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Innumeracy in the Wild: Misunderstanding and Misusing Numbers [Kõva köide]

(Philip H. Knight Chair, Professor of Journalism and Communication, Director of the Media Center for Science and Technology, Univeristy of Oregon)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 314 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 236x155x28 mm, kaal: 576 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Jul-2020
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0190861096
  • ISBN-13: 9780190861094
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Hardback, 314 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 236x155x28 mm, kaal: 576 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Jul-2020
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0190861096
  • ISBN-13: 9780190861094
Teised raamatud teemal:
Our grasp of numbers and uncertainty is one of humankind's most distinctive and important traits. It is pivotal to our exceptional ability to control the world around us as we make short-term choices and forecast far into the future. But very smart people can struggle with numbers in ways that pose negative consequences for their decision making. Numeric ability equips individuals with vital tools that allow them to take charge of various aspects of their life. The more numerate enjoy superior health, wealth, and employment outcomes, while the innumerate remain more vulnerable.

This book presents the logic, rules, and habits that highly numerate people use in decision making. Innumeracy in the Wild also introduces two additional ways of knowing numbers that complement and compensate for lower numeric ability and explores how numeric abilities develop and where mistakes are made. It offers a state-of-the-art review of the now sizeable body of psychological and applied findings that demonstrate the critical importance of numeracy in our world. With more than two decades of experience in the decision sciences, Ellen Peters demonstrates how intervention can foster adult numeric capacity, propel people to use numeric facts in decision making, and empower those with lower numeracy to reason better.

Arvustused

Peters presents a fascinating interdisciplinary examination of how well people understand and use numbers. Although intended mostly for other researchers, there is tremendous value for those who just want to understand their own numeracy and its sometimes surprising consequences, as well as improve upon it in order to make better decisions. * Richard Petty, Professor of Psychology, The Ohio State University * Ellen Peters' Innumeracy in the Wild is a compelling exploration of the psychological mechanisms that explain why and how numbers lead to poor decisions by some and sound ones by others. This book is a must read for those across the academy concerned with correcting misinformed beliefs about health, finances, and politics. * Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Elizabeth Ware Packard Professor of Communication, University of Pennsylvania * In Innumeracy in the Wild, Ellen Peters offers a multi-faceted, empirically driven approach to a major societal challenge: ensuring that non-experts receive scientifically sound information in the timely, comprehensible form needed for them to make effective decisions and have voice in domains where they might otherwise be disenfranchised. * Baruch Fischhoff, Howard Heinz University Professor, Carnegie Mellon University * My copy is already full of ticked sentences and crosses in the margin of the numerous references that I still want to check. So this book is highly recommended. Anyone who thinks they are bad with numbers will learn a lot from them. And who thinks he is good with numbers, especially. * Translated from Skepsis *

Preface vii
Acknowledgments xi
I INTRODUCTION
1 The Types and Extent of Innumeracy
3(14)
II THE OBJECTIVELY INNUMERATE
2 Innumeracy, Incomprehension, and Inconsistency
17(9)
3 Reliance on Heuristics and Concrete, Easy-to-Evaluate Attributes
26(14)
4 Feelings and Frames
40(21)
III THE HABITS OF THE HIGHLY NUMERATE
5 Thinking Harder with Numbers
61(10)
6 The Highly Numerate Understand the Feel of Numbers
71(9)
7 Numeric Sensitivity and Consistent Use of Numbers
80(8)
8 Numerically Imperfect Reasoning Among the Highly Numerate
88(13)
IV OBJECTIVE NUMERACY, LIFE OUTCOMES, AND RESEARCH ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES
9 Numeracy's Secret Connection with Life Outcomes
101(14)
10 Issues and Opportunities in Objective Numeracy Research
115(12)
V THE EMERGENCE OF NUMBER UNDERSTANDING
11 The Approximate Number System (ANS) and Discriminating Magnitudes
127(13)
12 Genetics and Formal Education
140(13)
VI TWO ADDITIONAL WAYS OF KNOWING NUMBERS
13 Discriminating Numbers Allows for Better Decisions
153(16)
14 Subjective Numeracy and Knowing What You Know
169(20)
VII NUMBERS ARE JUST NUMBERS: THE IMPOTENCE OF DATA VERSUS THE POWER OF INFORMATION
15 Evidence-Based Information Presentation Matters
189(7)
16 Provide Numbers but Reduce Cognitive Effort
196(19)
17 Provide Evaluative Meaning and Direct Attention
215(24)
VIII BECOMING MORE NUMERATE
18 Training Numeracy
239(18)
19 Reflections on Numeracy and the Power of Reasoning Numerically
257(10)
Appendix 267(22)
Name Index 289(2)
Subject Index 291
Ellen Peters is Philip H. Knight Chair, Professor of Journalism and Communication, and Director of the Media Center for Science and Technology at the University of Oregon. She studies the basic building blocks of human judgment and decision making and is particularly interested in how people think and feel their way through decisions in our increasingly complex world.