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Institutionalizing Violence: Strategies of Jihad in Egypt [Kõva köide]

(Research associate at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (IHEID) (Centre on Conflict, Development & Peacebuilding (CCDP)), Senior analyst on Jihad and Modern Conflict at International Crisis Group (ICG))
  • Formaat: Hardback, 264 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 162x237x22 mm, kaal: 540 g, 22 Tables and Figures
  • Ilmumisaeg: 23-Sep-2022
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0197643698
  • ISBN-13: 9780197643693
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Hardback, 264 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 162x237x22 mm, kaal: 540 g, 22 Tables and Figures
  • Ilmumisaeg: 23-Sep-2022
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0197643698
  • ISBN-13: 9780197643693
Teised raamatud teemal:
"This chapter presents the analytical framework of this book in the contentious politics research agenda. The book situates jihadi groups in a multilevel environment constituted by their political environment, social movement, the security services, the public, and a potential countermovement. This chapter argues that jihadi groups can successively radicalise in interaction with any of these actors. The first argument is that radicalisation forces them to institutionalise along one dimension. The second argument is that the succession of several phases of radicalisation and institutionalisation shapes their long-term trajectories and strategic choices"--

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.

The Egyptian al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya and Islamic Jihad have shaped the trajectory of jihadi salafism since its inception and defined a key strategic divide between mass-movement mobilization and elitist avant-gardism. Despite their shared histories, however, al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya rejected al-Qaeda's transnational violence and became a political party after 2011, whereas Islamic Jihad has formed the backbone of Osama bin Laden's organization.

These strategic divergences are puzzling since these groups emerged in the same country around congruent ideologies. Institutionalizing Violience develops an institutional approach to radicalization to compare the two groups' comparative trajectories. It is based on extensive field research conducted with their leaders and members in Egypt. The interviews provide a unique perspective on how jihadi groups make and implement new strategic decisions in changing environments, as well as the evolution of their approaches to violence and non-violence.

Arvustused

Jerome Drevon's Institutionalizing Violence is a remarkable piece of scholarship. It advances our theoretical understanding of Salafi groups' radicalization and de-radicalization, and the centrality of institutionalization to groups' strategic choices. Its empirical chapters, focused on Egyptian Salafi-Jihadi groups, are fascinating, the result of exceptional access to important figures in these organizations. Drevon also has a unique ability to breathtakingly tell their story. This book is a must read for students of social movements, terrorism studies, and the Jihadi movement. * Barak Mendelsohn, Haverford University * If we want to find new and more constructive ways of managing the threat stemming from jihadist militancy, we need to understand how jihadist organizations function. In this excellent book, Jérôme Drevon draws on unique material gathered through extensive in-country research in Egypt, and convincingly shows how different types of jihadist organizational patterns influence the groups' trajectories, including the chances for conflict termination and political accommodation. A must-read for anyone interested in jihadist militancy and the sociology of violence more broadly. * Isak Svensson, Uppsala University * Richly researched, considered, and incisive, Institutionalizing Violence is a work that not only deserves wide readership, but is one with which all serious researchers of jihadist movements must contend. Jerome Drevon's excellent scholarship and exceptional access to historical figures in Egypt's most influential jihadist groups combine here in a new study that provides unique insight into strategic decision making within militant organizations. For these reasons, this book is essential reading. * Leah Farrall, former senior counterterrorism analyst with the Australian Federal Police * In his remarkable book, Drevon (Geneva Graduate Institute, Switzerland) advances a well-grounded theoretical understanding of the radicalization and de-radicalization of Salafi groups and the centrality of institutionalization to the groups' strategic choices. Drevon's excellent book draws on unique materials gathered through extensive, in-country research in Egypt, which convincingly shows how different types of jihadist organizational patterns influence the trajectories of the groups, including their chances for conflict termination and political accommodation. This richly researched project is excellent scholarship because of the exceptional access Drevon had to historical figures in Egypt's most influential jihadist groups, which provides unique insight into strategic decision-making within militant organizations. * Choice *

List of Illustrations
ix
Acknowledgments xi
List of Abbreviations
xiii
Arabic Glossary xv
Arabic Transliteration xix
1 Introduction
1(20)
1.1 How Important are Jihadi Groups' Strategic Developments?
3(2)
1.2 Jihad and Its Aftermath in Egypt
5(3)
1.3 The Concepts of Radicalization and Institutionalization
8(2)
1.4 The First Argument: Jihadi Groups' Radicalization and Institutionalization
10(2)
1.5 The Second Argument: Jihadi Groups' Institutionalization and Long-Term Strategic Evolution
12(1)
1.6 The Scope of the Model and Contribution to Existing Research
13(3)
1.7
Chapter Overview
16(5)
2 Institutionalizing Violence
21(25)
2.1 Jihadi Groups' Relational Radicalization
22(6)
2.2 Comparative Mechanisms of Radicalization and Beyond
28(4)
2.3 Jihadi Groups' Institutionalization
32(6)
2.4 Radicalization and Institutionalization
38(4)
2.5 Institutionalization and Long-Term Strategic Evolution
42(4)
3 Two Trajectories to Jihad
46(30)
3.1 The Seeds of Violence before and after Nasser's Free Officers
46(5)
3.2 Religion and Politics under Sadat
51(2)
3.3 Covert Jihad Group Mobilization
53(8)
3.4 From Mass Movement Proselytization to Jihad
61(6)
3.5 Toward an Armed Confrontation: Killing Pharaoh
67(5)
3.6 Conclusion
72(4)
4 Strategy Institutionalization
76(37)
4.1 Cementing the Roots of Salafi Jihadi Opposition to the Regime in Prison
77(3)
4.2 Early Institutionalization after Sadat's Assassination Trials
80(4)
4.3 Denouncing Other Islamists and Religious Institutions
84(4)
4.4 A Contentious Exile to Afghanistan and Pakistan and the Cradle of al-Qaeda
88(5)
4.5 Ideological Radicalization in Exile?
93(4)
4.6 A Strategic Deadlock and the Transnationalization of Jihad
97(4)
4.7 Reinterpreting Salafi Jihadi Ideology
101(6)
4.8 Conclusion
107(6)
5 Confronting the Regime and Fighting the Far Enemy
113(43)
5.1 Reacting to Repression
113(12)
5.2 The Militarization of the Conflict
125(8)
5.3 A Fight for Survival
133(11)
5.4 Relocating Jihad Abroad
144(7)
5.5 Conclusion
151(5)
6 The Emergence of Non-Violent Political Alternatives
156(33)
6.1 What Happened to the Other Islamists?
156(9)
6.2 The Institutionalization of Jihadi Groups' Collective Identities
165(12)
6.3 Responding to a Short-Lived Democratization
177(8)
6.4 Conclusion
185(4)
7 Conclusion
189(10)
7.1 The Institutional Trajectories of the Islamic and Jihad Groups
189(2)
7.2 Armed Violence beyond Egypt
191(6)
7.2.1 The Strategic Development of Al-Qaeda and Islamic State
191(2)
7.2.2 Political Violence and Democracy
193(2)
7.2.3 The Role of Ideas
195(2)
7.3 Understanding Jihadi Groups as Groups
197(2)
Annex: Methodology and Field Research 199(6)
Bibliography 205(32)
Index 237
Jérôme Drevon is senior analyst on Jihad and Modern Conflict at the International Crisis Group (ICG) and research associate at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (IHEID) (Centre on Conflict, Development & Peacebuilding (CCDP)). He was previously advisor for Non-State Armed Groups at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Jerome has undertaken extensive field research and interviews with salafi jihadi militants in Egypt and Syria.