|
|
1 | (16) |
|
1.1 Why Write a Book on Computer-Based Scaffolding in STEM Education? |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
1.2 What This Book Covers |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
1.3 Problem-Centered Instructional Approaches and STEM |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
1.5 Central Premises Behind This Book |
|
|
6 | (2) |
|
1.6 Structure of the Book |
|
|
8 | (9) |
|
|
10 | (7) |
|
2 Instructional Scaffolding: Foundations and Evolving Definition |
|
|
17 | (38) |
|
2.1 Historical Definition |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
|
19 | (5) |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
2.2.2 Providing Just the Right Amount of Support |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (3) |
|
2.3.1 One-to-One Scaffolding |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
2.3.3 Computer-Based Scaffolding |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
2.4 Considerations as the Instructional Scaffolding Metaphor was Applied to Computer Tools |
|
|
27 | (28) |
|
2.4.1 Theoretical Bases of Computer-Based Scaffolding |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
28 | (4) |
|
|
32 | (4) |
|
2.4.1.3 Knowledge Integration |
|
|
36 | (3) |
|
2.4.1.4 Comparison of Theoretical Foundations |
|
|
39 | (3) |
|
2.4.2 Design of Computer-Based Scaffolding |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
2.4.3 Interplay Between Computer-Based and One-to-One Scaffolding |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
|
44 | (11) |
|
3 Context of Use of Computer-Based Scaffolding |
|
|
55 | (24) |
|
3.1 Rationale for this Chapter |
|
|
55 | (2) |
|
|
57 | (2) |
|
3.2.1 Results from the Meta-Analysis |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
3.3.1 Results from the Meta-Analysis |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
60 | (2) |
|
3.4.1 Results from the Meta-Analysis |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
3.5 Instructional Model with Which Scaffolding is Used |
|
|
62 | (17) |
|
3.5.1 Problem-Based Learning |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
3.5.2 Case-Based Learning |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
3.5.3 Design-Based Learning |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
3.5.4 Inquiry-Based Learning |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
3.5.5 Project-Based Learning |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
3.5.6 Other Instructional Approaches |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
3.5.7 Results from the Meta-Analysis |
|
|
68 | (2) |
|
|
70 | (9) |
|
4 Intended Learning Outcomes and Assessment of Computer-Based Scaffolding |
|
|
79 | (28) |
|
4.1 Rationale for this Chapter |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
4.2 Targeted Learning Outcomes of Scaffolding |
|
|
80 | (15) |
|
4.2.1 Higher-Order Thinking Skills |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
4.2.1.1 III-Structured Problem-Solving Ability |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
4.2.1.2 Argumentation Ability |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
4.2.1.3 Self-Directed Learning Ability |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
4.2.1.4 Alignment with NGSS |
|
|
84 | (8) |
|
4.2.2 Learning Content Deeply |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
4.2.2.1 Alignment with STEM Education Goals |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
4.2.3 Results from Meta-Analysis |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
95 | (12) |
|
4.3.1 Results from Meta-Analysis |
|
|
96 | (2) |
|
|
98 | (9) |
|
5 Computer-Based Scaffolding Strategy |
|
|
107 | (20) |
|
|
107 | (2) |
|
|
109 | (5) |
|
5.2.1 Conceptual Scaffolding |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
5.2.2 Strategic Scaffolding |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
5.2.3 Metacognitive Scaffolding |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
5.2.4 Motivation Scaffolding |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
5.2.5 Results from the Meta-Analysis |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
5.3.2 Results from Meta-Analysis |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
5.4 Customization Presence or Absence |
|
|
116 | (2) |
|
5.4.1 Results from Meta-Analysis |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
118 | (9) |
|
5.5.1 Results from Meta-Analysis |
|
|
119 | (2) |
|
|
121 | (6) |
|
|
127 | (16) |
|
|
127 | (2) |
|
6.2 How the Meta-Analysis Responds to Persistent Debates in the Scaffolding and Problem-Centered Instruction Literature |
|
|
129 | (4) |
|
6.2.1 Scaffold Customization |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
6.2.2 Problem-Centered Instruction and Content Learning |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
6.2.3 Context Specificity |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
6.2.4 Higher-Order Thinking Skills Versus Content Knowledge |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
6.2.5 Scaffolding Strategy |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
6.3 Other Interesting Findings |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
6.3.1 Scaffolding's Effectiveness in Different STEM Disciplines |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
6.3.2 Scaffolding's Effectiveness by Grade Level |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
6.4 Directions for Future Research |
|
|
134 | (2) |
|
|
136 | (7) |
|
|
137 | (6) |
Index |
|
143 | |