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Indoor Thermal Comfort Perception: A Questionnaire Approach Focusing on Children 2015 ed. [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 302 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 5974 g, 47 Illustrations, color; 52 Illustrations, black and white; XI, 302 p. 99 illus., 47 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Jul-2015
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319186507
  • ISBN-13: 9783319186504
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 302 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 5974 g, 47 Illustrations, color; 52 Illustrations, black and white; XI, 302 p. 99 illus., 47 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Jul-2015
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319186507
  • ISBN-13: 9783319186504
Teised raamatud teemal:

Providing a methodology for evaluating indoor thermal comfort with a focus on children, this book presents an in-depth examination of children’s perceptions of comfort. Divided into two sections, it first presents a history of thermal comfort, the human body and environmental parameters, common thermal comfort indexes, and guidelines for creating questionnaires to assess children’s perceptions of indoor thermal comfort. It then describes their understanding of the concepts of comfort and energy, and the factors that influence that perception. In this context, it takes into account the psychological and pedagogical aspects of thermal comfort judgment, as well as architectural and environmental characteristics and equips readers with the knowledge needed to effectively investigate children’s perspectives on environmental ergonomics.

The research field of indoor thermal comfort adopts, on the one hand, physical parameter measurements and comfort indexes (e.g. Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) or adaptive comfort), and on the other, an ergonomic assessment in the form of questionnaires. However the latter can offer only limited insights into the issue of comfort, as children often use different terms than adults to convey their experience of thermal comfort. The books aims to address this lack of understanding with regard to children’s perceptions of indoor thermal comfort.

The book is intended for HVAC engineers and researchers, architects and researchers interested in thermal comfort and the built environment. It also provides a useful resource for environmental psychologists, medical and cognitive researchers.

Part I Thermal Comfort and Children Thermal Cognitive Knowledge
1 Introduction
3(4)
1.1 Why This Book?
3(2)
1.2 How to Read This Book
5(2)
2 A Brief History of Thermal Comfort: From Effective Temperature to Adaptive Thermal Comfort
7(18)
2.1 The Discipline of Comfort
7(1)
2.2 The Beginnings A.P. Gagge and the Military Requirements
8(3)
2.3 The Revolution of Povl Ole Fanger: Evaluating the Thermal Sensation
11(10)
2.4 The Last Frontier: The Adaptive Thermal Comfort
21(4)
References
21(4)
3 Ergonomics of the Thermal Environment. Human Body and Clothes
25(50)
3.1 What About Thermal Comfort
25(2)
3.2 The Human Body (Physiology)
27(6)
3.2.1 Human Thermal Physiological Models
29(1)
3.2.2 Human Sense and Thermal-Regulatory
29(3)
3.2.3 The Core Temperature and Skin Temperature Model
32(1)
3.3 The Modelling of the Human Body: Body Heat Balance Equation
33(18)
3.3.1 Internal Heat Production---Metabolism (met)
36(7)
3.3.2 Heat Loss
43(2)
Skin Diffusion
3.3.3 Latent Respiration (Ere) and Dry Respiration Heat Loss (L)
45(1)
3.3.4 Heat Conduction Through the Clothing (K)
46(1)
3.3.5 Heat Loss by Radiation (R)
47(1)
3.3.6 Heat Loss by Convection (C)
48(1)
3.3.7 Heat Balance Equation (Thermal Comfort Equation)
49(2)
3.4 Resistence of Clothing
51(9)
3.5 Indoor Microclimate: The Building Parameters
60(5)
3.5.1 Operating Temperature
63(2)
3.6 Comfort and Health in Indoor Environment: Indoor Air Quality
65(10)
3.6.1 The Perception of IAQ Pollutants
68(4)
References
72(3)
4 The Indices of Feeling---Predicted Mean Vote PMV and Percentage People Dissatisfied PPD
75(52)
4.1 The Research to Measure Comfort
75(2)
4.2 The Comfort Indexes
77(7)
4.2.1 Predicted Mean Vote (PMV)
78(1)
4.2.2 Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied Index (PPD)
79(1)
4.2.3 The Physiological Equivalent Temperature Index (PET)
79(1)
4.2.4 Relative Strain Index (RSI)
80(1)
4.2.5 Actual Sensation Vote (ASV)
81(1)
4.2.6 Discomfort Index (DI) or Thom Index
81(1)
4.2.7 Effective Temperature (ET), Temperature Equivalent Perception (PET) and Equivalent Temperature (Teq)
82(1)
4.2.8 Operative Temperature (OT)
83(1)
4.2.9 Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI)
84(1)
4.3 The Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and the Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) According to the Standard ISO 7730
84(3)
4.4 Local Discomfort
87(6)
4.4.1 Comfort Diagrams
92(1)
4.5 Thermal Environmental Condition form Human Occupancy Following ASHRAE Standard 55--2014
93(5)
4.6 Ergonomics of Thermal Environment and People with Special Requirements
98(3)
4.7 The Instruments of Measurement of the Indoor Microclimate
101(7)
4.8 Adaptive Thermal Comfort
108(4)
4.9 Indoor Air Quality Assessment
112(6)
4.9.1 The CO2 Concentration as an Indicator of Indoor Pollution Due to the Occupants
115(1)
4.9.2 Pollutant Sources
116(2)
4.9.3 Methods of Expressing the IAQ for Human Occupancy
118(1)
4.10 Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Assessment
118(3)
4.10.1 Methodologies for Subjective Evaluations
120(1)
4.11 Conclusions
121(6)
References
121(6)
5 Assessment of the Influence of the Thermal Environment Using Subjective Judgement Scales
127(22)
5.1 The Use of Questionnaires in Scientific Literature
127(3)
5.2 The Use of Questionnaires in Social Research Methods
130(5)
5.3 Assessment Using Subjective Judgement Scale: Standard Approach
135(6)
5.4 Statistical Representation of the Questionnaires
141(8)
5.4.1 Questionnaire Design and the Relationship Between Questions and Variables Measurable by Instrumentation
142(4)
References
146(3)
6 The Thermal Comfort and Child Development Psychology
149(32)
6.1 Child Development and Indoor Environment
149(3)
6.2 The Child Developmental Psychology (a Brief)
152(12)
6.2.1 The Research Instruments
153(1)
6.2.2 The Development Process
154(2)
6.2.3 How Children Think. Information Processing
156(1)
6.2.4 The Language
157(1)
6.2.5 Child and Environment
158(4)
6.2.6 Child and Social Context
162(2)
6.3 Children's Sensitivity of Thermal Comfort, a Child's Point of View
164(7)
6.3.1 The Conduct of the Questionnaire and Affectivity
166(2)
6.3.2 The Educational Context: The Space that Educates
168(3)
6.4 The Pedagogical Models
171(3)
6.5 How to Make a Questionnaire for Children
174(7)
References
177(4)
Part II Case Studies
7 Field Research
181(10)
7.1 Objectives of the Case Studies of the Second Part
181(1)
7.2 The Research Methodology
182(4)
7.2.1 Quantitative and Objective Approach (QOA)
183(1)
7.2.2 Qualitative and Subjective Approach (QSA)
184(1)
7.2.3 Comparison of the Results of the Two Approaches
185(1)
7.3 The Italian Educational System
186(5)
References
188(3)
8 Kindergarten Case Study
191(58)
8.1 The Kindergarten Diana Case Study in Reggio Emilia
191(5)
8.1.1 The Children Age 3--5 (Later Infancy)
193(2)
8.1.2 The Pedagogical Model of the Diana Kindergarten
195(1)
8.2 The Research Activity
196(14)
8.2.1 The Discussion Stage with the Children to Find Matching Symbols
201(2)
8.2.2 The Design and Representation on the Board
203(4)
8.2.3 Questionnaire Submission (Order of the Questionnaire---The Day)
207(3)
8.3 The Monitoring of Indoor Microclimate and IAQ
210(3)
8.4 The Results of the Research
213(8)
8.4.1 The Reference Entity
214(1)
8.4.2 Results of the Monitoring Campaign and Questionnaire
214(4)
8.4.3 Thermal Comfort Results---Discussion
218(3)
8.5 Indoor Air Quality
221(4)
8.6 Conclusions
225(24)
Annex 1 Transcript of Conversations Before and During the Search of the Symbols
229(10)
Annex 2 Prepared Drawings
239(3)
Annex 3 Questionnaire Results
242(4)
References
246(3)
9 Elementary School Case Study
249(28)
9.1 The Case Study of the Elementary School Centro Educativo Italio Svizzero C.E.I.S.
249(6)
9.1.1 The Building
250(2)
9.1.2 The Children Age 6--10 (Elementary School)
252(1)
9.1.3 The Pedagogical Model of C.E.I.S.
253(2)
9.2 The Research Activity
255(10)
9.2.1 Questionnaire Submission (Sequence of the Questionnaire---the Day)
255(10)
9.3 Monitoring with Microclimate Datalogger and Probe
265(4)
9.4 Questionnaire Results
269(6)
9.5 Conclusions
275(2)
10 Middle School Case Study
277(24)
10.1 The Case Study Middle School Tito Maccio Plauto
277(3)
10.1.1 The Building
278(1)
10.1.2 The Children Aged 11--14 Pre---adolescence
279(1)
10.2 The Questionnaire
280(11)
10.2.1 First Survey Campaign Following `School of the Future' Questionnaire
280(3)
10.2.2 Second Survey Campaign Following Our Questionnaire
283(7)
10.2.3 The Measurement Activity: Natural and Artificial Lighting
290(1)
10.3 Questionnaire Results
291(5)
10.4 Conclusions
296(5)
ANNEX---Results
297(3)
Reference
300(1)
11 Conclusions
301
11.1 Why I Wrote This Book
301(1)
11.2 And Now?
302
Arch. Kristian Fabbri has worked as architect and consultant on building energy performance, indoor environmental quality, human behaviour, heritage and energy management. He collaborated with Emilia-Romagna Region (Public Bodies) and SMEs trade and professional training organizations. He is Adjunct Professor in Environmental Physics Technique and Building Simulation, with the Architecture Department at University of Bologna. He has conducted research and issued publications in the same fields.