1 Introduction |
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1.1 Development of Welding and Manufacturing Technology |
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1.2 Sensing Technology for Arc Welding Process |
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1.3 Visual Sensing Technology for Arc Welding Process |
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1.3.1 Active Visual Sensing |
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1.3.2 Passive Direct Visual Sensing |
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1.3.3 Image Processing Methods |
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1.4 Modeling Methods for Arc Welding Process |
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1.4.2 Identification, Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network Models |
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1.5 Intelligent Control Strategies for Arc Welding Process |
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1.6 The Organized Framework of the Book |
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2 Visual Sensing Systems for Arc Welding Process |
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2.1 Description of the Real-Time Control Systems with Visual Sensing of Weld Pool for the Pulsed GTAW Process |
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2.2 The Visual Sensing System and Images of Weld Pool During Low Carbon Steel Pulsed GTAW |
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2.2.1 Analysis of the Sensing Conditions for Low Carbon Steel |
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2.2.2 Capturing Simultaneous Images of Weld Pool in a Frame from Two Directions |
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2.2.3 Capturing Simultaneous Images of Weld Pool in a Frame from Three Directions |
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2.3 The Visual Sensing System and Images of Weld Pool During Aluminium Alloy Pulsed GTAW |
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2.3.1 Analysis of the Sensing Conditions for Aluminium Alloy |
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2.3.2 Capturing Simultaneous Images of Weld Pool in a Frame from Two Directions |
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2.3.3 Capturing Simultaneous Images of Weld Pool in a Frame from Three Directions |
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2.4 The Chapter Conclusion Remarks |
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3 Information Acquirement of Arc Welding Process |
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3.1 Acquiring Two Dimensional Characteristics from Weld Pool Image During Pulsed GTAW |
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3.1.1 Definition of Weld Pool Shape Parameters |
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3.1.2 The Processing and Characteristic Computing of Low Carbon Steel Weld Pool Images |
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3.1.3 The Processing and Characteristic Computing of Aluminium Alloy Weld Pool Image |
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3.2 Acquiring Three Dimensional Characteristics from Monocular Image of Weld Pool During Pulsed GTAW |
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3.2.1 Definition of Topside Weld Pool Height |
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3.2.2 Extracting Surface Height of the Weld Pool from Arc Reflection Position |
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3.2.3 Extracting Surface Height of the Weld Pool by Shape from Shading |
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3.3 The Software of Image Processing and Characteristic Extracting of Weld Pool During Pulsed GTAW |
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3.3.1 The Framework and Function of the Software System |
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3.3.2 The Directions for Using the Software System |
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3.4 The Chapter Conclusion Remarks |
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4 Modeling Methods of Weld Pool Dynamics During Pulsed GTAW |
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4.1 Analysis on Welding Dynamics |
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4.1.1 Transient Responses with Pulse Duty Ratio Step Changes |
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4.1.2 Transient Responses with Welding Velocity Step Changes |
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4.1.3 Transient Responses with Peak Current Step Changes |
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4.1.4 Transient Responses with Wire Feeding Velocity Step Changes |
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4.2 Identification Models of Weld Pool Dynamics |
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4.2.1 Linear Stochastic Models of Aluminium Alloy Weld Pool Dynamics |
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4.2.2 Nonlinear Models of Low Carbon Steel Weld Pool Dynamics |
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4.3 Artificial Neural Network Models of Weld Pool Dynamics |
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4.3.1 BWHDNNM Model for Predicting Backside Width and Topside Height During Butt Pulsed GTAW |
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4.3.2 BNNM Model for Predicting Backside Width During Butt Pulsed GTAW |
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4.3.3 BHDNNM Model for Predicting Backside Width and Topside Height During Butt Pulsed GTAW Based on Three-Dimensional Image Processing |
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4.3.4 SSNNM Model During Butt Pulsed GTAW |
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4.4 Knowledge Models of Weld Pool Dynamical Process |
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4.4.1 Extraction of Fuzzy Rules Models of Weld Pool Dynamical Process |
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4.4.2 Knowledge Models Based-on Rough Sets for Weld Pool Dynamical Process Based on Classic Theory |
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4.4.3 A Variable Precision Rough Set Based Modeling Method for Pulsed GTAW |
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4.5 The Chapter Conclusion Remarks |
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5 Intelligent Control Strategies for Arc Welding Process |
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5.1 Open-Loop Experiments |
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5.2 PID Controller for Weld Pool Dynamics During Pulsed GTAW |
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5.2.1 PID Control Algorithm |
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5.2.2 Welding Experiments with PID Controller |
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5.3 PSD Controller for Weld Pool Dynamics During Pulsed GTAW |
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5.3.1 PSD Controller Algorithms |
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5.3.2 Welding Experiments with PSD Controller |
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5.4 NN Self-Learning Controller for Dynamical Weld Pool During Pulsed GTAW |
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5.4.1 FNNC Control Algorithm |
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5.4.2 Experiment of FNNC Control Scheme |
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5.5 Model-Free Adaptive Controller for Arc Welding Dynamics |
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5.5.1 Preliminary of Model-Free Adaptive Control (MFC) |
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5.5.2 The Improved Model-Free Adaptive Control with G Function Fuzzy Reasoning Regulation |
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5.5.3 Realization and Simulation of Improved Control Algorithm |
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5.5.4 Controlled Experiments on Pulsed GTAW Process |
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5.6 Composite Intelligent Controller for Weld Pool Dynamics During Pulsed GTAW |
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5.6.1 FNNC- Expert System Controller for Low Carbon Steel During Butt Welding |
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5.6.2 FNNC- Forward Feed Controller for Low Carbon Steel During Butt Welding with Gap Variations |
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5.6.3 Compensated Adaptive- Fuzzy Controller for Aluminiun, Alloy During Butt Welding |
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5.6.4 Adaptive-Fuzzy Controller Based on Nonlinear Model for Low Carbon Steel During Butt Welding with Wire Filler |
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5.7 The Chapter Conclusion Remarks |
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6 Real-Time Control of Weld Pool Dynamics During Robotic GTAW |
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6.1 Real-Time Control of Low Carbon Steel Weld Pool Dynamics by PID Controller During Robotic Pulsed GTAW |
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6.1.1 Welding Robot Systems with Vision Sensing and Real-Time Control of Arc Weld Dynamics |
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6.1.2 Weld Pool Image Processing During Robotic Pulsed GTAW |
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6.1.3 Modeling of Dynamic Welding Process |
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6.1.4 Real-Time Control of Low Carbon Steel Welding Pool by PID Regulator During Robotic Pulsed GTAW |
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6.2 Real-Time Control of Weld Pool Dynamics and Seam Forming by Neural Self-Learning Controller During Robotic Pulsed GTAW |
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6.2.1 Neuron Self-Learning PSD Controller for Low Carbon Steel Weld Pool |
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6.2.2 Adaptive Neural PID Controller for Aluminium Alloy Welding Pool |
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6.3 Vision-Based Real-Time Control of Weld Seam Tracking and Weld Pool Dynamics During Aluminium Alloy Robotic Pulsed GTAW |
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6.3.1 Welding Robotic System |
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6.3.2 Image Processing During the Robot Seam Tracking |
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6.3.3 Seam Tracking Controller of the Welding Robot |
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6.3.4 Experiment Results of Seam Tracking and Monitoring During Robotic Welding |
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6.4 Compound Intelligent Control of Weld Pool Dynamics with Visual Monitoring During Robotic Aluminium Alloy Pulsed GTAW |
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6.4.1 The Robotic Welding Systems with Visual Monitoring During Pulsed GTAW |
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6.4.2 Image Obtaining and Processing for Weld Pool During Robotic Welding |
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6.4.3 Modeling and Control Scheme for Welding Robot System |
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6.4.4 Penetration Control Procedure and Results by Robotic Welding |
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6.5 The Chapter Conclusion Remarks |
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7 Conclusion Remarks |
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Index |
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