|
Part I Thermal Comfort and Children Thermal Cognitive Knowledge |
|
|
|
|
3 | (4) |
|
|
3 | (2) |
|
1.2 How to Read This Book |
|
|
5 | (2) |
|
2 A Brief History of Thermal Comfort: From Effective Temperature to Adaptive Thermal Comfort |
|
|
7 | (18) |
|
2.1 The Discipline of Comfort |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
2.2 The Beginnings A.P. Gagge and the Military Requirements |
|
|
8 | (3) |
|
2.3 The Revolution of Povl Ole Fanger: Evaluating the Thermal Sensation |
|
|
11 | (10) |
|
2.4 The Last Frontier: The Adaptive Thermal Comfort |
|
|
21 | (4) |
|
|
21 | (4) |
|
3 Ergonomics of the Thermal Environment. Human Body and Clothes |
|
|
25 | (50) |
|
3.1 What About Thermal Comfort |
|
|
25 | (2) |
|
3.2 The Human Body (Physiology) |
|
|
27 | (6) |
|
3.2.1 Human Thermal Physiological Models |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
3.2.2 Human Sense and Thermal-Regulatory |
|
|
29 | (3) |
|
3.2.3 The Core Temperature and Skin Temperature Model |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
3.3 The Modelling of the Human Body: Body Heat Balance Equation |
|
|
33 | (18) |
|
3.3.1 Internal Heat Production---Metabolism (met) |
|
|
36 | (7) |
|
|
43 | (2) |
|
|
3.3.3 Latent Respiration (Ere) and Dry Respiration Heat Loss (L) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
3.3.4 Heat Conduction Through the Clothing (K) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
3.3.5 Heat Loss by Radiation (R) |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
3.3.6 Heat Loss by Convection (C) |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
3.3.7 Heat Balance Equation (Thermal Comfort Equation) |
|
|
49 | (2) |
|
3.4 Resistence of Clothing |
|
|
51 | (9) |
|
3.5 Indoor Microclimate: The Building Parameters |
|
|
60 | (5) |
|
3.5.1 Operating Temperature |
|
|
63 | (2) |
|
3.6 Comfort and Health in Indoor Environment: Indoor Air Quality |
|
|
65 | (10) |
|
3.6.1 The Perception of IAQ Pollutants |
|
|
68 | (4) |
|
|
72 | (3) |
|
4 The Indices of Feeling---Predicted Mean Vote PMV and Percentage People Dissatisfied PPD |
|
|
75 | (52) |
|
4.1 The Research to Measure Comfort |
|
|
75 | (2) |
|
|
77 | (7) |
|
4.2.1 Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
4.2.2 Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied Index (PPD) |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
4.2.3 The Physiological Equivalent Temperature Index (PET) |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
4.2.4 Relative Strain Index (RSI) |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
4.2.5 Actual Sensation Vote (ASV) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
4.2.6 Discomfort Index (DI) or Thom Index |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
4.2.7 Effective Temperature (ET), Temperature Equivalent Perception (PET) and Equivalent Temperature (Teq) |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
4.2.8 Operative Temperature (OT) |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
4.2.9 Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
4.3 The Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and the Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) According to the Standard ISO 7730 |
|
|
84 | (3) |
|
|
87 | (6) |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
4.5 Thermal Environmental Condition form Human Occupancy Following ASHRAE Standard 55--2014 |
|
|
93 | (5) |
|
4.6 Ergonomics of Thermal Environment and People with Special Requirements |
|
|
98 | (3) |
|
4.7 The Instruments of Measurement of the Indoor Microclimate |
|
|
101 | (7) |
|
4.8 Adaptive Thermal Comfort |
|
|
108 | (4) |
|
4.9 Indoor Air Quality Assessment |
|
|
112 | (6) |
|
4.9.1 The CO2 Concentration as an Indicator of Indoor Pollution Due to the Occupants |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
|
116 | (2) |
|
4.9.3 Methods of Expressing the IAQ for Human Occupancy |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
4.10 Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Assessment |
|
|
118 | (3) |
|
4.10.1 Methodologies for Subjective Evaluations |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
121 | (6) |
|
|
121 | (6) |
|
5 Assessment of the Influence of the Thermal Environment Using Subjective Judgement Scales |
|
|
127 | (22) |
|
5.1 The Use of Questionnaires in Scientific Literature |
|
|
127 | (3) |
|
5.2 The Use of Questionnaires in Social Research Methods |
|
|
130 | (5) |
|
5.3 Assessment Using Subjective Judgement Scale: Standard Approach |
|
|
135 | (6) |
|
5.4 Statistical Representation of the Questionnaires |
|
|
141 | (8) |
|
5.4.1 Questionnaire Design and the Relationship Between Questions and Variables Measurable by Instrumentation |
|
|
142 | (4) |
|
|
146 | (3) |
|
6 The Thermal Comfort and Child Development Psychology |
|
|
149 | (32) |
|
6.1 Child Development and Indoor Environment |
|
|
149 | (3) |
|
6.2 The Child Developmental Psychology (a Brief) |
|
|
152 | (12) |
|
6.2.1 The Research Instruments |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
6.2.2 The Development Process |
|
|
154 | (2) |
|
6.2.3 How Children Think. Information Processing |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
6.2.5 Child and Environment |
|
|
158 | (4) |
|
6.2.6 Child and Social Context |
|
|
162 | (2) |
|
6.3 Children's Sensitivity of Thermal Comfort, a Child's Point of View |
|
|
164 | (7) |
|
6.3.1 The Conduct of the Questionnaire and Affectivity |
|
|
166 | (2) |
|
6.3.2 The Educational Context: The Space that Educates |
|
|
168 | (3) |
|
6.4 The Pedagogical Models |
|
|
171 | (3) |
|
6.5 How to Make a Questionnaire for Children |
|
|
174 | (7) |
|
|
177 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
181 | (10) |
|
7.1 Objectives of the Case Studies of the Second Part |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
7.2 The Research Methodology |
|
|
182 | (4) |
|
7.2.1 Quantitative and Objective Approach (QOA) |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
7.2.2 Qualitative and Subjective Approach (QSA) |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
7.2.3 Comparison of the Results of the Two Approaches |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
7.3 The Italian Educational System |
|
|
186 | (5) |
|
|
188 | (3) |
|
8 Kindergarten Case Study |
|
|
191 | (58) |
|
8.1 The Kindergarten Diana Case Study in Reggio Emilia |
|
|
191 | (5) |
|
8.1.1 The Children Age 3--5 (Later Infancy) |
|
|
193 | (2) |
|
8.1.2 The Pedagogical Model of the Diana Kindergarten |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
8.2 The Research Activity |
|
|
196 | (14) |
|
8.2.1 The Discussion Stage with the Children to Find Matching Symbols |
|
|
201 | (2) |
|
8.2.2 The Design and Representation on the Board |
|
|
203 | (4) |
|
8.2.3 Questionnaire Submission (Order of the Questionnaire---The Day) |
|
|
207 | (3) |
|
8.3 The Monitoring of Indoor Microclimate and IAQ |
|
|
210 | (3) |
|
8.4 The Results of the Research |
|
|
213 | (8) |
|
8.4.1 The Reference Entity |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
8.4.2 Results of the Monitoring Campaign and Questionnaire |
|
|
214 | (4) |
|
8.4.3 Thermal Comfort Results---Discussion |
|
|
218 | (3) |
|
|
221 | (4) |
|
|
225 | (24) |
|
Annex 1 Transcript of Conversations Before and During the Search of the Symbols |
|
|
229 | (10) |
|
Annex 2 Prepared Drawings |
|
|
239 | (3) |
|
Annex 3 Questionnaire Results |
|
|
242 | (4) |
|
|
246 | (3) |
|
9 Elementary School Case Study |
|
|
249 | (28) |
|
9.1 The Case Study of the Elementary School Centro Educativo Italio Svizzero C.E.I.S. |
|
|
249 | (6) |
|
|
250 | (2) |
|
9.1.2 The Children Age 6--10 (Elementary School) |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
9.1.3 The Pedagogical Model of C.E.I.S. |
|
|
253 | (2) |
|
9.2 The Research Activity |
|
|
255 | (10) |
|
9.2.1 Questionnaire Submission (Sequence of the Questionnaire---the Day) |
|
|
255 | (10) |
|
9.3 Monitoring with Microclimate Datalogger and Probe |
|
|
265 | (4) |
|
9.4 Questionnaire Results |
|
|
269 | (6) |
|
|
275 | (2) |
|
10 Middle School Case Study |
|
|
277 | (24) |
|
10.1 The Case Study Middle School Tito Maccio Plauto |
|
|
277 | (3) |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
10.1.2 The Children Aged 11--14 Pre---adolescence |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
|
280 | (11) |
|
10.2.1 First Survey Campaign Following `School of the Future' Questionnaire |
|
|
280 | (3) |
|
10.2.2 Second Survey Campaign Following Our Questionnaire |
|
|
283 | (7) |
|
10.2.3 The Measurement Activity: Natural and Artificial Lighting |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
10.3 Questionnaire Results |
|
|
291 | (5) |
|
|
296 | (5) |
|
|
297 | (3) |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
|
301 | |
|
11.1 Why I Wrote This Book |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
|
302 | |