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Inherited Place: Broxmouth Hillfort and the South-east Scottish Iron Age [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 592 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 290x220x35 mm, kaal: 2350 g, Illustrations (chiefly colour), maps (colour), plans (colour); Illustrations (chiefly colour), maps (colour), plans (colour)
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jan-2013
  • Kirjastus: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
  • ISBN-10: 1908332050
  • ISBN-13: 9781908332059
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Inherited Place: Broxmouth Hillfort and the South-east Scottish Iron AgeSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 592 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 290x220x35 mm, kaal: 2350 g, Illustrations (chiefly colour), maps (colour), plans (colour); Illustrations (chiefly colour), maps (colour), plans (colour)
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jan-2013
  • Kirjastus: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
  • ISBN-10: 1908332050
  • ISBN-13: 9781908332059
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781908332059.html
Summary xv
Resume: French summary xvii
Zusammenfasung: German summary xix
List of contributors
xxi
List of illustrations
xxv
List of tables
xxxiii
Acknowledgements xxxvii
Part I INTRODUCING BROXMOUTH
1 An Iron Age inheritance
3(12)
1.1 Background
3(1)
1.2 Location, topography and geology
3(2)
1.3 Discovery and excavation
5(2)
1.4 Excavating the archive: 30 years on
7(4)
1.5 Iron Age studies: from the 1970s to the 2010s
11(2)
1.6 Structure of the volume
13(2)
2 Stratigraphy and phasing
15(10)
2.1 Introduction
15(1)
2.2 The recording system
15(1)
2.2.1 Context recording
15(1)
2.2.2 Finds recording
16(1)
2.3 Visual material: presentation and limitations
16(1)
2.4 Interpretations: then and now
16(1)
2.5 Defining the key areas
16(1)
2.5.1 General
16(1)
2.5.2 The South-west Entrance area
17(1)
2.5.3 The West Entrance area
17(1)
2.5.4 The East Entrance
17(1)
2.5.5 The interior
17(1)
2.5.6 The cemetery
17(1)
2.6 Phasing
17(2)
2.7 Survival and truncation
19(6)
Part II THE SETTLEMENT SEQUENCE
3 Phase 1: The Early Iron Age settlement
25(18)
Ian Armit
Rachael Kershaw
Jo Mckenzie
3.1 Introduction
25(1)
3.1.1 Broxmouth before the Iron Age
25(1)
3.1.2 Survival of Phase 1 features
26(1)
3.1.3 Characterising the surviving Phase 1 deposits
26(1)
3.1.4 Chronology
26(1)
3.2 The palisade and early ditch
26(3)
3.2.1 The palisade
26(2)
3.2.2 The early ditch
28(1)
3.2.3 Interpretation: the early enclosure
28(1)
3.3 Early houses and associated activity
29(9)
3.3.1 House A
29(4)
3.3.2 House B
33(4)
3.3.3 Reconstructing the structural form of Houses A and B
37(1)
3.4 Interior burials
38(1)
3.5 Broxmouth, Dryburn and the Early Iron Age in south-east Scotland
39(4)
4 Phases 2 and 3: The hillfort
43(50)
4.1 Introduction
43(4)
4.1.1 General
43(1)
4.1.2 The enclosure sequence
43(1)
4.1.3 The excavated ditch profiles
44(1)
4.1.4 The ditch infills and evidence for collapsed ramparts
45(2)
4.2 The East Entrance
47(2)
4.2.1 General
47(1)
4.2.2 The ditch sequence
47(1)
4.2.3 The Inner Ditch
48(1)
4.2.4 The Middle Ditch
48(1)
4.2.5 The Outer Ditch
48(1)
4.2.6 Surface features
49(1)
4.2.7 Interpretation
49(1)
4.3 The Western Ditches
49(2)
4.3.1 General
49(1)
4.3.2 The Inner Ditch
49(1)
4.3.3 The Middle Ditch
50(1)
4.3.4 The. Outer Ditch
51(1)
4.3.5 The Outermost Ditch
51(1)
4.4 The Trial Trench
51(2)
4.4.1 General
51(1)
4.4.2 The Inner Ditch
51(1)
4.4.3 The Middle Ditch
52(1)
4.4.4 The Outer Ditch
52(1)
4.5 Phase 2: the early hillfort
53(11)
4.5.1 General
53(1)
4.5.2 Chronology
54(1)
4.5.3 The ditch terminals and ramparts
54(1)
4.5.4 Phase 2a
55(1)
4.5.5 Phase 2b
56(7)
4.5.6 Phase 2b rampart decay and post-rampart activity
63(1)
4.6 Phase 3: the later hillfort
64(22)
4.6.1 General
64(1)
4.6.2 Chronology
64(1)
4.6.3 Phase 3 in the Inner Ditch West
64(1)
4.6.4 Phase 3a at the south-west: the first Inner Ditch recut
65(1)
4.6.5 Phase 3b: the South-west Entrance Gateway and Middle Ditch recut
66(4)
4.6.6 Phase 3c
70(11)
4.6.7 Phase 3d
81(2)
4.6.8 Phase 3/4 activity
83(3)
4.7 Discussion
86(7)
4.7.1 Redesign and renewal: rhythms of construction and modification
86(1)
4.7.2 The nature of the enclosure system
87(4)
4.7.3 Symbolism and defence
91(1)
4.7.4 Activity inside the hillfort
91(1)
4.7.5 The end of the enclosure system
92(1)
5 Phase 4: The post-hillfort settlement
93(10)
Ian Armit
Rachael Kershaw
Jo Mckenzie
5.1 Introduction
93(3)
5.1.1 Characterising Phase 4
93(1)
5.1.2 Chronology
93(1)
5.1.3 The excavated structures and other Inner Ditch deposits
93(3)
5.2 Earliest ditch fills
96(1)
5.3 Structure C
96(2)
5.3.1 Stage 1: construction and occupation
96(1)
5.3.2 Stage 2: secondary use of the interior
97(1)
5.3.3 Stage 3: abandonment (and later re-use?)
98(1)
5.4 Structure D
98(2)
5.4.1 Stage 1
98(1)
5.4.2 Stage 2
99(1)
5.5 Structure F
100(1)
5.6 Phase 4 remains elsewhere on the site
101(1)
5.7 Discussion
101(2)
6 Phase 5: The settlement and associated cemetery
103(12)
Ian Armit
Rachael Kershaw
Jo Mckenzie
6.1 Introduction
103(1)
6.2 The cemetery
103(6)
6.2.1 Discovery and excavation
103(1)
6.2.2 The graves
103(5)
6.2.3 Associated pits and other features
108(1)
6.3 The Phase 5 (and Phase 5/6) middens in the Inner Ditch West
109(3)
6.3.1 General
109(1)
6.3.2 Primary middens and associated deposits
109(1)
6.3.3 Secondary middens and associated deposits
110(1)
6.3.4 Tertiary middens and surfaces (Phase 5/6)
111(1)
6.3.5 Discussion
112(1)
6.4 Grave 3
112(1)
6.5 Discussion
113(2)
6.5.1 Characterising the cemetery
113(1)
6.5.2 Characterising the Phase 5 occupation
114(1)
7 Phase 6: The Late Iron Age village
115(72)
Lindsey Buster
Ian Armit
7.1 Introduction
115(2)
7.1.1 General
115(1)
7.1.2 Chronology
115(1)
7.1.3 Characterising Phase 6
115(2)
7.2 The South--west Entrance: enclosure, gateway, roadway and peripheral structures
117(4)
Ian Armit
Jo Mckenzie
7.2.1 The roadway
117(1)
7.2.2 Fragmentary structure
117(1)
7.2.3 The Inner Bank and gateway
117(3)
7.2.4 Disuse and redeposition
120(1)
7.2.5 Interpretation
121(1)
7.3 House 1 and underlying deposits
121(6)
Lindsey Buster
Ian Armit
Jo Mckenzie
7.3.1 Introduction
121(1)
7.3.2 Earliest activity
121(1)
7.3.3 Initial Phase 6 activity
121(1)
7.3.4 The roundhouse
121(2)
7.3.5 Unassigned Phase 6 pits
123(3)
7.3.6 Interpretation
126(1)
7.4 House 2
127(6)
7.4.1 Introduction
127(1)
7.4.2 Structure
127(4)
7.4.3 Internal features
131(1)
7.4.4 Floors and paving
132(1)
7.4.5 External features
132(1)
7.4.6 Interpretation
133(1)
7.5 House
133(5)
7.5.1 Introduction
133(1)
7.5.2 Stage 1
133(4)
7.5.3 Stage 2
137(1)
7.5.4 Interpretation
137(1)
7.6 House 4 and associated features
138(14)
1.6.1 Introduction
138(1)
7.6.2 Stage 1: the scooped roundhouse
139(2)
7.6.3 Stage 2: recutting and rewalling
141(4)
7.6.4 Stage 3: stone paving and spatial reordering
145(2)
7.6.5 Stage 4: rewalling and repaving
147(2)
7.6.6 Stage 5: rewalling and repaving
149(1)
7.6.7 Stage 6: decay and abandonment
150(1)
7.6.8 Pits north of House 4
150(1)
7.6.9 Interpretation
150(2)
7.7 House 5
152(5)
7.7.1 Introduction
152(1)
7.7.2 Stage 1: the double ring-groove roundhouse
152(1)
7.7.3 Stage 2: the scooped roundhouse
153(2)
7.7.4 Stage 3: rewalling and repaving
155(1)
7.7.5 Stage 4: abandonment
156(1)
7.7.6 Interpretation
156(1)
7.8 House 6
157(4)
7.8.1 Introduction
157(1)
7.8.2 The double ring-groove roundhouse
157(1)
7.8.3 Internal and external features
157(4)
7.8.4 Interpretation
161(1)
7.9 House 7
161(9)
7.9.1 Introduction
161(1)
7.9.2 Stage 1: the scooped roundhouse
161(6)
7.9.3 Stage 2: stone paving
167(1)
7.9.4 Stage 3: major repaving and conflagration
167(1)
7.9.5 Stage 4: rewalling
168(1)
7.9.6 Stage 5: disuse and infilling
169(1)
7.9.7 Interpretation
170(1)
7.10 House 8, associated and later activity
170(5)
Lindsey Buster
Ian Armit
Rachael Kershaw
7.10.1 Introduction
170(1)
7.10.2 House 8
170(2)
7.10.3 Later Phase 6 paving and associated features
172(2)
7.10.4 Interpretation
174(1)
7.11 Discussion
175(12)
7.11.1 Introduction: the enclosed village
175(1)
7.11.2 Roundhouse morphology
176(3)
7.11.3 Roof construction
179(1)
7.11.4 House pairs
180(1)
7.11.5 Rooms, partitions and upper floors
181(1)
7.11.6 Entrances and doorways
182(1)
7.11.7 Hearths
182(2)
7.11.8 Pits
184(1)
7.11.9 Structured deposition, foundation and abandonment
184(1)
7.11.10 How were the roundhouses used?
185(2)
8 Phase 7: Late visitations
187(4)
8.1 Introduction
187(1)
8.2 Grave 4
187(1)
8.3 Later activity
187(4)
Part III TIME, CULTURE, MATERIALITY
9 Chronology: radiocarbon dating and Bayesian modelling
191(34)
Derek Hamilton
Jo Mckenzie
Ian Armit
Lindsey Buster
9.1 Introduction
191(1)
9.2 Results and calibration
192(12)
9.3 Methodological approach
204(1)
9.4 Samples and the model
205(15)
9.4.1 Inner Ditch West
205(2)
9.4.2 Inner Ditch West sequence
207(3)
9.4.3 Inner Ditch West houses
210(2)
9.4.4 The South-west Entrance
212(1)
9.4.5 Inner Ditch south-west
212(1)
9.4.6 Middle Ditch south-west
213(1)
9.4.7 Outer Ditch south-west
214(1)
9.4.8 South-west Entrance: structural features
214(1)
9.4.9 Interior structures
214(4)
9.4.10 Burials
218(2)
9.5 Model results
220(3)
9.6 Discussion
223(2)
10 The finds
225(186)
10.1 Materials and materiality (MHAIRI MAXWELL)
225(9)
10.1.1 Introduction
225(1)
10.1.2 Preservation and recovery
225(1)
10.1.3 Phasing and chronology
226(2)
10.1.4 Biographies of materials
228(5)
10.1.5 The materiality of Broxmouth
233(1)
10.2 Pottery
234(17)
10.2.1 Later prehistoric pottery (ANN MacSWEEN)
234(15)
10.2.2 Samian pottery (LOUISA CAMPBELL)
249(1)
10.2.3 Middle Neolithic pottery (TREVOR COWIE)
249(1)
10.2.4 Post-Medieval ceramics (NIGEL D MELTON)
250(1)
10.2.5 Baked clay/daub
250(1)
10.2.6 Residue analysis (MHAIRI MAXWELL AND CARL HERON)
251(1)
10.3 Worked bone and antler (FRASER HUNTER, ANNE-MARIE GIBSON and JULIA GERKEN)
251(58)
19.3.1 Introduction
251(1)
10.3.2 Sources of raw materials
251(3)
10.3.3 Working evidence
254(2)
10.3.4 Production technology and its development
256(1)
10.3.5 Object range
257(3)
10.3.6 Decoration
260(1)
10.3.7 The assemblage in context
261(3)
10.3.8 Catalogue
264(45)
10.3.9 Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy of the antler drum (SF278) (MHAIRI MAXWELL, ADRIAN EVANS and HOWELL G M EDWARDS)
309(1)
10.4 Coarse stone
309(63)
10.4.1 The rotary quern stones (DAWN McLAREN)
309(21)
10.4.2 Saddle querns (DAWN McLAREN AND IAN ARMIT)
330(3)
10.4.3 Stone balls (H E M COOL AND M J BAXTER)
333(15)
10.4.4 Shale and cannel coal (FRASER HUNTER)
348(9)
10.4.5 Other worked stone (H E M COOL)
357(15)
10.5 Lithics (TORBEN BJARKE BALLIN)
372(1)
10.6 Copper alloy
372(6)
10.6.1 Discussion
372(3)
10.6.2 Catalogue
375(3)
10.6.3 XRF analysis (SUSY KIRK, DAVID DUNGWORTH AND FRASER HUNTER)
378(1)
10.7 Iron (FRASER HUNTER)
378(15)
10.7.1 Introduction
378(1)
10.7.2 Discussion
379(1)
10.7.3 Catalogue
380(2)
10.7.4 Metallographic analysis (GERRY McDONNELL)
382(11)
10.8 Metallurgical and vitrified material (GERRY McDONNELL)
393(9)
10.8.1 Introduction
393(1)
10.8.2 Methodology
393(1)
10.8.3 Results
394(3)
10.8.4 Discussion
397(1)
10.8.5 Conclusions
398(1)
10.8.6 Catalogue
399(3)
10.9 Roman glass (H E M COOL)
402(1)
10.10 Glass bangles and the dating of the Phase 6 hoard (JAMES BRUHN)
402(5)
10.10.1 Introduction
402(1)
10.10.2 Discussion
402(3)
10.10.3 Dating of the Phase 6 hoard
405(1)
10.10.4 General observations
405(1)
10.10.5 Catalogue
406(1)
10.11 Coral bead (FRASER HUNTER)
407(1)
10.12 Worked shell (SONIA O'CONNOR)
408(3)
Part IV PEOPLE, SUBSISTENCE, ECONOMY
11 The dead
411(22)
Ian Armit
Naomi Neale
Fiona Shapland
Hannah Bosworth
Jo Mckenzie
11.1 Introduction
411(1)
11.2 Human remains from the cemetery and interior burials
411(8)
11.2.1 Introduction
411(1)
11.2.2 Preservation and completeness
412(1)
11.2.3 Sex assessment
412(1)
11.2.4 Age estimation
412(1)
11.2.5 Stature
413(1)
11.2.6 Metric data
414(1)
11.2.7 Health and disease
414(3)
11.2.8 Trauma
417(1)
11.2.9 Skeleton catalogue
417(2)
11.3 Human remains in unlikely places: the disarticulated remains
419(6)
11.3.1 Introduction
419(1)
11.3.2 Preservation and condition
420(1)
11.3.3 Sex assessment
420(1)
11.3.4 Age estimation
420(1)
11.3.5 Health, disease and trauma
421(4)
11.3.6 Working
425(1)
11.4 Chronology
425(2)
11.4.1 General
425(1)
11.4.2 The cemetery
425(1)
11.4.3 The isolated graves
425(1)
11.4.4 The disarticulated fragments
425(2)
11.5 Stable isotope analysis
427(1)
11.6 Death and burial at Broxmouth
428(5)
11.6.1 Enemies and ancestors
428(2)
11.6.2 Burial traditions in East Lothian and beyond
430(3)
12 Reconstructing economy and subsistence at Broxmouth
433(46)
12.1 Introduction
433(1)
12.2 Animal bone (JULIA E M CUSSANS)
433(38)
12.2.1 Introduction
433(1)
12.2.2 Recording
433(1)
12.2.3 Taphonomy
434(2)
12.2.4 Species presence and abundance
436(5)
12.2.5 Age at death and animal husbandry
441(4)
12.2.6 Sex
445(4)
12.2.7 Butchery and body part representation
449(6)
12.2.8 Cattle biometry
455(1)
12.2.9 Non-metric traits
455(5)
12.2.10 Other domesticates
460(1)
12.2.11 Specific bone deposits
461(2)
12.2.12 Pathology (JEANETTE WOODING)
463(2)
12.2.13 Discussion of the large mammal assemblage
465(4)
12.2.14 Micro-mammals (LENNY SALVAGNO)
469(2)
12.3 Bird bone (LENNY SALVAGNO)
471(2)
12.3.1 Introduction
471(1)
12.3.2 Method
471(1)
12.3.3 Results
471(2)
12.3.4 Discussion
473(1)
12.4 Fish (HANNAH RUSS)
473(2)
12.4.1 Introduction
473(1)
12.4.2 Method
474(1)
12.4.3 Results
474(1)
12.4.4 Discussion
474(1)
12.5 Crustacea (HANNAH RUSS)
475(1)
12.5.1 Introduction
475(1)
12.5.2 Method
475(1)
12.5.3 Results
475(1)
12.5.4 Discussion
476(1)
12.6 Marine molluscs (IAN ARMIT, PAUL RENNER, STEFFAN GOLBY and JO McKENZIE)
476(2)
12.6.1 Introduction
476(1)
12.6.2 Method
476(1)
12.6.3 Results
476(1)
12.6.4 Discussion
477(1)
12.6.5 Conclusion
478(1)
12.7 Carbonised plant macrofossils and charcoal
478(1)
13 Broxmouth and its neighbours: the Iron Age landscape
479(12)
Rachael Reader
Ian Armit
13.1 Introduction
479(1)
13.2 Data and methods
480(2)
13.3 Enclosure morphology
482(2)
13.4 Distribution and location
484(7)
13.4.1 Upland/lowland divisions
484(2)
13.4.2 Settlement clusters and the `Traprain gap'
486(5)
Part V DISCUSSION
14 Place and memory in the Iron Age of south-east Scotland
491(24)
14.1 Introduction
491(1)
14.2 The great unknowns: evaluating taphonomic processes at Broxmouth
491(3)
14.3 Birth, life and death of a hillfort: a speculative summary
494(5)
14.4 Living and dying at Broxmouth
499(5)
14.4.1 Introduction
499(1)
14.4.2 How many people lived at Broxmouth?
499(2)
14.4.3 How did the community organise itself?
501(2)
14.4.4 Specialisation and co-operation
503(1)
14.4.5 Dealing with the dead
504(1)
14.5 Farmscapes, wildscapes and seascapes
504(2)
14.5.1 The farming economy
504(1)
14.5.2 Wild resources and the sea
505(1)
14.5.3 Landscape and movement
506(1)
14.6 Social landscapes, hinterlands and networks
506(5)
14.7 Place, memory and landscape
511(2)
14.8 Research directions
513(2)
Appendix 515(2)
References 517(16)
Index 533