| Preface to the Fifth Edition |
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v | |
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xix | |
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xxiii | |
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xxxvii | |
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xlix | |
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Table of Standard Conditions |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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Broad principles of general acceptation |
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3 | (1) |
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Ordinary meaning in context |
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3 | (1) |
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The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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Teleology: commercial purpose |
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4 | (1) |
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Legislative history: travaux preparatoires |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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The strict construction of exclusions |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Autonomous interpretation |
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5 | (1) |
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Finding and minding the gap |
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5 | (1) |
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The French text of the CMR |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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The CMR and the conflict of laws |
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A unilateral conflict rule |
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8 | (1) |
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The law of the contract apart from the CMR |
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9 | (1) |
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Contracts of carriage: Article 1.1 |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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The transportation contract |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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Multimodal transport: application of the CMR |
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13 | (1) |
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The UNCITRAL draft (aka the Rotterdam Rules) |
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13 | (1) |
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Goods not unloaded: ro-ro and piggyback transport |
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14 | (1) |
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Operational convenience: inspection, storage and transhipment |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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Multimodal transport: exclusion of the CMR |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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Road carrier not responsible |
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15 | (1) |
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Perils of ships and planes and trains |
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15 | (1) |
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Conditions prescribed: the application of the Hague-Visby Rules to a sea stage |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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Deck carriage and Paramount clauses |
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15 | (1) |
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In default of conditions prescribed, the applicable regime |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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Movements within the United Kingdom |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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The CMR regime in outline |
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The liability of the carrier |
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19 | (1) |
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Supplementing the text of the CMR |
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20 | (1) |
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The Contract of Carriage: Documentation |
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Formation of the contract of carriage |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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The form of the consignment note |
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23 | (1) |
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The contents of the consignment note: Article 6 |
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24 | (1) |
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The effect of statements in the consignment note: Article 9 |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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The nature of the carrier's obligation to check |
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25 | (1) |
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The mode and effect of reservations |
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25 | (1) |
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Optional checks: Article 8.3 |
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25 | (1) |
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The liability of the sender for information |
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26 | (1) |
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Statements in the consignment note |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Disposal by the consignee |
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32 | (1) |
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The liability of the carrier |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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Impossibility of performance: Article 14 |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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Prevention of delivery: Article 15 |
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33 | (1) |
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Interim and other measures decided by the carrier |
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33 | (1) |
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Reasonable steps: alternative performance |
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33 | (1) |
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Unloading: ending the carriage |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Justifiable postponement of delivery |
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37 | (1) |
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Goods to be ``kept until called for'' |
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37 | (1) |
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Delivery, as agreed, without the consignee |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Wrongful refusal of delivery |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Cash on delivery: liability |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Action against the carrier by the consignee: Article 13 |
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40 | (1) |
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Actions in respect of damage |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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The effect of concessions by the sender |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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Title to sue: rules of national law |
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41 | (1) |
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The party to the contract |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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The person with the right of disposal |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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Title to sue in england at common law |
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42 | (1) |
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The one-year period of limitation: Article 32 |
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43 | (1) |
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The scope of Article 32: actions arising out of carriage |
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43 | (1) |
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Exception: the three-year period for wilful misconduct |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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The commencement of proceedings |
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43 | (1) |
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The commencement of the period of limitation |
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44 | (1) |
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Goods damaged but not delivered to the consignee |
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44 | (1) |
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Claims between successive carriers |
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44 | (1) |
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Claims between carriers: scope |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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Suspension of the period of limitation |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Receipt by the right person |
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45 | (1) |
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The effect of a written claim |
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45 | (1) |
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Rejection of the claim by notification in writing |
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45 | (1) |
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Extension of the period of limitation |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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The forum and the defendant |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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The principal place of business |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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The place of take-over or delivery |
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46 | (1) |
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Jurisdiction agreed by the parties |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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The enforcement of judgments and arbitration awards |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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Responsibility for the acts of others |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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The choice of defendants: successive carriage |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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Acceptance of the goods and the consignment note |
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50 | (1) |
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The position of sub-contractors |
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50 | (1) |
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Entries on the consignment note |
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50 | (1) |
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Recourse: the basis of liability between carriers |
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51 | (1) |
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Recourse: indemnity and contribution under Article 37 |
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52 | (1) |
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Defences between carriers |
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52 | (1) |
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The carrier responsible: Article 37(a) |
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52 | (1) |
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Apportionment of liability between carriers: Article 37(b) and (c), Article 38 |
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52 | (1) |
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Recourse: jurisdiction under Article 39 |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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The Liability of the Carrier |
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The liability of the carrier: Article 17.1 |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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The scope of liability in time |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Damage amounting to total loss |
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56 | (1) |
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Delay amounting to total loss: Article 20.1 |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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Delay not amounting to total loss: Article 19 |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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The consequences of delay |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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Physical damage associated with delay |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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Proof of loss or damage: Article 30 |
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60 | (1) |
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To rebut the presumption of conforming delivery: proof of loss or damage |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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The absence of reservations |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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The carrier's liability in connection with documents |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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Abandonment and delivery short of destination |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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Defences Available to the Carrier |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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Exonerating events: causation |
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69 | (1) |
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Apportionment: Article 17.5 |
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69 | (1) |
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The wrongful act or neglect of the claimant |
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70 | (1) |
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The instructions of the claimant |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Dangerous goods: Article 22 |
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73 | (1) |
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The liability of the sender |
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73 | (1) |
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Unavoidable circumstances |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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Unavoidable circumstances: utmost care in practice |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Defects in the vehicle: Article 17.3 |
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75 | (1) |
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Special equipment distinguished: Article 18.4 |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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The presumption of non-responsibility |
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76 | (1) |
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A possible cause: the plausibility of the carrier's case |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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The carrier's residual duty of care |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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Defective packing of the goods |
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82 | (1) |
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Defects in the packing of other goods |
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82 | (1) |
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The liability of the sender for defective packing |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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The response of the carrier to defective packing |
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84 | (1) |
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Loading and stowage by the sender |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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Counter-proof by the claimant |
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86 | (1) |
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The carrier's duty to check loading by the sender |
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87 | (1) |
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Defects affecting only goods |
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87 | (1) |
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Defects affecting roadworthiness |
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87 | (1) |
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Defects becoming apparent during the journey |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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Sensitivity and inherent vice distinguished |
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89 | (1) |
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Specially equipped vehicles |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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Steps incumbent: performance of duty |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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Counter-proof by the claimant |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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Public policy: Article 41 |
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92 | (1) |
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The benefit of insurance: Article 41.2 |
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92 | (1) |
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The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 |
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92 | (1) |
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Public policy: Article 1.5 |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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The value of the goods: Article 23.2 |
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94 | (1) |
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Repayment of compensation if goods are recovered |
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95 | (1) |
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Compensation for partial loss or damage |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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Raising the limits on compensation: selection of higher limits |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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Carriage by rail: common law |
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101 | (1) |
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Carriage by air: the Warsaw Convention |
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101 | (1) |
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Carriage by road: the CMR |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Equivalenc in effect: die grosse Fahrlassigkeit |
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102 | (1) |
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Equivalence in effect: la faute lourde |
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102 | (1) |
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Wilful misconduct in practice |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Defective packing, loading or stowage |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Termination of obligations in the case of breach |
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104 | (1) |
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Termination of obligations in the case of impossibility of performance |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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Action for carriage charges |
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107 | (1) |
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Restitution of goods delayed |
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108 | (93) |
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PART II: ENGLISH DOMESTIC LAW |
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201 | (1) |
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Formation of the contract |
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202 | (1) |
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The terms of the contract: notice |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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Interpretation of the contract |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (2) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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Good faith and co-operation |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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Title to sue: parties to the contract of carriage |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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The consignor's influence on the rights of the consignee |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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The Liability of the Carrier |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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Liability: contract terms |
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223 | (1) |
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The scope of liability in time |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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Apportionment: mixed causes |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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The contractual setting: networks |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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Responsibility for the acts and omissions of others |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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Defences available to the carrier |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Rebellion and insurrection |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Act or omission of the sender or consignee |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Wastage or natural deterioration |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
Insufficient or improper packing |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
Seizure or forfeiture under legal process |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
Defences: construction contra proferentem |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
Defences available to both parties |
|
|
|
Avoidance: misrepresentation |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
Avoidance: economic duress |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
Non-enforcement: illegality |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
Illegal performance of the contract |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
Compensation: damages for breach of contract |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Compensation: damages in tort |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
Termination of contractual obligations in the case of breach |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
Termination of obligations in the case of impossibility of performance |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
Action for carriage charges |
|
|
252 | (149) |
|
|
|
|
Appendix A. Carriage of Goods by Road Act 1965 |
|
|
401 | (20) |
|
Schedule, Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road |
|
|
421 | (50) |
|
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Persons for whom the Carrier is Responsible |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Conclusion and Performance of the Contract of Carriage |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
Provisions Relating to Carriage performed by Successive Carriers |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Nullity of Stipulations Contrary to the Convention |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (9) |
|
Appendix B. French Text of the CMR |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Convention Relative Au Contrat De Transport International De March Andises Par Route (CMR) |
|
|
|
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Personnes dont repond le transporteur |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
Conclusion et execution du contrat de transport |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
Responsabilite du transporteur |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Dispositions relatives au transport effectue par transporteurs successifs |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
Nullite des stipulations contraires a la Convention |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
|
|
512 | (39) |
|
Appendix C. Carriage by Air and Road Act 1979 |
|
|
551 | (20) |
|
Appendix D. Road Haulage Association Limited (RHA) Conditions of Carriage 1998 |
|
|
571 | (30) |
|
Appendix E. British International Freight Association (BIFA) Standard Trading Conditions 2000 Edition |
|
|
601 | |
| Index |
|
499 | |
