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667 | (4) |
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671 | (2) |
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673 | (1) |
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674 | (2) |
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676 | (7) |
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681 | (2) |
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Appendix C Discrete Fourier Transform |
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683 | (10) |
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692 | (1) |
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Appendix D Time-Frequency Mapping |
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693 | (24) |
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693 | (2) |
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695 | (3) |
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698 | (1) |
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D.4 Pulse Transfer Function |
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699 | (2) |
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D.5 Digitization of Transfer Functions |
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701 | (2) |
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703 | (4) |
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707 | (5) |
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712 | (5) |
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715 | (2) |
Index |
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717 | |