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1 | (12) |
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1.1 Status Quo and Trends of Interconnected Systems |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Stability Problems of Interconnected Systems |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3 WAMS Technology and Its Application in Interconnected Systems |
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4 | (1) |
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1.4 Low-Frequency Oscillation Analysis Methods |
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5 | (2) |
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1.5 Challenges of Wide Area Dynamic Monitoring and Control |
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7 | (6) |
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9 | (4) |
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2 Theoretical Foundation of Low-Frequency Oscillations |
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13 | (26) |
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2.1 The Basic Principles of Low-Frequency Oscillation |
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13 | (6) |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (3) |
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2.2 Techniques Based on System Model |
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19 | (5) |
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2.2.1 Linearization of the State Equation |
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20 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Calculation of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Determination of Oscillation Parameters |
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22 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Brief Summary of System Model Analysis Techniques |
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23 | (1) |
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2.3 Techniques Based on Measured Information |
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24 | (12) |
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2.3.1 Discrete Fourier Transform |
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24 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Prony Algorithm and Multi-Prony |
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26 | (3) |
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2.3.3 Wavelet Transform and Its Improvements |
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29 | (2) |
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2.3.4 Hilbert-Huang Transform |
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31 | (5) |
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36 | (3) |
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36 | (3) |
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3 Oscillatory Parameters Computation Based on Improved HHT |
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39 | (20) |
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3.1 Introduction of Improved Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) |
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39 | (12) |
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3.1.1 The Selection of Stop Criterion for Sifting in EMD |
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39 | (2) |
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3.1.2 End Effects and Extrema Symmetrical Extension |
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41 | (3) |
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3.1.3 Mode-Mixing and Frequency Heterodyne Technique (FHT) |
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44 | (6) |
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3.1.4 The Improved EMD Based on ESE and FHT |
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50 | (1) |
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3.2 Time and Frequency Analysis of Intrinsic Mode Function |
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51 | (2) |
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3.3 Normalized Hilbert Transform (NHT) |
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53 | (3) |
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3.3.1 Decompose the IMF into AM and FM Parts |
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54 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Calculation of the Instantaneous Frequency |
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55 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Calculation of the Instantaneous Amplitude and Damping Ratio |
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56 | (1) |
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3.4 The Flowchart of the Improved HHT |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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4 Oscillation Model Identification Based on Nonlinear Hybrid Method (NHM) |
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59 | (16) |
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4.1 Identification of Dominant Oscillation Mode |
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59 | (2) |
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4.2 The Processing of Oscillation Mode Identification |
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61 | (6) |
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4.2.1 Calculation of the Absolute Phase (AP) and Relative Phase (RP) of IMF |
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61 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Determination of Node Contribution Factor (NCF) |
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62 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Computation of Approximate Mode Shape (AMS) |
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63 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Coherency of the Measured Signals |
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64 | (1) |
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4.2.5 Flowchart of the Nonlinear Hybrid Method (NHM) |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (7) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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5 Identification of Dominant Complex Orthogonal Mode (COM) |
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75 | (18) |
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5.1 Introduction of Spatial and Temporal Behaviors of Oscillation Mode |
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75 | (2) |
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5.2 Construction of the Complex Ensemble Measurement Matrix |
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77 | (1) |
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5.3 Implementations of Complex Orthogonal Decomposition (COD) |
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78 | (5) |
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5.3.1 Complex Eigenvalues Decomposition (C-ED) |
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78 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Complex Singular Value Decomposition (C-SVD) |
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79 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Augmented Matrix Decomposition (AMD) |
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80 | (2) |
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5.3.4 Definition of Relevant COMs |
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82 | (1) |
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5.4 Extraction of the Propagating Features |
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83 | (1) |
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5.4.1 Spatial Energy Distribution |
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83 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Temporal Dynamic Characteristics |
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83 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Energy Contribution Factor (ECF) |
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84 | (1) |
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5.5 The Flowchart of Proposed COD |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (6) |
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5.6.1 Description of Sliding Window |
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85 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Sliding Window Recursive Algorithm (SWRA) of COD |
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86 | (1) |
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5.6.3 Applications of the COD-SWRA |
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87 | (4) |
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91 | (2) |
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91 | (2) |
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6 Basic Framework and Operating Principle of Wide-Area Damping Control |
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93 | (10) |
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6.1 Basic Framework of Wide-Area Damping Control |
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93 | (2) |
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6.2 Operating Principle of Wide-Area Damping Control |
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95 | (3) |
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98 | (3) |
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6.3.1 SMIB System with FACTS WADC |
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98 | (1) |
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6.3.2 System Modeling Based on Direct Feedback Linearization Theory |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (2) |
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101 | (2) |
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7 Coordinated Design of Local PSSs and Wide-Area Damping Controller |
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103 | (18) |
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7.1 Overview of Optimization Method |
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103 | (1) |
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7.2 Description of Sequence Design and Global Optimization Method |
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104 | (3) |
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7.2.1 Structure of PSS and HVDC-WADC |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (3) |
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7.3 Methodological Implementation |
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107 | (2) |
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7.3.1 Damping Distribution |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Global Optimization |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (9) |
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7.4.1 AC/DC Hybrid Interconnected Systems |
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109 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Result of Damping Distribution |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (2) |
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7.4.4 Performance Validation |
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114 | (4) |
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118 | (3) |
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119 | (2) |
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8 Robust Coordination of HVDC and FACTS Wide-Area Damping Controllers |
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121 | (16) |
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8.1 Overview of Wide-Area Damping Control |
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121 | (1) |
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8.2 Description of Wide-Area Control Networks Using Multiple Power Electronics-Based Controllers |
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122 | (1) |
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8.3 Controller Design Formulation |
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123 | (2) |
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8.3.1 Multi-objective Synthesis of Wide-Area Robust Control |
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123 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Pole Placement in LMI Regions |
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124 | (1) |
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8.4 Design Procedure of Wide-Area Robust Coordinated Control |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (8) |
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8.5.1 Choice of Suitable Wide-Area Control Signals |
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126 | (2) |
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8.5.2 Robust Design of HVDC- and FACTS-WADC |
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128 | (2) |
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8.5.3 Evaluation of Robust Performance |
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130 | (2) |
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8.5.4 Nonlinear Simulation |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (3) |
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134 | (3) |
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9 Assessment and Choice of Input Signals for Multiple Wide-Area Damping Controllers |
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137 | (18) |
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9.1 Overview of Signal Selection Methods |
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137 | (1) |
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9.2 Description of Relative Gain Array and Residue Analysis |
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138 | (3) |
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138 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Residue Analysis Method |
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139 | (1) |
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9.2.3 RGA Analysis Method |
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139 | (2) |
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9.3 Signal Selection Procedure |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (10) |
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9.4.1 Preselection of Input Signal Candidates |
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144 | (1) |
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9.4.2 Final Choice of Effective Input Signals |
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145 | (2) |
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9.4.3 Comparison with Local Control and Other Wide-Area Control Pairs |
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147 | (1) |
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9.4.4 Design of Multiple HVDC- and FACTS-WADCs |
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148 | (2) |
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9.4.5 Validation of Control Performance |
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150 | (3) |
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153 | (2) |
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154 | (1) |
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10 Free-Weighting Matrix Method for Delay Compensation of Wide-Area Signals |
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155 | (24) |
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10.1 Time-Delay Power System |
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155 | (4) |
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10.1.1 Description of Delay Power System with Wide-Area Signals' Delay |
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156 | (2) |
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10.1.2 Stability Analysis of Time-Delay Power System |
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158 | (1) |
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10.2 Description of Free-Weighting Matrices (FWMs) Method |
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159 | (3) |
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10.3 General Configuration of FACTS-WADC Based on FWMs Approach |
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162 | (1) |
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10.4 FWMs Approach-Based FACTS-WADC Design |
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163 | (6) |
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169 | (5) |
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10.5.1 4-Machine 2-Area System |
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169 | (2) |
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10.5.2 16-Machine 5-Area Test System |
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171 | (3) |
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174 | (5) |
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177 | (2) |
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11 Design and Implementation of Delay-Dependent Wide-Area Damping Control for Stability Enhancement of Power Systems |
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179 | (24) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (4) |
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11.3 Design of the Control Algorithm |
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184 | (7) |
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11.3.1 Classic Phase Compensation Method |
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184 | (2) |
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11.3.2 Delay-Dependent State-Feedback Robust Design Method |
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186 | (3) |
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11.3.3 Delay-Dependent Dynamic Output-Feedback Control Method |
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189 | (2) |
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11.4 Algorithm Implementation |
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191 | (6) |
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11.4.1 Discrete-Time Model for the Hardware Controller |
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191 | (3) |
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11.4.2 Algorithm Flowchart |
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194 | (3) |
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11.5 Experimental Results |
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197 | (4) |
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201 | (2) |
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201 | (2) |
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12 Design and Implementation of Parallel Processing in Embedded PDC Application for FACTS Wide-Area Damping Control |
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203 | (20) |
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203 | (2) |
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12.2 Design of the Embedded System |
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205 | (2) |
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12.3 Implementation of the Embedded System |
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207 | (8) |
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12.3.1 Data Receiving via Communication Network |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (2) |
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12.3.3 Monitoring and Protection |
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210 | (2) |
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12.3.4 Wide-Area Damping Controller |
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212 | (1) |
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12.3.5 Control Output Through SPI and External DAC |
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213 | (2) |
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12.4 Parallel Processing of the Embedded System |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (6) |
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223 | (1) |
References |
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223 | |