This book offers a comprehensive review of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying autoimmune disorders, as well as the role of immunotherapy in managing these diseases. The initial chapter introduces the concept of tolerance, the immune system's capacity to distinguish between self and non-self. Further, it explores various factors that can disrupt this balance, leading to a breakdown of tolerance and the onset of autoimmune diseases. The book evaluates current strategies for managing autoimmune diseases, emphasizes their limitations, and introduces immunotherapeutic approaches. Furthermore, it delves into the latest advancements in immunosuppression, vaccine development, and the role of specific immune cells in autoimmune conditions. It discusses the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their therapeutic potential, as well as examines vaccines and myeloid-derived suppressor cells for preventing and treating autoimmune diseases. Additionally, the book addresses a revolutionary approach, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy, for treating autoimmune disorders. Towards the end, the book examines the role of the gut microbiome on immune function and autoimmunity. It considers innovative drug delivery strategies as the future of personalized medicine in managing autoimmune diseases. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and students in immunology, microbiology, and pharmaceutical sciences.
Key features
· Explores promising new frontiers in next-generation immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases.
· Reviews the role of factors leading to the loss of immune tolerance and existing autoimmune disease management.
· Examines innovative drug delivery strategies and the therapeutic potential of nutraceuticals against autoimmune diseases.
· Reviews the role and therapeutic potential of gut microbiome in autoimmune disorders.
· Presents the therapeutic potential of Tregs, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in treating autoimmune diseases.
This book studies the intricacies of autoimmune diseases, detailing the immune system's tolerance mechanisms, the impact of immunotherapy, role of the microbiome, and innovative treatments like CART therapy against autoimmune disorders.It is an essential guide for researchers in immunology, biomedical sciences,and pharmaceutical sciences.
Chapter 1: Tolerance.
Chapter 2: Breakdown of Tolerance.
Chapter 3:
Autoimmunity.
Chapter 4: Current Strategies to Treat Autoimmune Diseases and
Their Drawbacks.
Chapter 5: Immunotherapeutic Approaches.
Chapter 6: Treg
Generation and Their Role in Immunosuppression.
Chapter 7: Vaccines for
Autoimmune Diseases.
Chapter 8: The Significance of Myeloid-Derived
Suppressor Cells (MDSC) in Autoimmune Disorders.
Chapter 9: Revolutionizing
Autoimmune Diseases Treatment by CAR-T Cell Therapy.
Chapter 10: Unlocking
the Nexus of Gut Microbiomes and Autoimmune Disorders.
Chapter 11: Exploring
the Therapeutic Potential of Nutraceuticals in Autoimmune Disease Management.
Chapter 12: Advancing Therapeutic Frontiers with Innovative Drug Delivery.
Chapter 13: Comprehensive Exploration of T Follicular Regulatory (Tfr) Cells
in Autoimmunity.
Chapter 14: Future Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases.
Chapter 15: Orchestrating Autoimmune Diseases through Nuclear Receptors and
Orphan GPCRs. Concluding Remarks.
Javed N. Agrewala (born 14 May 1961) is an Indian immunologist, a Professor at the Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, and former Chief Scientist and Professor at the Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, known for his immunology research. Dr. Agrewala is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies, viz. National Academy of Sciences, India, Indian National Science Academy, and Academy of Sciences. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 2005. He has also received the National Bioscience Award for Career Development from the Department of Biotechnology.
Dr. Agrewalas group has pioneered research in the area of costimulatory molecules and pathogen regulated receptorsmediated regulation of the immune system (J Immunol. 1994; Eur J Immunol. 1994; J Immunol. 1998; J Biol Chem. 2002; J Biol. Chem. 2007; Immunol Rev. 2006; J Infect Dis. 2015; Sci Rep. 2015a, 2015b, Front Immunol. 2016, 2017, 2018). His original discoveries relate to understanding the role of costimulatory molecules in suppressing the growth of B cell lymphomas, which was a revelation in the field of cancer. This study encouraged Biogene Pharma Company to develop therapeutic antibodies against CD80 to treat patients suffering from refractory and relapsed follicular lymphomas (J Clin Oncol. 2005). His group has made seminal contributions in the area of novel vaccination strategies against M. tuberculosis (J Infect Dis. 2004, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2015; J Proteome Res. 2008, Trends Mol Medicine 2012; Crit Rev Microbiol. 2011, 2015, 2017, Sci Rep. 2016; Front Microbiol. 2015; Clin Exp Immunol. 2015; J Transl Med 2017; USA Patent 2004, 2016). Recently, his group has engineered a chimeric vaccine with the help of Prof. David C. Jackson, Melbourne University, Australia, comprising a promiscuous peptide of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and a TLR-2 agonist Pam2Cys. The construct induces enduring memory T cell response and imparts better protection than BCG. The group has initiated a collaborative study with Prof Kim Janda, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA, to develop vaccines against narcotics. His group explores environmental and gut microbes for human welfare. In this connection, they have discovered a novel role of Caerulomycin A (secreted by actinomycetes) as an immunosuppressive agent by restraining the activation of T cells and increasing the survival of allogeneic skin grafts and alleviating the symptoms associated with autoimmune diseases (United States Patent No. 8,114,895: 2012; Autoimmunity 2017; Sci Rep. 2015; J Biol Chem. 2014; PloS One 2014; Transplantation 2014). The group has in-depth elucidated the mechanism of action involved in the immunosuppression and suggested that Caerulomycin A enhances TGF--Smad3 protein signaling by suppressing IFN- signal transducer and activating transcription 1 protein signaling to expand Treg. Importantly, this immunosuppressive molecules technology has been developed and licensed to Nostrum Pharma, USA, for US$3 million. Further, the group has observed that gut microbes can contribute to preventing tuberculosis (Crit Rev Microbiol. 2014, Front Immunol. 2017).
